- •Abbreviations
- •1 Overview of Antimicrobial Therapy
- •Factors in Antibiotic Selection
- •Factors in Antibiotic Dosing
- •Microbiology and Susceptibility Testing
- •PK/PD and Other Considerations in Antimicrobial Therapy
- •Antibiotic Failure
- •Pitfalls in Antibiotic Prescribing
- •References and Suggested Readings
- •2 Empiric Therapy Based on Clinical Syndrome
- •Empiric Therapy of CNS Infections
- •Empiric Therapy of HEENT Infections
- •Empiric Therapy of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
- •Empiric Therapy of GI Tract Infections
- •Empiric Therapy of Genitourinary Tract Infections
- •Empiric Therapy of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- •Empiric Therapy of Bone and Joint Infections
- •Empiric Therapy of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
- •Sepsis/Septic Shock
- •Febrile Neutropenia
- •Transplant Infections
- •Toxin-Mediated Infectious Diseases
- •Bioterrorist Agents
- •References and Suggested Readings
- •Gram Stain Characteristics of Isolates
- •Parasites, Fungi, Unusual Organisms in Blood
- •Parasites, Fungi, Unusual Organisms in CSF/Brain
- •Parasites, Fungi, Unusual Organisms in Lungs
- •Parasites, Fungi, Unusual Organisms in Heart
- •Parasites, Fungi, Unusual Organisms in the Liver
- •References and Suggested Readings
- •5 HIV Infection
- •HIV Infection Overview
- •Stages of HIV Infection
- •Acute (Primary) HIV Infection
- •Initial Assessment of HIV Infection
- •Indications for Treatment of HIV Infection
- •Antiretroviral Treatment
- •Treatment of Other Opportunistic Infections in HIV
- •HIV Coinfections (HBV/HCV)
- •References and Suggested Readings
- •6 Prophylaxis and Immunizations
- •Surgical Prophylaxis
- •Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
- •Chronic Medical Prophylaxis
- •Endocarditis Prophylaxis
- •Travel Prophylaxis
- •Tetanus Prophylaxis
- •Immunizations
- •References and Suggested Readings
- •Empiric Therapy of CNS Infections
- •Empiric Therapy of HEENT Infections
- •Empiric Therapy of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
- •Empiric Therapy of Vascular Infections
- •Empiric Therapy of Gastrointestinal Infections
- •Empiric Therapy of Bone and Joint Infections
- •Empiric Therapy of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
- •Common Pediatric Antimicrobial Drugs
- •References and Suggested Readings
- •8 Chest X-Ray Atlas
- •References and Suggested Readings
- •9 Infectious Disease Differential Diagnosis
- •11 Antimicrobial Drug Summaries
- •Appendix
- •Malaria in Adults (United States)
- •Malaria in Children (United States)
- •Index
Chapter 5. HIV Infection |
351 |
Table 5.10. Monitoring Plan During Treatment for HCV Infection (cont’d)
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Weeks of Treatment |
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Baseline |
2 |
4 |
8 |
12 |
16 |
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20 |
24 |
24–28 |
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Ophthalmologic |
X‡ |
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X |
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X |
q12 weeks |
exam |
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PT |
X |
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X |
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q12 weeks |
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Pregnancy test |
Perform at regular intervals if appropriate |
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‡Necessary for patients with a history of retinopathy; IFN package insert recommends screening for all patients prior to treatment.. Many clinicians choose to defer the initial exam and monitor for disturbances in vision and loss of color perception..
Adapted from: Sax PE, Cohen CJ, Kuritzkes DR.. HIV Essentials (6th Ed), Jones & Bartlett, Sudbury, MA, 2013..
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READINGS
Aberg JA, Gallant JE, Ghanem KG, et al.. Primary care guidelines for the management of persons infected with HIV: 2013 update by the HIV medicine association of the IDSA.. Clin Infect Dis 58:1–10, 2014..
Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, InjectionDrug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV in the United States.. MMWR 54(RR02): 1–20, 2005..
Gandhi M, Gandhi RT. . Single-Pill Combination Regimens for Treatment of HIV-1 Infection.. NEJM 371:248-259, 2014..
Guidelines for Treating Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. . www. .hivatis
..org.. January 29, 2008..
Gunthard HF, Aberg JA, Eron JJ, Hoy JF, et al.. Antiretroviral Treatment of Adult HIV Infection.. 2014 Recommendations of the International Antivirual Society USA Panel.. J Amer Med Assoc.. 312:410-425, 2014..
Johnson LB, Saravolatz LD. . The Quad pill, a once-daily combination therapy for HIV infection. . Clin Inf Dis 58:93–8, 2014..
Marrazzo JM, del Rio C, Holtgrave DR, Cohen MS, et al.. HIV Prevention in Clinical Settings. . 2014 Recommendations of the International Society USA Panel. . J Amer Med Assoc.. 312: 390-409, 2014..
McLean HQ, Fiebelkorn AP, Temte JI, et al. . Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents. . AIDS Info 6:1–416, 2013..
Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. . Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents.. Department of Health and Human Services.. http://aidsinfo..nih..gov contentifiles/Ivguidelines/AdultandAdolescentGL..pdf, 2013..
Public Health Service Task Force Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant HIV-1–Infected Women for Maternal Health and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV-1 Transmission in the United States www..hivatis..org.. November 2, 2007..
Recommendation on Integrase Inhibitor Use in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive HIV Infected Individuals from the HHS Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. . http://aidsinfo. .nih. .gov/contentfiles/AdultARV_INSTIRecommendations..pdf, 2013..
Truong WR, Schafer JJ, Short WR.. Once Daily, Single-Tablet Regimens for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection.. Pharm & Therap.. 40;44-55,2015..
352 |
A n t i b i o t i c |
E s s e n t i a l s |
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TEXTBOOKS |
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Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ (eds).. Mandell, Douglas, and |
Dolin R, Masur H, Saag MS (eds). . AIDS Therapy (3rd Ed), |
Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases |
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Churchill Livingstone, New York, 2008.. |
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(8th Ed), Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2015.. |
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Gorbach SL, Bartlett JG, Blacklow NR (eds). . Infectious |
Sax PE, Cohen CJ, Kuritzkes DR (eds).. HIV Essentials (7th Ed), |
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Diseases (3rd Ed), Philadelphia, Lippincott, Williams |
& |
Jones & Bartlett, Sudbury, MA, 2014.. |
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Wilkins, 2004.. |
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Wormser GP (ed).. AIDS (4th Ed), Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2004.. |