- •Череповецкий государственный университет
- •Кафедра экономики
- •Современный бизнес
- •Contents
- •Введение
- •Unit 1. The effects of demand and supply on business
- •1.1. Markets
- •Test Questions
- •Case study ‘Understanding the Market’
- •1.2. The Operation of Markets
- •If social costs exceed social benefits, the decision to produce a good or service makes society worse off even if the producers make a profit.
- •If social costs are less than social benefits, the decision to produce a good or service will make society better off. Test Questions
- •Case study ‘Record Industry’
- •1.3. The Effects of Government Policy on Markets
- •Indirect taxes
- •Test Questions
- •Unit 2. The competitiveness of a firm
- •2.1. The Performance of an Industry
- •International Trade
- •International comparisons
- •2.2. Government Action to Improve Competitiveness
- •2.3. Government Action and International Trade
- •2.4. Business Competitive Strategies
- •Test questions
- •Case Study
- •Unit 3. Business Organisations
- •3.1. Types of Business Organization
- •3.2. Organizational Structures
- •3.3. Factors Influencing the Organisational Structure
- •Internal factors
- •Test Questions
- •Case Study ‘Business Organisation & Structure’
- •Unit 4. Administrative systems
- •4.1. The Purpose of Administrative System
- •4.2. Administration Functions in Business
- •4.3. Evaluating Administrative Systems
- •4.4. Information Technology in Administration
- •Test Questions
- •Case Study ‘Satellite Supplies’
- •Unit 5. Communications Systems
- •5.1. Why Do Businesses Need Communications System?
- •5.2. The Objectives of Communication
- •5.3. Verbal Communication
- •Internal communications
- •5.5. Evaluating Communication Systems in Business
- •Test Questions
- •Case Study ‘Can You Communicate?’
- •Unit 6. Information Processing
- •6.1. The Purposes of Information Processing
- •6.2. Types of Information Processing Systems
- •Information Technology: positive and negative effects
- •6.3. Evaluating Information Processing Systems
- •Test Questions
- •Case Study “Information Technologies in Business”
- •Unit 7. The principles and functions of marketing
- •7.1. What is Marketing?
- •7.2. The Objectives of Marketing
- •7.3. Implementing the Marketing Mix
- •Test Questions
- •Unit 8. Market Research
- •8.1. What is Market Research?
- •8.2. Sources of Marketing Information
- •Information requirements
- •Internal sources
- •8.3. Primary Research
- •8.4. Market Changes
- •Information on sales
- •Test Questions
- •Case Study ‘Sun Rush’
- •4M Brits shrug off gloom in sun rush
- •Unit 9. Marketing Communications
- •9.1. Targeting an Audience
- •9.2. How to Reach a Target Audience
- •9.3. Product Performance
- •9.4. Guidelines and Controls on Marketing Communications
- •Test Questions
- •Case Study ‘Marketing Communication’
- •Unit 10. Customer Service and Sales Methods
- •10.1. ‘The Customer Is Always Right’
- •10.2. Placing the Product – Distribution
- •Indirect distribution via intermediaries
- •10.3. Closing the Sale
- •Test Questions
- •Case Study ‘Company Handbook’
- •Unit 11. Production
- •11.1. What is Production?
- •11.2. Just in Time Production and Total Quality Management
- •11.3. Improving the Productivity of Labour
- •11.4. Health and Safety at Work
- •11.5. Reducing Pollution from Production
- •In the working environment
- •In the natural environment
- •Test Questions
- •Case Study ‘Production and Productivity Consulting’
- •11.6. The Costs of Production
- •Identifying business costs
- •Indirect costs
- •Insurance
- •Variable costs
- •Test Questions
- •Case study ‘Waterhouse Waffles’
- •Unit 12. Pricing decisions and strategies
- •12.1. The Pricing Decision
- •12.2. Cost-Based Pricing
- •12.3. Market-Based Pricing
- •12.4. Competition-Based Pricing
- •12.5. Problems with Demand- and Competition-Based Pricing
- •Test Questions
- •Case Study ‘What Price Promotion?’
- •Unit 13. Monitoring business performance
- •13.1. Accounting for Business Control
- •13.2. Budgetary Control
- •Variance analysis
- •13.3. Ratio analysis
- •Test Questions
- •Case Study ‘Business Performance’
- •Unit 14. Preparing a business plan
- •14.1. What Is a Business Plan?
- •14.2. The Purposes of a Business Plan
- •14.3. Legal and Insurance Implications
- •Insurance
- •14.4. Business Resources
- •14.5. Potential Support for a Business Plan
- •Some review questions
- •Unit 15. Producing a Business Plan
- •15.1. Business Objectives and Timescales
- •15.2. The Marketing Plan
- •15.3. The Production Plan
- •15.4. The Financial Plan
- •15.5. Conclusion
- •Some Review Questions
- •Case Study ‘Business Plan’
Test Questions
1. |
Lewis Locksmiths Ltd has just bought a new computer. Mr. Lewis would like to set up his accounts and financial information on computer. What type of software would be best for this? |
A. |
A database |
B. |
A wordprocessor |
C. |
A graphics package |
D. |
A spreadsheet |
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2. |
The main purpose of the Data Protection Act is to: |
A. |
Protect firms by ensuring that they have password protection on all computers |
B. |
Protect the government by ensuring that people cannot have access to secret defence or police information |
C. |
Protect individuals by ensuring that organisations holding information about them on computer are required to register this fact and to comply with certain regulations |
D. |
Safeguard information sent on computer disk through the post |
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3. |
A dedicated computer system is one which: |
A. |
Rarely breaks down |
B. |
Can only run one type of software application |
C. |
Can run a variety of different software applications to suit the needs of the user |
D. |
Meets the requirements of the Data Protection Act |
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4. |
Introduction of a new computerised information processing system could be judged to be effective on all of the following criteria except: |
A. |
Increased speed of information processing |
B. |
Lower administrative costs |
C. |
Increased paperwork |
D. |
Improved information flows for decision-making |
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5. |
The main difference between a spreadsheet and a database is: |
A. |
A database is not used for handling data |
B. |
A database is used for making calculations |
C. |
A spreadsheet is used for asking ‘What if’ questions |
D. |
A spreadsheet is mainly used for organising and categorising data |
6. |
All of the following are major purposes of information processing systems except: |
A. |
Receiving information |
B. |
Distributing and communicating information |
C. |
Storing information |
D. |
Making decisions based on Information |
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Questions 7 – 9 share the following answer options: |
A. |
Receiving information |
B. |
Storing information |
C. |
Using information |
D. |
Communicating information |
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Which of the above purposes of an information processing system do the following situations describe? |
7. |
A telephone call from a angry customer |
8. |
Sending out product details via electronic mail |
9. |
Calculating monthly average sales figures to identify the trend |
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10. |
Answer the following questions:
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11. |
The Department of the Environment (DoE) is to move to new offices. The existing library within the Department holds many reference books, newspapers, magazines, and maps. Some information is stored on microfiche slides. Every day the library receives information on new publications, requests from DoE personnel searching for particular items of information or books, and sends out photocopies, items on loan, and loan expiry reminders. Much of the processing of this information is undertaken by hand, and people who request information from the library often complain it is too slow. The library is currently researching its information processing requirements and has suggested introducing an electronic environment in which as much information as possible is stored on disk which can be accessed by users over a wide area network.
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12. |
Explain the following terms and how each one might help a business:
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13. |
What are the main implications of the Data Protection Act for a new business? |