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IV. Translate into English.

Лед, вода и пар

Вода — это вещество, для которого обычны все три состояния: твердое, жидкое и газообразное. При температуре ниже 0oС вода принимает вид твердого льда, молекулы которого образуют в пространстве жесткую структуру. Если лед нагреть, молекулы начнут отрываться друг от друга, и лед будет таять, превращаясь в жидкую воду. Став жидкостью, вода начнет испаряться — более быстрые молекулы станут срываться с ее поверхности и образовывать газ, который называют водяным паром. Когда вода при нормальных атмосферных условиях нагревается до 100" С, она испаряется настолько быстро, что в ней образуются большие пузыри пара: вода кипит.

V. Speaking

Discuss the following topics.

1. The difference of the molecular motion in various states of a substance.

2. The influence of the temperature and the pressure on the state of a substance.

3. An example of transformation of the same substance into different states.

VI. Reading

Text B

Measuring matter: mass, weight, and volume

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It is measured in grams or units derived from grams (mg, kg). Mass is measured using a balance. It is used to measure many things, from food to mail. In objects mass is constant or the same everywhere in the universe.

Weight on the other hand is a measure of the force of gravity pulling on the object. It is measured in Newtons, by a spring scale. Since gravity is not the same everywhere in the universe an object’s weight changes from place to place in the universe.

Note: Gravity is approximately the same everywhere on the Earth’s surface, people often use the words mass and weight interchangeably, however REMEMBER that they are not. A scale measures the gravitational force between an object and Earth. This means that a scale that reads in grams or kilograms has actually measured weight and calculated the mass from the weight.

Volume is a measure of the amount of space occupied by matter. It is measured in cubic meters, liters or units derived from these (ml, cm3). Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume of that substance. It is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3), grams per milliliter (g/ml), or kilograms per cubic meter (g/m3). Density is calculated by dividing the mass of a substance by its volume:

Mass M

Density = - - - - - - or D = - - - - - -

Volume V

  1. Match the words and their definitions.

1)mass

a) The force of gravity on an object’s mass

2)matter

b)How tightly atoms are packed together

3)weight

c)Scientific term for «stuff»

4)volume

d)the amount of matter in an object

  1. displace

e)how much space an object takes up

6)density

f)another way to say «to move»

7)Newton

g) a unit of weight