Answers to Questions on Page 173
Stall speed in a 25° and 30° bank if VS1g = 150 kt CAS. (with % comparisons)
25° = 158 kt CAS (5% increase in stall speed above VS1g) [lift 10% greater] 30° = 161 kt CAS (7% increase in stall speed above VS1g) [lift 15% greater] 45° = 178 kt CAS (19% increase in stall speed above VS1g) [lift 41% greater] 60° = 212 kt CAS (41% increase in stall speed above VS1g) [lift 100% greater]
Stalling 7
Stalling 7
191
7 Stalling
Stalling 7
Key Facts 2
Self Study
Insert the missing words in these statements, using the foregoing paragraphs for reference. The swept-back wing is the major contributory factor to _______ stall.
An aircraft design with super stall tendencies must be fitted with a stick ______. Factors which can affect VSR are:
a.Changes in _______.
b.Manoeuvring the aircraft (increasing the ______ _______ ).
c.Configuration changes (changes in _______ and _________ moment).
d.Engine _______ and propeller ______________.
e._______ number.
f.Wing _______________.
g.Heavy ________.
In straight and level flight the load factor is _____.
At a higher weight, the stall speed of an aircraft will be _________.
If the weight is decreased by 50%, the stall speed will ___________ by approximately ____%. Load factor varies with ______ ______.
The increase in stall speed in a turn is proportional to the square root of the ______ _______. High lift devices will __________ the stall speed because CLMAX is __________.
Forward CG movement will __________ stall speed due to the increased tail ________ load. Lowering the landing gear will increase stall speed due to the increased tail ________ load.
Increased engine power will decrease stall speed due to propeller _________ and/or the
__________ inclination of thrust.
The effect of increasing Mach number on stall speed begin at M ______. The effects of compressibility increases stall speed by decreasing _________.
192
Stalling 7
The formation of ice on the leading edge of the wing can ___________ stall speed by ____ %.
Frost formation on the wing can __________ stall speed by ____ %.
An aircraft must be free of all _____, _____ and ____ immediately before ______.
Airframe contamination ________ stall speed by reducing ______, increasing the adverse
_________ _________ and/or reducing the _______ energy of the boundary layer.
Indications of an icing-induced stall can be loss of aircraft ___________, _____ oscillations or
_____ drop and high rate of _______. Artificial stall warning will be _______, but aerodynamic
_______ may assist in identifying the onset of wing stall.
Very heavy ____ can ________ the stall speed due to the film of water altering the ___________
contour of the wing.
A _______ must occur before a spin can take place.
In a steady spin, _____ wings are stalled, one more than the other.
A spin may also develop if forces on the aircraft are unbalanced in other ways, for example, from yaw forces due to an ______ failure on a multi-engine aircraft, or if the ___ is laterally displaced by an unbalanced _____ load.
The following is a general recovery procedure for erect spins:
1.Move the throttle or throttles to _____.
2.___________ the ailerons.
3.Apply full _______ against the spin.
4.Move the _________ control briskly to approximately the neutral position.
5.______ the recommended control positions until rotation stops.
6.As rotation stops, neutralize the _______.
7.Recover from the resulting dive with ________ back pressure on the ______ control.
A crossed-control stall can be avoided by maintaining the ___ of the slip indicator in the ______. A stall can occur at any ______ or flight _________ if the ________ angle of attack is exceeded.
A secondary stall can be triggered either by not ___________ the angle of ______ enough at stall warning or by not allowing sufficient ___ for the aircraft to begin _____ again before attempting to ________ lost altitude.
Stalling 7
193
7 Stalling
Stalling 7
An added complication during an accidental stall and recovery of a single engine-propeller aircraft is due to the _______ and ______ forces generated by the _________. It is essential to maintain balanced, co-ordinated flight, particularly at ____ airspeed, high angles of _______.
In whatever configuration, attitude, or power setting a stall warning occurs, the correct pilot action is to ________ the angle of attack below the _____ angle to un-stall the ____, apply maximum allowable ______ to minimize altitude loss and prevent any ____ from developing to minimize the possibility of ________. “Keep the _____ in the middle”.
If a large shock wave forms on the wing, due to an inadvertent overspeed, the locally increased
_______ pressure gradient will cause the ________ _____ to separate immediately ______ the shock wave. This is called “______ stall”.
KEY FACTS 2, WITH WORD INSERTS CAN BE FOUND ON page 204.
194