46. How is the Internet used in business?

From a research perspective, the Internet is just a pathway to various sites that contain information. Much of the information that can be found by using the Internet can also be found by travelling other paths that may faster, less expensive, and/or easier to access. It is also important to realize that the information you want may not be available through the Internet.

When you consider using the Internet as an information resource, approach it the same as you would in doing any research: examine the purpose and goals of the project and use the tools and resources that are appropriate to meet those goals. Keep in mind that the Internet is just one tool that can or should be used. Most of the hard data resources that are on the Internet can be found in other media, such as books, CD-ROMs, and commercial online databases. Depending on your project, these may be more effective and efficient sources to use. The strength and uniqueness of the Internet is as a communications tool, a way to share ideas with and ask questions of others about things that aren't covered in the hard data resources. The Internet can give you access to experts and specialists on almost any topic imagineable.

From an advertising perspective, the Internet is still just one of a number of avenues in which to promote your business and sell your products and services. As with research, each medium of advertising is unique with its own strengths and drawbacks.

47. How are computers used in business?

computers can be used in business from the stage of manufacturing till the stage of its sale. we cant think of a business without a computer. business is all around of computers. a manager's work is depends on computer scheduling controlling communication managing data and all the information about company and competitors.

Computers are used in business to:

1. Keep Records of peoples pay and parsonal details

2. View new orders over the internet and contact warehouse to despatch them

3. Collecting payments from costumers, View new stock and calculating Pofit/loss of company. (without computers people would spend more time calculating this)

48. What is а computer virus? How does it work?

A virus is a piece of code that attaches itself to a program or file so it can spread from computer to computer. They can also try to damage your software, your hardware, and your files.

Just as human viruses range in severity from Ebola to the 24-hour flu, computer viruses range from the mildly bothersome to the downright destructive. The good news is that someone has to share the file or send an e-mail in order to continue the infection.

A file virus attaches itself to a file (but see the section below

or the comp.virus FAQ on the subject of companion viruses), usually

an executable application (e.g. a word processing program or a DOS

program). In general, file viruses don't infect data files. However,

data files can contain embedded executable code such as macros, which

may be used by virus or trojan writers. Recent versions of Microsoft

Word are particularly vulnerable to this kind of threat. Text files

such as batch files, postscript files, and source code which contain

commands that can be compiled or interpreted by another program are

potential targets for malware (malicious software), though such malware

is not at present common

49. What is IT? What does it include?

IT is the area of managing technology and spans wide variety of areas that include but are not limited to things such as processes, computer software, information systems, computer hardware, programming languages, and data constructs. In short, anything that renders data, information or perceived knowledge in any visual format whatsoever, via any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered part of the domain space known as Information Technology (IT). IT provides businesses with four sets of core services to help execute the business strategy. These four core services are broken into business process automation, providing information, connecting with customers, and productivity tools.

IT professionals perform a variety of functions that ranges from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as management and administration of entire systems. Information technology is starting to spread further than the conventional personal computer and network technologies, and more into integrations of other technologies such as the use of cell phones, televisions, automobiles, and more, which is increasing the demand for such jobs.

The main features of modern IT:

Computer processing of information by a given algorithm;

storage of large the amount of information on computer media;

transfer of information on significant distances in short time.

50. How many digits does a binary system use? What is a 'bit'?

In keeping with customary representation of numerals using Arabic numerals, binary numbers are commonly written using the symbols 0 and 1. When written, binary numerals are often subscripted, prefixed or suffixed in order to indicate their base, or radix. The following notations are equivalent:

100101 binary (explicit statement of format)

100101b (a suffix indicating binary format)

100101B (a suffix indicating binary format)

bin 100101 (a prefix indicating binary format)

1001012 (a subscript indicating base-2 (binary) notation)

%100101 (a prefix indicating binary format)

0b100101 (a prefix indicating binary format, common in programming languages)

6b100101 (a prefix indicating number of bits in binary format, common in programming languages)

A bit (a contraction of binary digit) is the basic unit of information in computing and telecommunications; it is the amount of information stored by a digital device or other physical system that exists in one of two possible distinct states. These may be the two stable states of a flip-flop, two positions of an electrical switch, two distinct voltage or current levels allowed by a circuit, two distinct levels of light intensity, two directions of magnetization or polarization, etc

51. What is the difference between binary notation and the decimal system? Give some examples.

When working with any kind of digital electronics in which numbers are being represented, it is important to understand the different ways numbers are represented in these systems. Almost without fail, numbers are represented by two voltage levels which can represent a one or a zero . The number system based on ones and zeroes is called the binary system (because there are only two possible digits). Before discussing the binary system, a review of the decimal (ten possible digits) system is in order, because many of the concepts of the binary system will be easier to understand

Decimal notation is the writing of numbers in the base 10 numeral system, which uses various symbols (called digits) for no more than ten distinct values (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) to represent any numbers, no matter how large or how small. These digits are often used with a decimal separator which indicates the start of a fractional part, and with one of the sign symbols + (positive) or − (negative) in front of the numerals to indicate sign.

For instance, to represent the positive integer one hundred and twenty-five as a decimal number, we can write (with the postivie sign implied). The subscript 10 denotes the number as a base 10 (decimal) number.

12510 = 1*100 + 2*10 + 5*1 = 1*102 + 2*101 + 5*100

52. What magnetic drives are there? Give brief characteristics of a hard disk.

This article lists the magnetic disk drives manufactured by IBM for use in its own computer systems and for sale by IBM on an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) basis to others. IBM has used many terms to describe its various magnetic disk drives, such as Direct Access Storage Device, Disk File and Diskette File; however, for purposes of this article the current industry standard terms, hard disk drive (HDD) and floppy disk drive (FDD)will be used.

IBM invented both the HDD and the FDD and as such was responsible for many of the innovations in these products and their technologies[1]. The basic mechanical arrangement of hard disk drives hasn't changed since the IBM 1301. Disk drive performance and characteristics are measured by the same standards now as they were in the 1950s.

IBM manufactured HDDs from 1956 until it merged its HDD business with Hitachi's in 2003[2]. IBM manufactured 8-inch FDDs from 1969 until the middle 1980s but was not a significant manufacturer of smaller sized FDDs[3].

IBM always offered its magnetic disk drives for sale but did not offer them with OEM terms and conditions until 1981[4]. By 1996 IBM had stopped making HDDs unique to its systems and was offering all its HDDs on an OEM basis[5].

This list of products ends at IBM's 1994 announcement of the "star" family of OEM disk drives[6] and the article concludes with a comparison of IBM's first and last HDDs. Few products in history have enjoyed such spectacular declines in cost and size along with corresponding improvements in capacity and performance.

A hard disk drive[2] (HDD) is a non-volatile, random access digital data storage device. It features rotating rigid platters on a motor-driven spindle within a protective enclosure. Data is magnetically read from and written to the platter by read/write heads that float on a film of air above the platters.

Introduced by IBM in 1956, hard disk drives have fallen in cost and physical size over the years while dramatically increasing in capacity. Hard disk drives have been the dominant device for secondary storage of data in general purpose computers since the early 1960s.[3] They have maintained this position because advances in their areal recording density have kept pace with the requirements for secondary storage.[3] Today's HDDs operate on high-speed serial interfaces; i.e., serial ATA (SATA) or serial attached SCSI (SAS).

53. What is an e-mail? What are its advantages and disadvantages?

E-mail (electronic mail) is the exchange of computer-stored messages by telecommunication. (Some publications spell it email; we prefer the currently more established spelling of e-mail.) E-mail messages are usually encoded in ASCII text. However, you can also send non-text files, such as graphic images and sound files, as attachments sent in binary streams. E-mail was one of the first uses of the Internet and is still the most popular use. A large percentage of the total traffic over the Internet is e-mail.

Advantages of Email

The benefits of e-mail are huge in number.

Easy to use

Speed:.

Easy to prioritize:

Reliable and secure:

Thus making it one of the secured ways of communication.

Informal and conversational

Easier for reference:

Automated e-mails

Environment friendly

Use of graphics.

Advertising tool

Disadvantages of Email

The e-mails, though beneficial in our day-to-day life, has got its own drawbacks that are off late coming to the fore.

Viruses:

Spam:.

Hacking:.

Misinterpretation:.

Lengthy mails:.

Not suitable for business:

Crowded inbox:.

Need to check the inbox regularly:.

54. What is a computer? Where are computers used nowadays?

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or "data." It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You can use a computer to type documents, send email, and surf the Internet. You can also use it to handle spreadsheets, accounting, database management, presentations, games, and more.

Whether you realize it or not, computers play an important role in our lives. When you withdraw cash from an ATM, scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you're using a type of computer.

Many people also use their computers for business purposes and incidentally, many businesses require their employees to have computer skills as well

Another way many people are using their computers is to play games

Let’s face it, television as we know it will never go away and will only get better as technology breakthroughs are discovered, same goes for our computers