- •Participle
- •Participle I
- •Verbal features
- •Adjectival features
- •Adverbial features
- •Grammatical categories of participle I
- •Participle I and gerund compared
- •Participle I as attribute
- •Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •Verbs of motion: to come, to enter, to arrive, to turn, to leave
- •Verbs of sense perception: to see, to hear to find
- •Adverbial Modifier of Reason (Cause)
- •Adverbial Modifier of Manner and Attendant Circumstances
- •Adverbial Modifier of Condition and Concession
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •Participle I as part of complex object
- •Verbs of sense perception
- •2. Verbs of causative meaning (побудительное значение)
- •3. Verbs of wishes and emotions to want to like
- •Participle I as predicative
- •Participle I as part of a compound verbal predicate (Complex Subject)
- •Participle I as parenthesis
- •Participle II
- •Participle II as attribute
- •Participle II as part of complex object
- •1. Verbs of sense perception
- •2. Verbs of emotions to want to wish to desire to prefer to like
- •3. Verbs of causative meaning (побудительное значение)
- •4. Verbs of mental activity to consider to believe to understand
- •Task 24. Something unpleasant happened to each of these people last week. Make up sentences using ‘have something done’. Follow the example.
- •Suggested answers
- •What she though: I will my clothes / mend there
- •Task 30. Underline the right answer to the question about the sentences given below.
- •Participle II as part of a compound verbal predicate (Complex Subject)
- •Participle II as a predicative
- •Participial constructions
- •The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •Misrelated participles
- •General revision of verbals
- •A case of the snakes!
- •Grab the chance
Adverbial Modifier of Manner and Attendant Circumstances
It is one of the most typical uses of Participle I, in general, and the main grammatical meaning of non-perfect Participle I. Participle I denotes some action or event parallel to the action or state denoted by the main verb, e.g.
The strange tall man stood up and left the room, closing the door behind him with a bang.
The boy stood silently, not looking either at the headmaster or at the teachers sitting at the table.
Adverbial Modifier of Condition and Concession
Participle I in the functions of adverbial modifiers or condition and concession are rare and are recognized only in context.
TASK 5. Sort out the sentences below into the corresponding column of the table. The first one is done for you.
Adverbial Modifier |
Number of the sentence |
Time |
1, |
Reason (cause) |
|
Manner and attendant circumstances |
|
Comparison |
|
Concession |
|
Having said all he wanted to say, the general turned to the map of the battle field.
Tessa looked at me as though seeing me for the first time.
Being slightly embarrassed, Terry moved to the other side of the sofa.
Not knowing if John had seen her brother or not and if he knew the truth, Bella didn’t know what to say.
Grandma’s fingers were constantly moving as if knitting an invisible shawl.
Carrying a suitcase in either hand, the boy stepped to the platform where he was already being waited for by his uncle.
Intending to wait by the gate, I slowly walked down the drive away from the house.
Flushing darkly, Mary looked at the picture Stuart had given to her and quickly gave it back.
Walking to the edge of the verandah, Edward leaned over and looked intently into the magic of the night.
Hailing the taxi, Peter didn’t stop talking to me without noticing that I was not listening to him.
Writing to Mary, I always sent regards to her parents.
The little boy walked along the alley, whistling a joyful tune.
Mrs. Barnaby sighed heavily, as if regretting what she had done.
Not having received Mike’s letter, she sent him a telegram.
The girl continued to sit still, as if waiting for something.
Being pressed for time, I couldn’t even have breakfast.
Martha paused as if waiting for Robert to answer.
Though rapidly balding, Mr. Stout took more care of his hair than usual.
A week later I returned from school and found the house empty, my mother being at the shops.
TASK 6. Paraphrase the sentences given below, replacing the adverbial clauses by the necessary form of participle I. Follow the example.
Example. I didn’t know where to go. So I turned back. = Not knowing where to go, I turned back.
After the doctor had forbidden me to go out, I had to stay at home for a week. = Having been forbidden by the doctor to go out, I had to stay at home for a week.