VIII. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. What are general functions of any managerial system?

2. Why is managing a hard job?

3. What does the term "management" mean?

Вариант №14

I. I. Перепишите предложения, раскрыв скобки, поставьте глагол в требуемом времени и залоге. Выпишите глаголы и укажите их видовременную форму.

When I was a little boy I (to smoke) cigarettes occasionally. I (to stop) smoking completely before I (to reach) the age of ten. Of course we (not to sell) cigarettes at any of the shops, so my brother (to steal) them from my father's pocket while he (to sleep). At that time my father (to smoke) more than thirty cigarettes a day, but one day when he (to notice) that a couple of cigarettes (to disappear) from the pocket, he said that he (to count) them next time. After that we (to buy) cigarettes from time to time but a few months later we (to lose) interest and I never (to smoke) ever since.

II. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

One afternoon ... old gentleman was walking along ... Park Street. ... shops were crowded with ... shoppers. Some of ... shoppers were looking at ... things in ... shop windows. Suddenly ... old man saw ... little dirty boy sitting on ... pavement and crying bitterly.

III. Вставьте правильный предлог или послелог, где необходимо.

James is coming back ... school ... next Monday and his mother has asked me to explain ... the teacher the reason ... his absence. Though he recovered ... his flu ... last week, the doctor told his mother to keep him ... school ... a couple of days.

IV. Составьте предложения, расположив слова в нужном порядке.

1. time/see/brother/that/I/at/only/to/my/was/the/person/wanted.

2. make/it/moon/be/the/tourist/when/to/regular/will/possible/to/trips?

3. cup/after/there/like/good/a/hard/nothing/tea/of/day/is/a.

V. Переведите на английский язык слова, данные в скобках.

1. I've never seen (такие) high mountains.

2. The red dress is (xyme) than the blue one.

3. You can't believe everything she says, (не так ли?)

4. The little boy was (напуган) by the look of the big dog.

5. Where did you (учился) to play the guitar? 6.1 said I could (сводить) him to the theatre.

7. It doesn't (делает) any difference now.

8. Oh, here you are! And where are (другие) boys?

VI. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. a) Neither of the two boys spoke no German.

b) No one of the two boys spoke German.

c) Neither of the two boys spoke German.

2. a) There isn't any other way to do it. b) There isn't any another way to do it.

c) There isn't no other way to do. it,

VII. Прочитайте текст и письменно переведите 1,2,3-й абзац.

THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN BANKING

When did the first bank appear? Both the Old French word banque and the Italian word banca were used centuries ago to mean a «money-changer's table».

In Greece and Rome more than 2000 years ago the first bankers were money- changing institutions, situated usually at a table or in a small shop in the commercial district, aiding travellers who. came to town by exchanging foreign coins for local money or discounting commercial notes for free.

The first bankers probably used their own capital to fund their activities, but it was not long before the idea of attracting deposits and securing temporary loans from wealthy customers became the important source of bank funding. Loans were men made to merchants, shippers, and landowners at rates of interest as low as 6 percent per annum to as high as 48 percent a month for the riskiest ventures! Most of the early banks of any size were Greek in origin. :

The development of new overland trade routes and improvements in navigation in the 15, 16. and 17 centuries gradually shifted the center of world commerce from the Mediterranean region to northern and western Europe, where banking became a leading industry.

When colonies were established in North and South America, Old World banking practices were transferred to the New World. At first the colonists dealt primarily with established banks in the countries from which they had come. As the 19 century began, however, state governments in the United States began chartering banking companies. The development of large, professionally managed banking firms was cantered in a few leading commercial centers, especially New York.