VIII. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. What are basic ingredients of the US?

2. What does the strong emphasis place on in the US?

3. What determines the health of the economy?

Вариант №6

I. Перепишите предложения, раскрыв скобки, поставьте глагол в требуемом времени и залоге. Выпишите глаголы и укажите их видовременную форму.

Dear Ann,

I (to write) to you because I hope that you will help me. If you (to answer) my letter as soon as you can I (to be) grateful to you.

A strange thing (to happen) to me yesterday. You of course know my friend George. He (to move) to a new flat recently. We (to meet) in 1987 and (to be) friends ever since.

I (to invite) to his housewarming party a few days ago. The thing is that when I (to speak) to him on the phone, the doorbell (to ring) I (to hang) up and when I returned the paper with his address on it (to disappear). So I don't know where he lives. May be you can help me.

II. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

It was ... beautiful day although there, were ... few clouds in the sky. We went for ... walk by ... sea and then decided to visit ... Johnsons, who live next to ... Lake Erewash. As we had left … car by ... hotel we were staying at we went there by train. We had ... dinner at their place and had ... very enjoyable time.

III. Вставьте правильный предлог или послелог, где необходимо.

1. It doesn't matter... me if we go out ... dinner or eat at home.

2. We are going ... holiday ... next month and I am looking forward ... it. 3.1 apologized ... Ann ... keeping her late.

IV. Составьте предложения, расположив слова в нужном порядке.

1. think/will/time/for/be/dinner/you/do/you/today/in?

2. most/thing/her/future/children/of/worried/only/that/was/the/her.

3. hope/here/bus/three/the/in/minutes/be/I/will.

V. Переведите на английский язык слова, данные в скобках.

1 .You are not going (никуда) until you finish doing your homework.

2. At present he is (делает) excellent progress learning to be a programmer.

3. Can you stay here (немного) longer?

4. He never (одалживает) anything from other people.

5. It would be (намного) quicker to get there by car. 6.1 haven't heard from him (в последнее время).

7. She's got (такие) beautiful green eyes.

8. - He refused to speak at the meeting. - I (тоже).

VI. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. a) The old man's clothes was torn. b) The old man's clothes were torn.

c) The old man's clothes is torn. 2. a) We'll be glad if we are allowed to take the exams earlier,

b) We'll be glad if we'll be allowed to take the exams earlier,

c) Well be glad if we'll allow to take the exams earlier.

VII. Прочитайте текст и письменно переведите 1 и 2-й абзац.

PLANNED ECONOMIES

Planned economies are sometimes called «command economies» because the state commands the use of resources (such as labour and factories) that are used to produce goods and services as it owns factories, land and natural resources. Planned economies are economies with a large amount of central planning and direction, when the government takes all the decisions, the government decides production and consumption. Planning of this kind is obviously very difficult, very complicated to do, and the result is that there is no society, which is completely a command economy. The actual system-employed varies from state to state, but command or planned economies have a number of common features.

Firstly, the state decides precisely what the nation is to produce. It usually plans five years ahead. It is the intention of the planners that there should be enough goods and services for all.

Secondly, industries are asked to comply with these plans and each industry and factory is set a production target to meet. If each factory and farm meets its target, then the state will meet its targets as set out in the five-year plans. You could think of the factory and farm targets to be objectives which, if met, allow the nation's overall aim to be reached.

A planned economy is simple to understand but not simple to operate. It does, however, have a number of advantages.

• Everyone in society receives enough goods and services to enjoy a basic standard of living.

• Nations do not waste resources duplicating production.

• The state can use its control of the economy to .divert resources to wherever it wants. As a result, it can ensure that everyone receives a good education, proper health care or that transport is available.

Several disadvantages also exist. It is these disadvantages that have led to many nations abandoning planned economies over recent years:

• There is no incentive for individuals to work hard in planned economies.

• Any profits that are made are paid to the government.

• Citizens cannot start their own businesses and so new ideas rarely come forward.

• As a result, industries in planned economies can be very inefficient.