33) Subclasses of pronoun

Personal-names of people/things(common case I you they, obj case me him) subjective-when personis subject, inclusive/exclusive «we»-whether audience is included, emphatic-re-emphasize noun/pronoun that has been mentioned (I did it myself);

Objective-when person is object (John likes me) – direct/indirect (Mary loves him-direct obj, She sent him a letter-inderect object), reciprocal-refer to reciprocal relationship (They like each other), reflexive-person acts on itself (John made it himself).

Prepositional-after preposition. (Anna looked at him)

Possessive-indicate possession, can act as nouns (Pencil is mine)

Demonstrative – disting particular objects that are referred to from other possible candidates (I will take these)

Indefinite – refer to general categories of people/things (Anyone can do that)- distributive-refer to members of a group separately rather than collectively (To each his own), negative-indicate non-existence of people/things (Nobody thinks that).

Relative – refer back to people previously mentioned (Man who save us) – indefinite relative-have sense of referring back but person to which they refer has not previously been named (I know what I like)

Interrogative-ask which person or thing is ment (Who did that?).

34) Morph characteristics of pronoun

Structure of pronoun can be Simple-comprises only one stem (I, you, all, some);Compound-more than one stem(myself, somebody, nothing);Composite-the form of a phrase(each other, one another). Pronouns can have category of; number (I-we, this-these); case (somebody-somebody's); some have pattern of their own (he-him); person and gender distinctions-(personal pronouns), others-no case distinction at all. They also have special forms to distinguish between animate and inanimate objects-personal pronouns(he,she/it), possessive(himself/itself), conjunctive(who-what), relative(who-which), interrogative (who-what).

35) Syntactical properties of pronoun. Combinability, syntactical function.

Syntactic peculiarities of pronouns are accounted for by the fact that the pronoun is very close in its syntactic functions to those of the noun and the adjective. Hence, the main functions it performs are the ones of the subject, the predicative, the object, and the attribute. The anaphoric function, or the function of connecting with the preceding sentence or clause, is characteristic of relative and conjunctive pronouns though it may be occasionally performed by the other subclasses. Some pronouns combine with verbs (he speaks, find him), others can also combine with following noun (this room), in sentence some pronouns can be subject (he, what) or object, while others are the attribute (my). They also can be predicatives. Semantics: are not notional words in the true meaning of the word; their meaning is derived from the antecedent or the situation. They are words used instead of a noun (he, she, it, they), an adjective (his, her, its, their; this/these), a numeral (many, much, few, several, some), and an adverb (here, there, thus). Can also be treated as determiners, or restrictors (similar to articles) or performers of textual functions of connectives. Combinability and Function: those of Nouns and Adjectives.