Перевод субъектного инфинитивного оборота

Modern construction is said to meet the growing demands of the dwellers.	Говорят, что современное строительство удовлетворит растущие потребности населения.
The programme appeared to be adopted.	Оказалось, программу приняли.
The country’s exports are likely to increase.	Экспорт страны, вероятно, возрастет.

Глаголы, с которыми употребляется сложное подлежащее

a) в страдательном залоге	b)в действительном залоге	c) to be + прилагательное
to be expected-ожидаться to be supposed - предполагаться to be considered -считаться to be understood- считаться etc.	to seem- казаться to appear- видимо, казаться to prove/to turn out - оказываться to chance – случаться etc.	to be likely - вероятно; похоже на то, что to be unlikely- маловероятно to be sure - несомненно to be certain -обязательно etc.

Exercise 35. Find the proper translation of English sentences with the Complex Subject.

1. The writer is said to have published his book.

a. Писатель сказал, что он опубликовал свою книгу.

b. Писателю сказали, что он опубликовал свою книгу.

c. Говорят, что писатель опубликовал свою книгу.

2. This question is likely to be discussed at the meeting.

a. Этот вопрос, как и другие, будет обсуждаться на собрании.

b. Вероятно, этот вопрос будет обсуждаться на собрании.

c. Этот вопрос будет обсуждаться на собрании.

3. She didn’t appear to have heard the report.

a. Ей кажется, что она не слышала доклада.

b. Кажется, она не слышала доклада.

c. Она не появилась, когда читали доклад.

4. The case is known to be serious.

a. Известно, что это дело серьезное.

b. Надо, чтобы это серьезное дело стало известным.

c. Это известное и серьезное дело.

5. He is said to be sent abroad very often.

a. Он говорит, что его очень часто отправляют за границу.

b. Говорят, что его очень часто отправляют за границу.

c. Говорят, что его очень часто посылали за границу.

6. Some foreign delegations seem to have arrived in Moscow.

a. Кажется, несколько иностранных делегаций прибыло в Москву.

b. Казалось, что несколько иностранных делегаций прибудет в Москву.

c. Несколько иностранных делегаций прибыло в Москву.

7. She didn’t appear to have solved the problem

a. Ей кажется, что она не решила эту проблему.

b. Кажется, она не разрешила эту проблему.

c. Она не появилась для того, чтобы решить эту проблему.

Exercise 36. Read and translate the following sentences. Analyze the use of the Complex Subject.

1. The force of any economic plan is known to lie in the reality of the tasks and ways leading to their fulfilment. 2. Many foreign delegates appeared to know Russian. 3. This important problem is sure to be settled very soon. 4. He is likely to be given this work. 5. The problem appears to have been mentioned frequently. 6. The centre of the­atrical activity in Britain is considered to be in London where there are some 30 main theatres in the West End and several more in the suburbs. 7. Television proves to be the most important and influen­tial form of entertainment. 8. We are certain to finish this work today. 9. He happened to be there. 10. She did not appear to be surprised at this news. 11. It seemed simpler to call than to ask him to visit me. 12. The appointment is likely to be arranged tomorrow.

Exercise 37. Practise the following according to the models.

Model 1: A. You asked him the time. Was this part of a plan?

B. No, I just happened to ask him the time.

You…

1. were in the phone box when I passed. Were you watching me? 2. looked at your watch. Was this a signal of some kind? 3. gave him a lift. Was this part of a plan? 4. traveled on the same train as Peter. Was this part of a plan? 5. got out at the same station as Peter. Was this part of a plan? 6. waved at Jack. Was this a signal? 7. sat at the same table as Jack. Was this part of a plan?

Model 2: A. You were looking out of the window when I passed.

Was this part of a plan?

B. No, I just happened to be looking out of the window.

You…

1. were sitting by the window when I passed. Were you watching me? 2. were leaning against your gate when I passed. Were you watching me? 3. were waiting for a bus when I passed. Was this part of a plan? 4. were standing in your doorway when I passed. Were you watching me? 5. were wearing dark glasses when I saw you. Was this part of a plan?

Exercise 38. Practise the following according to the models.

Model 1: A, He avoids people.

B. Well, he seems to avoid people.

He…

1.is afraid of someone. 2. suspects everyone. 3. distrusts his neighbours. 4. prefers to be alone. 5. thinks he is in danger. 6. wishes to avoid us. 7. lives on pills. 8. eats very little. 9. works at night. 10. reads a lot.

Model 2: A. He doesn’t watch television.

B. Well, he seems to be watching it today.

He doesn’t usually…

1. help his wife. 2. play with the children. 3. bring his wife flowers. 4. talk to his mother-in-law. 5. do the shopping. 6. quarrel with his neighbours. 7. walk to work. 8. type himself letters. 9. eat out..

Model 3 : A. Do you remember his name?

B. No, I don’t seem to remember his name.

1. Do you follow my point? 2. Does she have differences with her colleagues on the matter? 3. Has she made enough copies of the agenda? 4. Does the system you introduced work? 5. Do you have a key to this suit-case? 6. Does he remember the items of the contract? 7. Do you think these measures are well-timed?

Exercise 39. Practise the following according to the models.

Model: He may(not) come soon.

He is likely (unlikely) to come soon.

1. He may not follow my recommendations. 2. I think the secretary will not argue with our boss. 3. The position of cotton as raw mate­rial for the production of different items may grow stronger 4. You may miss the beginning of the performance. 5. They may allow a 15% discount off the price for the order over 1 000 Can D. 6. The country's exports will increase. 7. The total investment in the country's manufacturing industry, mining, hotels, etc. may exceed half a billion dollars. 8. The imports of semi-manufactured goods and some raw materials will increase. 9. I think the volume of import won't change this year.

Model 2: It is likely that the country's exports will increase.

The country's exports are likely to increase.

1. It seemed that the talks went on too long. 2. It is believed that Mr. Ali has arrived in Moscow. 3. It seems that the experiment is a failure 4. They say Richard is the best manager in the company. 5. I think Edna was acquainted with the President running the bank. 6. They say that the natural gas pipeline will cost ten million dollars. 7. It seemed that the director sensed the purpose of their arrival. 8. I thought that Jean was good at writing shorthand. 9.It seemed that the officer did not notice the visitor. 10. It is expected that the government will lose the election.

Exercise 40. Practise the following according to the models.

Model 1: I'll visit the British Museum. ( to be in London).

I'll visit the British Museum if I happen to be in London.

1. I'll order that famous Chinese duck. (to go to Peking restaurant) 2. You'll be fined. (to exceed the speed limit) 3. They'll try to see all the historical places. (to go on tour to Kiev) 4. She'll be happy to entertain you and your guest. (to be in Moscow) 5. He'll have to arrange everything for the sightseeing tour. (to go to St Petersburg)

Model 2 : the new secretary (to be helpful)

The new secretary proved (turned out) to be helpful.

1. the interview with those people (to be successful). 2. the briefing (to be useful). 3. the party (to be entertaining). 4. the charges at the hotel (to be reasonable). 5. the conversation (to be rather unpleasant). 6. the talks (to be fruitless).

Exercise 41. Paraphrase to use the Complex Subject with the verbs given in brackets. Mind the form of the infinitives.

Model: The value increases. (assume)

The value is assumed to increase.

1. The monetary policy has become basically another means to accel­erate the concentration and centralization of capital. (prove) 2. Modern construction in the countryside meets the needs of comprehensive economic development on the farm. (seem) 3. The total cost of the programme has reached $1.2 million. (report) 4. Co-operation be­tween the two countries covers various spheres of economic activity. (understand) 5. This co-operation has given a fresh powerful impetus to trade. (certain) 6. The small workshops scattered around the country employ about three million persons.(estimate) 7. Copper mines existed in Azerbaijan and Georgia in the 3 ^rd-4^th millen­nia B.C. (know) 8. Our country has helped to build centres for train­ing national medical personnel in developing countries. (report) 9. The world output and consumption of oil products have been in­creasing at a high rate. (know) 10. The Bratsk hydroelectric power station has already repaid four times the money invested in it. (estimate)

Exercise 42. Translate the following sentences into English using the Complex Subject.

1. Опыт оказался удачным. 2. Этот молодой менеджер, по-видимому, хорошо знает свои обязанности. 3. Полагают, что эта рукопись написана в XV веке. 4. При этих условиях выпуск продукции, вероятно, возрастет. 5. Маловероятно, что письмо дойдет до него завтра. 6. Он, несомненно, вернется. 7. Кажется, они закончили свою работу, 8. Ожидают, что представители за­казчика приедут завтра. 9. Вероятно, эти запасные части доста­вят немедленно. 10. Известно, что нефть является одной из ос­новных статей экспорта.

Exercise 43. Read and translate the following text. Analyze the use of the Com­plex Object and the Complex Subject.

How to Shop

by G. Mikes

In America, just as in England, you see the same shops with the same boards and windows in every town and village.

Shopping, however, happens to be an art of its own and you have to learn slowly where to buy various things. If you are hungry, you go to the chemist's. A chemist's shop is called a drug-store in the United States. It is a national institution, and a very good institution at that. In the larger drug-stores you are likely to get drugs, too, but their main business consists of selling stationery, candy, toys, braces, belts, fountain pens, furniture and imitation jewellery. Every drug-store has a food counter with high stools in front of it and there they serve various juices, coffee, sundaes, ice-cream, sandwiches, omelettes and other dishes.

If you want cigarettes, you are expected to go to the grocer; if you want to have your shoes cleaned, go to the barber, if you want a ra­dio, go to a man's shop, if you want a suit-case, go to the chemist's. On the other hand if you want to send a telegram, avoid the post of­fice, because telegrams are sure to be handled by private companies.

Whatever you buy, it may be exchanged later for something in the same shop. This seems to be a great pastime with the Americans. A great many people do not really buy things — they only want them to be exchanged later for something else.

Exercise 44. Work in pairs or in small groups using the Complex Object or the Complex Subject to express advice, suggestion, choice. Discuss what one can buy

at the ready-made clothes department; at the hosiery department; at the millinery department; at the footwear department; at the knitted goods department.

“FOR-PHRASES” WITH INFINITIVES

for

cуществительное (общий п.) / местоимение (именительный п.)

инфинитив