Вариант 2

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям. (см. образец выполнения 1).

1. Two prisoners were thought to have escaped.

2. I arranged for sandwiches and coffee to be sent in for the clerks.

3. Jim was the last to be told the news.

2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).

1. Having lived here for seven years, my friend is used to speaking English.

2. I like to read books describing the life of well-known writers.

3. There are ten executive departments under the US President, the head of these departments forming a council known as the President’s Cabinet.

3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений. (см. образец выполнения 3).

1. If you come late they won’t let you in.

2. If he worked more slowly he wouldn’t make so many mistakes.

3. He would have been arrested if he had tried to leave the country.

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту

1. court of appeal -	апелляционный суд
2. sue or be sued -	выступать в суде в качестве истца или ответчика
3. superior court -	высший (верховный ) суд
4. tier -	ряд, ярус

COURT SYSTEM IN THE USA

1. The American court system is complex. It functions as part of the federal system of government. Each state runs its own court system, and no two are identical. The federal courts coexist with the state courts.

2. The federal courts were provided for in the US constitution on the theory that the judicial power of the federal government could not be entrusted to the states, many of which were jealous of the powers necessary for a strong national government. The states were left free to establish their own judicial systems subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal courts, and to Article VI of the Constitution declaring the judges of the state courts to be bound by the Constitution and the laws and treaties of the US.

3. Individuals fall under the jurisdiction of two different court systems, the state courts and federal courts. They can sue or be sued in either system, depending mostly on what their case is about. The vast majority of cases are resolved in the state courts.

4. The federal courts are organised in three tiers, like a pyramid. At the bottom of the pyramid there are the US district courts, where litigation begins. Judges of district courts are appointed for life by the president with the approval of the Senate. In the middle there are the US courts of appeals, exercising appellate jurisdiction over the district courts. At the top there is the US. Supreme Court, which is the highest appellate tribunal in the country and is a court of original jurisdiction according to the Constitution «in all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State Shall be a Party».

5. To appeal means to take a case to a higher court. The courts of appeals and the Supreme Court are appellate courts, with few exceptions; they review cases that have been decided in lower courts. Most federal courts hear and decide a wide array of cases; the judges in these courts are known as generalists.

5. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What does «to appeal» mean?