If you feel that you have the qualities to fulfil the above criteria and wish to join a
fast growing and progressive company, please forward your CV indicating your
present salary and including a daytime telephone number to Nicki Kelland,
Personnel Manager, at the address below.
No calls or agencies please. Closing date 07/11/97.
Innovation Centre. 225 Marsh Wall, London E14 9FX
Л DIVISION OF VISUAL-COMMUNICATIONS GROUP
Task 1.26. Now select the job for which you could apply and answer the following questions:
What company would you like to work for?
What educational background is needed?
In what country (city, area, district) will you work?
How long will the working day last?
What salary is proposed?
Is knowledge of a foreign language important?
What information about yourself must you send to the employer?
Engineering profession
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Task 1.27. Read the text and discuss it with your fellow students:
ENGINEERING PROFESSION
Engineering is a science of applying knowledge of properties of matter and natural sources of the energy to practical problems of industry. It deals with different things: design and manufacture of tools and machines, cars and trains, equipment for communication and computing, generation and distribution of electricity, X-ray machines and life-support systems, roads and bridges, building of houses and all the services we need in our homes, at work and in many other places. This occupation is very ancient. The first toolmaker who managed to do a wheel, the craftsmen who built Egyptian pyramids were the forerunners of modem engineers. But until the nineteenth century all those generally were craftsmen or project organisers, who learned their skills through apprenticeship, or trial and error. As a result of the Industrial Revolution and great increase in scientific knowledge, engineering has grown into a profession of higher level. A profession is one of a limited number of occupations or vocations involving special learning and carrying a certain social prestige.
Nowadays such occupations like law, medicine or engineering require specialised advanced education. Many people spend years studying at universities to gain these professions. One of such universities which offers an extensive range of opportunities for those who want to gain the engineering profession is "Lviv Polytechnic" National University. It is a modem educational, scientific, technical and cultural centre in Western Ukraine which is entering the European and world scene of scientific integration. Curriculum programs at the University are realised at 13 Institutes training students for their professional careers.
, The programs have been based on experience of the best universities and institutes of technology of the world. According to them, not only Specialists but Bachelors and Masters are trained here. A Bachelor’s degree requires four years, a Specialist’s degree five years and a Master’s degree requires a further year of studying.
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The University students undergo a continual process of education, and study a lot of different subjects. In the first two years mathematics, physics, chemistry, history, foreign languages and other general subjects are emphasised throughout the curriculum. Mathematics is very important not only for the future engineers but also for economists, managers, social workers, so it is paid much attention to. Because computers and automation have already changed the way we work and what we do, and are now changing the world in which we work, and because there is hardly a branch of engineering which can do without computers, computer programming is now included in almost all engineering curricula.' As the systems that engineers produce must be workable not only from a technical but also from an economic and social points of view, a current trend is to require students to take courses in social sciences, economics and languages. Engineers must accommodate their ideas to the financial realities of a project, they must have a good command of language to be able to prepare reports or to sum up their findings for scientific publications.
Those who are doing scientific research must be able to read foreign publications in their subject areas. The aim of the last two years of studying is to equip the students with skills and knowledge within their field of specialisation. For example, the curricula for students of the Economics and Management Institute include the following disciplines: marketing, personnel management, human resource management, business administration and others; students of the Institute of Theoretical Mechanics and Transport study theoretical mechanics, strength of materials, computer aided design, etc.
All University specialised courses and research programmes are designed to provide the highest quality, up-to-date training and experience possible. Employment opportunities exist in different spheres. Professional engineers, trained at the University may work as design engineers, creating new products, products installation engineers installing the new equipment, or production engineers ensuring the efficient production process. Some engineers may also work as sale engineers, and those concerned with electrical grids, power stations, automobiles and other machines may work as maintenance engineers. Graduates of the Institute of Economics and Management find employment in management, and specialists in architecture and arts can work in architectural or construction companies.
In other words, specialists in engineering may work almost in all spheres of industry and social life, and their profession is not only very old, but it is one of the up-to-date occupations as well.
ENGINEERING PROFESSION
25
Task 1.28. Study the letter of application for employment, and answer the questions given below it:
400 Haggerty Road San Francisco, CA 94105
May 16, 2002 Mr. John Moot Finson (UK) LTD 103-105 Crawford Street London W 1H1AN
Dear Mr. Moot,
I am writing because of your advertisement in the Sunday issue of The Guardian. I want to apply for a product manager in your company. My work experience as information systems manager in Bromley College and my work in the USA should be of value to the project. My credentials include:
Employment as information systems manager in Bromley college (UK) for 2 years. (Ref. Ph. Dennell, Technical Group Supervisor)
Employment as multimedia programmer with Human Resources Department in San Francisco (USA). I was responsible for maintaining and developing the physical resources required to produce multimedia learning materials as well as developing and maintaining the Internet / Intranet sites.
My future goals include desire to advance in the area of technical management in Great Britain. If this is possible. I can be reached at tel. 123-456 during the afternoon and evening.
Sincerely, ; Ian Bennett
Questions:
Where does the applicant live?
What company would he like to work for?
How did he learn about the vacancy?
What post would he like to hold in the company?
Where did the applicant work before?
Does the letter contain any information about the educational background of the applicant?
Task 1.29. Write a letter of application for one of the posts advertised in Task 24.
You need to know that:
• the letter usually is only one page long and has four main sections:
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UnitI
a. the heading, including the writer’s address, the reader’s address, the date;
b. the paragraph which introduces you and your reason for writing;
с the paragraph which gives the most relevant information about your experiences; d. a closing paragraph asking for an interview, providing your telephone number, hours you may be reached or other data.
Task 1.30. Read the given instructions how to write a resume and compile a resume of your own:
RESUME
A resume is a written summary of your personal, educational and professional qualifications. It should appeal to the employer and tell what you can do for him/her. The content of any resume is supposed to be detailed enough, but brief (usually not exceeding one-two pages in length). Parts of a resume:
Heading: Place your name and contact information at the top.
Objective: write a short (1-2 sentence) summary about your professional goals as it relates to the job.
Education: Include school and university names, dates of attendance and grades (if they are very high). Describe your major fields and how they relate to the job you are seeking. Work experience: Indicate type of job, employer, location, dates of employment. Describe your duties and point out leadership roles and qualifications. Languages and other skills: Communication skills, computer Uteracy etc. are especially important to most employers.
Personal: Indicate your hobbies and kinds of leisure activities you are interested in and your mobility (readiness to go on business trips).
Here are some additional hints for writing a proper resume. Any resume is desirable to be typed on a good quality original paper. When writing a resume don’t use narrative form. Make section divisions clear and highlight the most important aspects first.
Task 1.31. Read the text and find answers to the questions given below:
WORKING IN THE PATENT INDUSTRY
Patents are considered to be a barometer of a country’s economic prosperity, as most technological developments are intended to make life better - be it through increased profits, reduced pollution or improved medical instruments. Though there are still inventions concerned with killing people and destroying their environment.
The earliest-known patent was granted in 1449 for a method of making stained glass (кольорове/ вйражне скло). In recent years there has been a sudden rush of patent applications in genetic engineering and anti-theft (security) devices. Patents provide inventors with a monopoly to make, use or sell their new product or manufacturing process.
Engineering profession
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Working with patents means that you are at the leading edge of technology and see what is going to be on the market in a few years. You have to deal with fantastic ideas and eccentric people. So the job requires patient and highly-qualified specialists. In the patent industry you may work either as a patent agent (агент/посередник патентознавець) or a patent examiner (обстежувач патентознавець). Patent agents are employed by inventors to guide them through the patent registration. But drafting patent applications is only one aspect of the agent’s job. He or she also advises companies on all areas of intellectual property including trademarks, design rights and copyright. The agent does his best to obtain as wide a monopoly as is commercially justified.
Patent examiners are employed by the Government-run Patent Office. Their function is to make sure whether the invention is really new and the application is legal and technically sound (техшчно правильний). Besides, they try, in the public interest, to limit the inventor’s monopoly. This monopoly has to be expressed in words, i.e. in the form of a report (specification) prepared by the inventor or his patent agent. The examiner must read the description and imagine what the monopoly could possibly cover. To help in the assessment, the examiner has to look through a lot of documents and a huge computer database concerning past patent applications to see whether there is anything similar to the invention he or she is dealing with. Then the examiner must send a report on her/his findings to the inventor or the inventor’s patent agent. The patent examiner must be a good detective and have a profound knowledge of the law.
Both agents and examiners should have higher education in the field of science and engineering and they need similar qualities: an analytical mind and ability to write clearly. They need to be precise and well-organized because everything depends on detail. Knowledge of at least one foreign language is an advantage. Examiners are trained mainly on-the-job (в nporjeci роботи), while agents face several years of exams before they qualify. However, this hard work is adequately rewarded: patent agents working in private practice usually earn about twice as much as agents working for a company and much more than government-employed examiners.
Adapted from The Guardian. Questions:
What is the purpose of most technological developments?
When was the earliest-known patent registered?
What rights does a patent provide an inventor with?
Whom are patent agents employed by?
What do patent agents do?
Where do patent examiners work?
What do patent examiners do?
What abilities should people working in the patent industry have?
How are examiners trained?
What should one do in order to qualify as a patent agent?
Which category of employees working in the patent industry is the most highly-paid one?
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uniti
Task 1.32. Read the application letter and talk about the applicant:
31 North Road London WE685
21st September 20_ Box# 1513 The Times London EC 437
Dear Sirs,
With reference to your advertisement in the September 20 issue of The Times, I should like you to consider me for a position as a department secretary.
I beUeve that I have the skills you are looking for, as I graduated from Chapel Secretarial College five years ago. I am well qualified in shorthand and typing. In addition to having previous experience in all kinds of office work, I am familiar with personnel management and have a fairly good command of French and Spanish.
I would be grateful if you could discuss my qualifications for beginning a career with your organisation. I am free to visit your office for an interview at any time convenient for you. Please phone me any afternoon between 3 and 7 p.m. at 919-2613 to let me know the day and time.
I look forward to hearing from you in the nearest future.
Yours faithfully, Ann Palmer (Mrs)
Enclosure
Now complete the sentences using suggested words and translate them into Ukrainian:
With reference to (Посилаючись на...)..., I should Uke ... a) your advertisement for a sales manager; you to consider me for this position; b) your invitation; you to give me more specific information about the terms of registration; c) your letter of 5 December; you to accept my apologies for keeping you waiting for the information.
I would like to apply for ... a) the position as a sales representative; b) the participation in the conference; c) a place at the university.
I believe that I have the skills you are looking for as ... , as I ... a) an administrative assistant; recently I have completed the course in business administration; b) a software engineer; I have gained the Master's degree in computer sciences; c) a trainee technician; am studing at Lviv Polytechnic.
In addition to having previous experience in ... , I am familiar with ... a) compossng different types of documents; ;he computer rystem you use in your office;
Engineering profession
29
b) operating a computer; compiling programs; c) installation of equipment; maintenance and repair work.
I would be grateful if you could ... a) grant smb an interview; b) send smb an application form; c) ring smb up and fix the date of the meeting; d) give,smb further information about the salary and working conditions.
I am free ... at any time convenient for you. a) to visit smb’s office for an interview; b) to ring smb up; c) to meet smb.
7 I look forward to ... a) hearing from smb in the nearest future; b) meeting smb; c) calling smb.
Task 1.33. Discuss the following questions in small teams, write down the most interesting ideas and present them to the whole group after the discussion:
1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: a mathematician should have
two main qualities: sober mind and scientific imagination (creative thinking).
2. You want to persuade someone to study mathematics. What reasons would you give?
(Support your answer with specific details and examples).
Which do you prefer: algebra or geometry? Why?
Choose one of the following careers and explain why it is important to society:
mathematician; computer programmer; farmer; doctor; lawyer.
5. Your institute has enough money to purchase either computers for students or books
on mathematics for the library. Which would you recommend - computers or books? Use specific examples and arguments to support your opinion.
Task 1.34. Practice pronunciation of the vocabulary and translate the sentences containing it:
1. achieve - досягати - finish, accomplish, perform successfully,e.g. We've achieved what we set out to do,
achievement (n) - досягнення - something accomplished.
e.g. In the Internet you may find the information about the latest achievements in any field of science.
2. additional (adj)- додатковий- apart from smth already present, syn: extra,
supplementary, e.g. Qualification in social informatics requires additional training.
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Unitl
3. advanced (adj) - сучасний, досконалий - latest, more complex, improved in rank
and value, e.g. Much training is needed in order to possess advanced technical skills.
4. anticipate (v)- а) передбачати, передчувати- to have the previous view or
impression of, to foresee smth., e.g. Pythagoras anticipated modern discoveries of mathematical relashionships
within all things. b) - очшувати - to look forward to smth/doing smth., e.g. I anticipate the oncoming conference. anticipation (n) - передбачення, сподшання - previous view or impression of
what is to happen, instinctive prevision, looking forward to smth., e.g. We await the edition of the next volume of this encyclopaedia with keen
anticipation.
5. approach (n)- щцзид- a special way of dealing with or thinking about task,
problem or situation, e.g. There were several possible approaches to solution of this problem.
6. arrange (v) - а) домовлятись, узгоджувати - to fix or make practical plans for smth
to happen or to be done, e.g. We ’ve arranged to meet near the department of physics. b) приводи™ до ладу, впорядковувати) to put in proper order, e.g. He started to arrange the book in files. arrangement (n) - впорядкування, приготування - act of putting in an orderly
condition, the state of being put in order, e.g. The staff is working frantically on final arrangements for the summit. 1. assume (v) - а) припускати - to take as a fact; syn. to suppose, to presume e.g. It is a misconception to assume that two continents are similar. b) брати на себе - to undertake; take to or upon oneself, e.g. He assumed all the responsibility for the incident.
assumption (n) -припущення -the thing supposed, a postulate; syn. supposition e.g. Professor questioned the scientific assumption on which the global warming
theory is based.
8. circumscribe (v) - обводити, оточувати - to enclose within a certain limit syn. to
limit, restrict; to surround, e.g. He draw a triangle and then circumscribed it with a bold line.
9. compile (v) - укладати - to put together in a new form out of materials already
existing, e.g. It took him 8 years to compile the book. compilation (n) -укладання - act or process of compiling or gathering together
from various sources, e.g. There have been enormous advances in the compilation of data.
10. consider (v) - вважати, розглядати. - to think, have the opinion of smb, smth.,e.g. Mathematics is considered to be both the queen of sciences and the handyman
working for them.
Engiheemng profession
31
considerable (adjl- вагомий, значний- great in amount or degree; syn substantial,
e.g. A considerable progress is known to have been made in this field of scienceduring the twentieth century. • ,, ,.
11. curriculum (n) (pi curricula) -навчальна програма- all the different courses of
study that are taught at the university, e.g. All subjects offered by the university's curricula are obligatory.
12. declination (n) - а) магштне схилення- the angular distance of any object from
the celestial equator, either northward or southward. e.g. Astrolabe was the device that measured the declination of heavenly bodies
above the horizon. b) - вдаилення - act of deviating or turning aside, oblique motion; syn. deviation,
obliquity, withdrawal,
e.g. He noticed the declination of the needle of the compass.
13. determine (v) - визначити - decide, settle, discover as a result of investigation,e.g. My aim was first of all to determine what I should do next.determination (n)- визначення, встановлення - firm or resolute conduct or
purpose, e.g. We must take in to our own hands the determination of our future.
14. direction (n) - напрям - the general way in which smth. develops or progresses,e.g. He’s never done any sustained writing and that might be one of his next
directions.
15. discover (v) - вщкривати, вщнаходити - to show or make known smth. that has
been secret, unseen or unknown, e.g. They discovered how to form the image in a thin layer on the surface. discovery (n) - вщкриггя - a thing found out or for the first time ascertained or
recognised, e.g. Cloning is one of the most curious modem discoveries.
16. distinction (n)- розрзнення- act of distinguishing or denoting the differences
between objects or qualities, e.g. There are obvious distinctions between different branches of mathematics. distinct (adj) - р1зний, шший -syn different, individual, distinctive, e.g. Engineering and technology are the disciplines distinct from one another and
from science.
17. enterprise (n) - шдприемство - a company or business, often a small one,
e.g. Students take their practical training at planning departments of industrial enterprises.
18. essential (adj)- суттевий, головний- important in the highest degree; syn.