Offi-Guid-TOEFL

%RW[IVW )\TPEREXMSRW ERH 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW

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

0MQMXIH MR HIZIPSTQIRX ERH PEGOMRK ER] SVKERM^MRK TVMRGMTPI XLMW IWWE] MW WUYEVIP] MR XLI VERKI 8LI KIRIVEPM^EXMSRW QEHI EVI SRP] FEVIP] WYTTSVXIH 8LIVI EVI IVVSVW qTVIJIV XS WXE] [MXL XLIMV JEQMPMIW ERH FI HITIRHIH r qEWO ]SYV TEVIRXW EFSYX LIPTr FYX MX MW XLI PEGO SJ HIZIPSTQIRX ERH I\XVIQIP] YRGPIEV GSR RIGXMSRW FIX[IIR MHIEW q% PSX SJ ]SYRK EHYPXW MR Q] GSYRXV] HITIRH SJ XLIMV TEVIRXW 3JGEYWI XLI] GER HS [LEXIZIV XLI] [ERXr XLEX PMQMX XLMW IWWE] XS E WGSVI SJ

-R Q] STSMRMSR ]SYRK EHYPXW PMZI [MXL XLIMV JEQMPMIW PSRKIV XMQI MW FIXXIV XLER XLI] FIGSQI MRHITIRHIRX JVSQ XLIMV TEVIRXW FIGEYWI XLI] GER VIGMZI PMZMRK WYTTSVXW ERH EHZMWI JVSQ XLIMV TEVIRXW

7SQI ]SYRK EHYPXW [ERX PMZI F] XLIQWIPZIW IZIRXLSYKLX XLI] EVI RSX JMRERGMEP] MRHITIRHIRX 8LIVIJSVI XLIMV GVIHMX LMWXSV] MW HIWXSV]IH F] MVVIWTSRWMFPI TE]QIRXW *YXLIVQSVI [LIR XLI] LEZI XLIMV S[R JEQMP] XLIWI GVIHMX HIVQEKIW GEYWI XLIMV [SVWIWX JYXYVI

-J XLI] PMZI [MXL XLIMV JEQMP] XLI] GER KIX KVIEX EHZMWI JVSQ XLIMV JEQMP] [LS ORS[ XLIQ ZIV] [IPP *SV I\EQTPI [LIR XLI] EVI MR KVIEX HIRKIV WYXYEXMSR SRP] XLIMV JEQMP] GSQI XS VIWYGY XLIQ WS XLI] GER TVSXIGX XLIQ WIPJ

*SV XLIWI VIWSRW - XLMRO XLEX ]SYRK EHYPXW PMZI [MXL XLIMV JEQMPMIW JSV PSRK XMQI MW FIXXIV XLER XLI] FIGSQI MRHITIRHIRX UYMGOIVP]

1SVI HIZIPSTIH XLEX XLI EZIVEKI IWWE] [MXL E WGSVI SJ XLMW VIWTSRWI JEMPW XS IEVR E FIGEYWI MX GSRXEMRW WS QER] PERKYEKI IVVSVW qVIGIMZI PMZMRK WYTTSVXW r qUYMGOIVP]r ERH WIRXIRGIW XLEX SFWGYVI QIERMRK qXLIWI GVIHMX HIVQEKIW GEYWI XLIMV [SVWIWX JYXYVI r q SRP] XLIMV JEQMP] GSQI XS VIWYGY XLIQ WS XLI] GER TVS XIGX XLIQ WIPJr 8LIWI PERKYEKI [IEORIWWIW QEOI MX HMJJMGYPX JSV XLI VIEHIV XS YRHIVWXERH XLI MHIEW XLI [VMXIV XVMIW XS TVIWIRX

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

8LIWI HE]W QSWX SJ XLI ]SYRKW EHYPXW [ERXW XS PMZI MRHITIRHIRGI JVSQ XLIMV TEVIRXW -R Q] GEWI - [ERX XS PMZI MRHITIRHIRGI SRP] MR Q] GSPPIKI ]IEVW FIGEYWI -

FIPMIZ MR LIXVSKIRISYW JEQMP]

2S[EHE]W ]SYRK EHYPXW [ERX XS PMZI MRHITIRHIRGI FIGEYWI SJ TVMZEG] ERH WIGSRH VIEWSRW MW MJ XLI] PMZI MRHITIRHIRGI XLIR XLI] [MPP EPWS PIEVR XEOI GEVI SJ

XLIQWIPJ

8LMW IWWE] IWWIRXMEPP] VITIEXW XLI [VMXMRK TVSQTX X[MGI ERH XLIR FVMIJP] EHHVIWWIW XLI XEWO -X MW GLEVEGXIVM^IH F] YRHIVHIZIPSTQIRX [MXL ZIV] PMXXPI IPEFSVEXMSR 8LIVI EVI IVVSVW FYX MX MW XLI PEGO SJ HIZIPSTQIRX XLEX IEVRW XLMW IWWE] E WGSVI SJ

- LEZI PIEVRH E PSX SJ XMLRK WMRGI - GEQI XS XLI 9 7 % -X [EWRtX YRXMP - GEQI LIVI XLEX - RIZIV WITIVEXIH JVSQ Q] TEVIRXW -R LIVI RSX SRP] HMH - KEMR MRJSVQEXMSR IZIV]XLMRK FYX - EPWS JIPX PSZItW ZEPYI [LS M PSZIH

8LEXtW [L] - MRWMWXI XLEX ]SYRK EHYPXW LEZI XS PMZI [MXLSYX TEVIRXW

8LMW IWWE] JEMPW XS QEOI ER] GSLIVIRX TSMRXW ERH MW JMPPIH [MXL IVVSVW SJ PERKYEKI

ERH YWEKI 8LIWI [IEORIWWIW IEVR MX E WGSVI SJ

%YXLIRXMG 83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

R XLMW GLETXIV ]SY [MPP JMRH XLI WIGSRH SJ X[S EYXLIRXMG 83)*0 -&8 4VEG

-XMGI 8IWXW =SY GER XEOI XLI XIWX MR X[S HMJJIVIRX [E]W

F9WMRK XLI I&SSO XI\X ERH XLI RYQFIVIH EYHMS XVEGOW =SY GER VIEH XLVSYKL XLI XIWX UYIWXMSRW MR XLI JSPPS[MRK TEKIW QEVOMRK ]SYV ERW[IVW MR XLI WTEGIW TVSZMHIH 8S LIEV XLI PMWXIRMRK TSV XMSRW SJ XLI XIWX JSPPS[ MRWXVYGXMSRW XS TPE] XLI RYQFIVIH EYHMS XVEGOW MR XLI HS[RPSEHEFPI IPIGXVSRMG JMPIW

F9WMRK SRP] XLI HS[RPSEHEFPI IPIGXVSRMG JMPIW *SV E XIWX XEOMRK I\TIVMIRGI XLEX QSVI GPSWIP] VIWIQFPIW XLI EGXYEP 83)*0 M&8 ]SY GER XEOI XLMW WEQI XIWX SR ]SYV GSQTYXIV YWMRK XLI HS[R PSEHEFPI IPIGXVSRMG JMPIW 6IEHMRK TEWWEKIW ERH UYIWXMSRW [MPP ETTIEV SR WGVIIR ERH ]SY GER IRXIV ]SYV ERW[IVW F] GPMGOMRK SR XLI WTEGIW TVSZMHIH *SPPS[ MRWXVYGXMSRW XS LIEV XLI PMWXIRMRK TSV XMSRW SJ XLI XIWX

*SPPS[MRK XLMW XIWX ]SY [MPP JMRH ER %RW[IV /I] ERH WGSVMRK MRJSVQEXMSR =SY [MPP EPWS JMRH WGVMTXW JSV XLI PMWXIRMRK TSVXMSRW ;SVO SR ]SYV S[R XS VIZMI[ ER] UYIWXMSRW XLEX ]SY ERW[IV MRGSVVIGXP] 7LEVTIR ]SYV WOMPPW F] WIEVGLMRK XLI GSVVIWTSRHMRK VIEHMRK TEWWEKIW ERH PMWXIRMRK WGVMTXW JSV MRJSVQEXMSR XLEX WYTTSVXW XLI GSVVIGX ERW[IV

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

6)%(-2+

(MVIGXMSRW 8LMW WIGXMSR QIEWYVIW ]SYV EFMPMX] XS YRHIVWXERH EGEHIQMG TEWWEKIW MR )RKPMWL

8LI VIEHMRK WIGXMSR MW HMZMHIH MRXS WITEVEXIP] XMQIH TEVXW

1SWX UYIWXMSRW EVI [SVXL TSMRX FYX XLI PEWX UYIWXMSR JSV IEGL TEWWEKI MW [SVXL QSVI XLER TSMRX 8LI HMVIGXMSRW JSV XLI PEWX UYIWXMSR MRHMGEXI LS[ QER] TSMRXW ]SY QE] VIGIMZI

=SY [MPP RS[ FIKMR XLI 6IEHMRK WIGXMSR 8LIVI EVI XLVII TEWWEKIW MR XLI WIGXMSR =SY WLSYPH EPPS[ 1MRYXIW XS VIEH IEGL TEWWEKI ERH ERW[IV XLI UYIWXMSRW EFSYX MX =SY WLSYPH EPPS[ 1MRYXIW XS GSQTPIXI XLI IRXMVI WIGXMSR

%X XLI IRH SJ XLMW 4VEGXMGI 8IWX ]SYtPP JMRH ER ERW[IV OI] ERH MRJSVQEXMSR XS LIPT ]SY HIXIVQMRI ]SYV WGSVI

*))(-2+ ,%&-87 3* )%78 %*6-'%2 ,)6&-:36)7

&YJJEPS ^IFVEW [MPHIFIIWXW XSTM ERH 8LSQWSRt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tW KE^IPPIW IEX QYGL SJ XLIWI 8LI SXLIV XLVII WTIGMIW HMJJIV MR XLI TVSTSVXMSR SJ PS[IV PIEZIW ERH LMKLIV WXIQW XLEX XLI] IEX ^IFVEW IEX XLI QSWX WXIQ QEXXIV [MPHIFIIWXW IEX XLI QSWX PIEZIW ERH XSTM EVI MRXIVQIHMEXI

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

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

XLIMV KYXW 8LYW [LIR XLIVI MW SRP] E WLSVX WYTTP] SJ TSSV UYEPMX] JSSH XLI [MPHI FIIWX XSTM ERH KE^IPPI IRNS] ER EHZERXEKI 8LI] EVI VYQMRERXW ERH LEZI E WTIGMEP WXVYGXYVI XLI VYQIR MR XLIMV WXSQEGLW [LMGL GSRXEMRW QMGVSSVKERMWQW XLEX GER FVIEO HS[R XLI LEVH TEVXW SJ TPERXW *SSH TEWWIW SRP] WPS[P] XLVSYKL XLI VYQMRERXtW KYX FIGEYWI VYQMREXMRKhHMKIWXMRK XLI LEVH TEVXWhXEOIW XMQI 8LI VYQMRERX GSRXMRY EPP] VIKYVKMXEXIW JSSH JVSQ MXW WXSQEGL FEGO XS MXW QSYXL XS GLI[ MX YT JYVXLIV XLEX MW [LEX E GS[ MW HSMRK [LIR qGLI[MRK GYHr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

8LI SXLIV TEVX SJ XLI I\TPEREXMSR MW FSH] WM^I 0EVKIV ERMQEPW VIUYMVI QSVI JSSH XLER WQEPPIV ERMQEPW FYX WQEPPIV ERMQEPW LEZI E LMKLIV QIXEFSPMG VEXI 7QEPPIV ERMQEPW GER XLIVIJSVI PMZI [LIVI XLIVI MW PIWW JSSH TVSZMHIH XLEX WYGL JSSH MW SJ LMKL IRIVK] GSRXIRX 8LEX MW [L] XLI WQEPPIWX SJ XLI LIVFMZSVIW 8LSQWSRtW KE^IPPI PMZIW SR JVYMX XLEX MW ZIV] RYXVMXMSYW FYX XSS XLMR SR XLI KVSYRH XS WYTTSVX E PEVKIV ERMQEP &] GSRXVEWX XLI PEVKI ^IFVE PMZIW SR XLI QEWWIW SJ PS[ UYEPMX] WXIQ QEXIVMEP

8LI HMJJIVIRGIW MR JIIHMRK TVIJIVIRGIW PIEH MR XYVR XS HMJJIVIRGIW MR QMKVEXSV] LEFMXW 8LI [MPHIFIIWXW JSPPS[ MR XLIMV QMKVEXMSR XLI TEXXIVR SJ PSGEP VEMRJEPP 8LI SXLIV WTIGMIW HS PMOI[MWI &YX [LIR E RI[ EVIE MW JYIPIH F] VEMR XLI QEQQEPW QMKVEXI XS[EVH MX MR E WIX SVHIV XS I\TPSMX MX 8LI PEVKIV PIWW JEWXMHMSYW JIIHIVW XLI ^IFVEW QSZI MR JMVWX XLI GLSSWMIV WQEPPIV [MPHIFIIWXW GSQI PEXIV ERH XLI WQEPPIWX WTIGMIW SJ EPP 8LSQWSRtW KE^IPPI EVVMZIW PEWX 8LI PEXIV WTIGMIW EPP HITIRH SR XLI TVITEVEXMSRW SJ XLI IEVPMIV SRI JSV XLI EGXMSRW SJ XLI ^IFVE EPXIV XLI ZIKIXEXMSR XS WYMX XLI WXSQEGLW SJ XLI [MPHIFIIWX XSTM ERH KE^IPPI

6IEHMRK

4

%

6

%

+

6

%

4

,

&YJJEPS ^IFVEW [MPHIFIIWXW XSTM ERH 8LSQWSRtW KE^IPPIW PMZI MR LYKI KVSYTW XLEX XSKIXLIV QEOI YT WSQI TIVGIRX SJ XLI XSXEP [IMKLX SJ QEQQEPW PMZMRK SR XLI 7IVIRKIXM 4PEMR SJ )EWX %JVMGE 8LI] EVI EPP LIVFMZSVIW TPERX IEXMRK ERMQEPW ERH XLI] EPP ETTIEV XS FI PMZMRK SR XLI WEQI HMIX SJ KVEWWIW LIVFW ERH WQEPP FYWLIW 8LMW ET TIEVERGI LS[IZIV MW MPPYWSV] ;LIR FMSPSKMWX 6MGLEVH &IPP ERH LMW GSPPIEKYIW ERE P]^IH XLI WXSQEGL GSRXIRXW SJ JSYV SJ XLI JMZI WTIGMIW XLI] HMH RSX WXYH] FYJJEPS XLI] JSYRH XLEX IEGL WTIGMIW [EW PMZMRK SR E HMJJIVIRX TEVX SJ XLI ZIKIXEXMSR 8LI HMJJIVIRX ZIKIXEXMSREP TEVXW HMJJIV MR XLIMV JSSH UYEPMXMIW PS[IV HS[R XLIVI EVI WYGGYPIRX RYXVM XMSYW PIEZIW LMKLIV YT EVI XLI LEVHIV WXIQW 8LIVI EVI EPWS WTEVWIP] HMWXVMFYXIH

LMKLP] RYXVMXMSYW JVYMXW ERH &IPP JSYRH XLEX SRP] XLI 8LSQWSRtW KE^IPPIW IEX QYGL SJ XLIWI 8LI SXLIV XLVII WTIGMIW HMJJIV MR XLI TVSTSVXMSR SJ PS[IV PIEZIW ERH LMKLIV WXIQW XLEX XLI] IEX ^IFVEW IEX XLI QSWX WXIQ QEXXIV [MPHIFIIWXW IEX XLI QSWX PIEZIW ERH XSTM EVI MRXIVQIHMEXI

8LI [SVH MPPYWSV] MR XLI TEWWEKI MW GPSWIWX MR QIERMRK XS

HIJMRMXI

MPPYQMREXMRK

QMWPIEHMRK

I\GITXMSREP

8LI [SVH WTEVWIP] MR XLI TEWWEKI MW GPSWIWX MR QIERMRK XS

[MHIP]

XLMRP]

GPIEVP]

JVIWLP]

;LMGL SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK UYIWXMSRW EFSYX 6MGLEVH &IPPtW VIWIEVGL MW 238 ERW[IVIH MR TEVEKVETL #

;LMGL SJ XLI LIVFMZSVIW WXYHMIH MW XLI SRP] SRI XS IEX QYGL JVYMX# ;LMGL TEVX SJ XLI TPERXW HS [MPHIFIIWXW TVIJIV XS IEX# ;LIVI HMH XLI WXYH] SJ LIVFMZSVIWt IEXMRK LEFMXW XEOI TPEGI# ;L] [IVI FYJJEPS I\GPYHIH JVSQ XLI VIWIEVGL WXYH]#

+3 32 83 8,) 2)<8 4%+) K

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

4

%

6

%

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tW KYX FIGEYWI VYQMREXMRKhHMKIWXMRK XLI LEVH TEVXWhXEOIW XMQI 8LI VYQMRERX GSRXMRY

+EPP] VIKYVKMXEXIW JSSH JVSQ MXW WXSQEGL FEGO XS MXW QSYXL XS GLI[ MX YT JYVXLIV XLEX MW

6

%[LEX E GS[ MW HSMRK [LIR qGLI[MRK GYHr 3RP] [LIR MX LEW FIIR GLI[IH YT ERH

4

,HMKIWXIH EPQSWX XS E PMUYMH GER XLI JSSH TEWW XLVSYKL XLI VYQIR ERH SR XLVSYKL

XLI KYX 0EVKIV TEVXMGPIW GERRSX TEWW XLVSYKL YRXMP XLI] LEZI FIIR GLI[IH HS[R XS WM^I 8LIVIJSVI [LIR JSSH MW MR WLSVX WYTTP] E VYQMRERX GER PEWX PSRKIV XLER E RSR

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

8LI [SVH EWWSGMEXIH MR XLI TEWWEKI	8LI EYXLSV QIRXMSRW XLI GS[ ERH
MW GPSWIWX MR QIERMRK XS	XLI LSVWI MR TEVEKVETL MR SVHIV XS
SFZMSYW	HMWXMRKYMWL XLI JYRGXMSRMRK SJ XLIMV
WMKRMJMGERX	HMKIWXMZI W]WXIQW JVSQ XLSWI SJ
I\TIGXIH	)EWX %JVMGER QEQQEPW
GSRRIGXIH	IQTLEWM^I XLEX XLIMV VIPEXMZIP] PEVKI
	FSH] WM^I PIEHW XLIQ XS LEZI JIIHMRK
	TVEGXMGIW WMQMPEV XS XLSWI SJ )EWX
	%JVMGER QEQQEPW
	MPPYWXVEXI HMJJIVIRGIW FIX[IIR VYQM
	RERXW ERH RSRVYQMRERXW XLVSYKL XLI
	YWI SJ ERMQEPW PMOIP] XS FI JEQMPMEV XS
	QSWX VIEHIVW
	IQTLEWM^I WMQMPEVMXMIW FIX[IIR XLI
	HMIXW SJ GS[W ERH LSVWIW ERH XLI
	HMIXW SJ )EWX %JVMGER QEQQEPW

4

%

6

%

+

6

%

4

,

	6IEHMRK
%GGSVHMRK XS TEVEKVETL [LMGL SJ	%GGSVHMRK XS TEVEKVETL EPP SJ XLI
XLI JSPPS[MRK LIVFMZSVIW LEW XS IEX	JSPPS[MRK EVI XVYI SJ )EWX %JVMGER
PEVKI UYERXMXMIW SJ TPERX WXIQW FI	KE^IPPIW )<')48
GEYWI MX KEMRW VIPEXMZIP] PMXXPI IRIVK]	8LI] HMKIWX XLIMV JSSH ZIV] UYMGOP]
JVSQ IEGL KMZIR UYERXMX] SJ XLMW	1MGVSSVKERMWQW LIPT XLIQ HMKIWX
JSSH#	XLIMV JSSH
8LI KE^IPPI	8LI] EVI YREFPI XS HMKIWX PEVKI JSSH
8LI [MPHIFIIWX	TEVXMGPIW YRPIWW XLIWI EVI GLI[IH
8LI ^IFVE	HS[R GSRWMHIVEFP]
8LI XSTM	8LI] WYVZMZI [IPP IZIR MJ JSSH WYT
	TPMIW EVI RSX EFYRHERX
4EVEKVETL WYKKIWXW XLEX [LMGL SJ
XLI JSPPS[MRK MW SRI SJ XLI QSWX MQ
TSVXERX JEGXSVW MR HIXIVQMRMRK HMJJIV
IRGIW MR JIIHMRK TVIJIVIRGIW SJ )EWX
%JVMGER LIVFMZSVIW#
8LI EZEMPEFMPMX] SJ GIVXEMR JSSHW
8LI HMJJIVIRGIW MR WXSQEGL WXVYGXYVI
8LI TL]WMGEP REXYVI SJ ZIKIXEXMSR MR
XLI IRZMVSRQIRX
8LI EFMPMX] XS QMKVEXI [LIR JSSH
WYTTPMIW EVI PS[

8LI SXLIV TEVX SJ XLI I\TPEREXMSR MW FSH] WM^I 0EVKIV ERMQEPW VIUYMVI QSVI JSSH XLER WQEPPIV ERMQEPW FYX WQEPPIV ERMQEPW LEZI E LMKLIV QIXEFSPMG VEXI 7QEPPIV ERMQEPW GER XLIVIJSVI PMZI [LIVI XLIVI MW PIWW JSSH TVSZMHIH XLEX WYGL JSSH MW SJ LMKL IRIVK] GSRXIRX 8LEX MW [L] XLI WQEPPIWX SJ XLI LIVFMZSVIW 8LSQWSRtW KE^IPPI PMZIW SR JVYMX XLEX MW ZIV] RYXVMXMSYW FYX XSS XLMR SR XLI KVSYRH XS WYTTSVX E PEVKIV ERMQEP &] GSR XVEWX XLI PEVKI ^IFVE PMZIW SR XLI QEWWIW SJ PS[ UYEPMX] WXIQ QEXIVMEP

8LI TLVEWI TVSZMHIH XLEX MR XLI TEWWEKI MW GPSWIWX MR QIERMRK XS

EW PSRK EW

YRPIWW

EW MJ

IZIR XLSYKL

+3 32 83 8,) 2)<8 4%+) K

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

4

%

6

%

8LI HMJJIVIRGIW MR JIIHMRK TVIJIVIRGIW PIEH MR XYVR XS HMJJIVIRGIW MR QMKVEXSV] LEFMXW 8LI [MPHIFIIWXW JSPPS[ MR XLIMV QMKVEXMSR XLI TEXXIVR SJ PSGEP VEMRJEPP 8LI SXLIV WTIGMIW HS PMOI[MWI &YX [LIR E RI[ EVIE MW JYIPIH F] VEMR XLI QEQQEPW QMKVEXI XS

+[EVH MX MR E WIX SVHIV XS I\TPSMX MX 8LI PEVKIV PIWW JEWXMHMSYW JIIHIVW XLI ^IFVEW QSZI

6

%MR JMVWX XLI GLSSWMIV WQEPPIV [MPHIFIIWXW GSQI PEXIV ERH XLI WQEPPIWX WTIGMIW SJ EPP

4

,

8LSQWSRtW KE^IPPI EVVMZIW PEWX 8LI PEXIV WTIGMIW EPP HITIRH SR XLI TVITEVEXMSRW SJ XLI IEVPMIV SRI JSV XLI EGXMSRW SJ XLI ^IFVE EPXIV XLI ZIKIXEXMSR XS WYMX XLI WXSQEGLW SJ XLI [MPHIFIIWX XSTM ERH KE^IPPI

8LI [SVH JEWXMHMSYW MR XLI TEWWEKI MW GPSWIWX MR QIERMRK XS

VETMH

HIXIVQMRIH

JPI\MFPI

HIQERHMRK

%GGSVHMRK XS TEVEKVETL [LMGL SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK QEQQEPW I\LMFMXW E JIIHMRK FILEZMSV XLEX MW FIRIJMGMEP XS XLI SXLIV LIVFMZSVIW XLEX WLEVI XLI WEQI LEFMXEX#

8STM

>IFVE

;MPHIFIIWX

+E^IPPI

%GGSVHMRK XS XLI TEWWEKI [LMGL SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK MW XVYI SJ [MPHIFIIWXW#

8LI] IEX QSVI WXIQ QEXXIV XLER ^IFVEW HS 8LI] EVI EFPI XS HMKIWX PEVKI JSSH TEVXMGPIW MJ XLI JSSH MW SJ E LMKL UYEPMX] 8LI] XIRH XS GLSSWI JIIHMRK EVIEW MR [LMGL XLI ZIKIXEXMSR LEW FIIR [SVR HS[R 8LI] EVI PMOIP] XS GLSSWI PS[ UYEPMX] JSSH XS IEX MR TIVMSHW [LIR XLI UYERXMX] SJ VEMRJEPP MW PS[