Offi-Guid-TOEFL
.pdf
%TTIRHM\
2EXMZI 0ERKYEKI |
6IEHMRK |
0MWXIRMRK |
7TIEOMRK |
;VMXMRK |
8SXEP |
;SPSJ |
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<LSWE |
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=ETIWI |
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=MHHMWL |
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=SVYFE |
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>YPY |
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&IGEYWI SJ XLI YRVIPMEFMPMX] SJ WXEXMWXMGW FEWIH SR WQEPP WEQTPIW QIERW EVI RSX VITSVXIH JSV WYFKVSYTW SJ PIWW XLER %R EWXIVMWO MRHMGEXIW RS VITSVX FIGEYWI SJ XLI WQEPP WM^I SJ XLI WEQTPI
&IGEYWI SJ GLERKIW MR VIKMSR ERH SV GSYRXV] FSYRHEVMIW GIVXEMR PERKYEKIW QE] LEZI FIIR EHHIH SV HIPIXIH WMRGI XLI TVIZMSYW XEFPI [EW TYFPMWLIH
8EFPI 83)*0 M&8 8SXEP ERH 7IGXMSR 7GSVI 1IERW h2SRREXMZI )RKPMWL 7TIEOMRK )\EQMRIIW 'PEWWMJMIH F] +ISKVETLMG 6IKMSR ERH 2EXMZI 'SYRXV]
+ISKVETLMG 6IKMSR ERH 2EXMZI 'SYRXV] |
6IEHMRK |
0MWXIRMRK |
7TIEOMRK |
;VMXMRK |
8SXEP |
%*6-'% |
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%RKSPE |
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&IRMR |
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&SXW[ERE |
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&YVOMRE *EWS |
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&YVYRHM |
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'EQIVSSR |
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'ETI :IVHI |
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'IRXVEP %JVMGER 6ITYFPMG |
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'LEH |
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'SQSVSW |
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'SRKS |
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'SRKS 8LI (IQSGVEXMG 6ITYFPMG SJ |
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'SXI Ht-ZSMVI |
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(NMFSYXM |
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)UYEXSVMEP +YMRIE |
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)VMXVIE |
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)XLMSTME |
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+EFSR |
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+EQFME |
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+LERE |
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+YMRIE |
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+YMRIE &MWWEY |
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/IR]E |
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0IWSXLS |
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0MFIVME |
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1EHEKEWGEV |
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1EPE[M |
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1EPM |
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1EYVMXERME |
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1EYVMXMYW |
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%TTIRHM\
8EFPI GSRX
+ISKVETLMG 6IKMSR ERH 2EXMZI 'SYRXV] |
6IEHMRK |
0MWXIRMRK |
7TIEOMRK |
;VMXMRK |
8SXEP |
1E]SXXI |
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1S^EQFMUYI |
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2EQMFME |
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2MKIV |
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2MKIVME |
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6IYRMSR |
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6[ERHE |
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7ES 8SQI ERH 4VMRGMTI |
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7IRIKEP |
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7I]GLIPPIW |
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7MIVVE 0ISRI |
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7SQEPME |
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7SYXL %JVMGE |
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7[E^MPERH |
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8ER^ERME 9RMXIH 6ITYFPMG SJ |
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8SKS |
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8YRMWME |
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9KERHE |
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>EMVI |
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>EQFME |
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>MQFEF[I |
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%1)6-'%7 |
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%RKYMPPE |
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%RXMKYE ERH &EVFYHE |
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%VKIRXMRE |
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%VYFE |
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&ELEQEW |
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&EVFEHSW |
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&IPM^I |
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&IVQYHE |
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&SPMZME |
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&VE^MP |
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'EREHE |
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'LMPI |
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'SPSQFME |
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'SWXE 6MGE |
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'YFE |
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(SQMRMGE |
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(SQMRMGER 6ITYFPMG |
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)GYEHSV |
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)P 7EPZEHSV |
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*VIRGL +YMERE |
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+VIREHE |
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+YEHIPSYTI |
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+YEXIQEPE |
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%TTIRHM\
+ISKVETLMG 6IKMSR ERH 2EXMZI 'SYRXV] |
6IEHMRK |
0MWXIRMRK |
7TIEOMRK |
;VMXMRK |
8SXEP |
+Y]ERE |
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,EMXM |
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,SRHYVEW |
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.EQEMGE |
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1EVXMRMUYI |
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1I\MGS |
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1SRXWIVVEX |
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2IXLIVPERHW %RXMPPIW |
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2MGEVEKYE |
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4EREQE |
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4EVEKYE] |
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4IVY |
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4YIVXS 6MGS |
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7EMRX /MXXW ERH 2IZMW |
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7EMRX 0YGME |
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7EMRX :MRGIRX ERH XLI +VIREHMRIW |
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7YVMREQI |
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8VMRMHEH ERH 8SFEKS |
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8YVOW ERH 'EMGSW-WPERHW |
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9RMXIH 7XEXIW |
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9VYKYE] |
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:IRI^YIPE |
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:MVKMR-WPERHW 9 7 |
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%7-% |
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%JKLERMWXER |
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%^IVFEMNER |
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&ERKPEHIWL |
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&LYXER |
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&VYRIM (EVYWWEPEQ |
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'EQFSHME |
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'LMRE |
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'LVMWXQEW-WPERH |
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'SGSW /IIPMRK-WPERHW |
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)EWX 8MQSV |
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,SRK /SRK |
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-RHME |
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-RHSRIWME |
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.ETER |
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/E^EOLWXER |
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/SVIE (IQSGVEXMG 4ISTPItW 6ITYFPMG SJ |
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/SVIE 6ITYFPMG SJ |
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/]VK]^WXER |
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0ES 4ISTPItW (IQSGVEXMG 6ITYFPMG |
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1EGEY |
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1EPE]WME |
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1EPHMZIW |
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%TTIRHM\
8EFPI GSRX
+ISKVETLMG 6IKMSR ERH 2EXMZI 'SYRXV] |
6IEHMRK |
0MWXIRMRK |
7TIEOMRK |
;VMXMRK |
8SXEP |
1SRKSPME |
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1]ERQEV |
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2ITEP |
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4EOMWXER |
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4LMPMTTMRIW |
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7MRKETSVI |
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7VM 0EROE |
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8EM[ER |
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8ENMOMWXER |
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8LEMPERH |
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8MQSV 0IWXI |
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8YVOQIRMWXER |
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9^FIOMWXER |
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:MIX 2EQ |
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)9634) |
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%PERH-WPERHW |
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%PFERME |
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%RHSVVE |
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%VQIRME |
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%YWXVME |
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&IPEVYW |
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&IPKMYQ |
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&SWRME ERH ,IV^IKSZMRE |
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&YPKEVME |
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'VSEXME |
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']TVYW |
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'^IGL 6ITYFPMG |
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'^IGL ERH 7PSZEOME |
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(IRQEVO |
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)WXSRME |
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*EVSI-WPERHW |
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*MRPERH |
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*VERGI |
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+ISVKME |
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+IVQER] |
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+MFVEPXEV |
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+VIIGI |
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+VIIRPERH |
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,SP] 7II :EXMGER 'MX] 7XEXI |
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,YRKEV] |
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-GIPERH |
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-VIPERH |
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-XEP] |
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/SWSZS |
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0EXZME |
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%TTIRHM\
+ISKVETLMG 6IKMSR ERH 2EXMZI 'SYRXV] |
6IEHMRK |
0MWXIRMRK |
7TIEOMRK |
;VMXMRK |
8SXEP |
0MIGLXIRWXIMR |
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0MXLYERME |
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0Y\IQFSYVK |
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1EGIHSRME *SVQIV =YKSWPEZ 6ITYFPMG SJ |
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1EPXE |
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1SPHSZE 6ITYFPMG SJ |
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1SREGS |
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1SRXIRIKVS |
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2IXLIVPERHW |
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2SVXLIVR-VIPERH |
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2SV[E] |
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4SPERH |
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4SVXYKEP |
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6SQERME |
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6YWWMER *IHIVEXMSR |
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7ER 1EVMRS |
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7GSXPERH |
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7IVFME |
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7IVFME ERH 1SRXIRIKVS |
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7PSZEOME |
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7PSZIRME |
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7TEMR |
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7[IHIR |
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7[MX^IVPERH |
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8YVOI] |
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9OVEMRI |
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9RMXIH /MRKHSQ |
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;EPIW |
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=YKSWPEZME |
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1-((0) )%78 2368, %*6-'% |
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%PKIVME |
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&ELVEMR |
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)K]TX |
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+E^E 7XVMT |
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-VER-WPEQMG 6ITYFPMG SJ |
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-VEU |
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-WVEIP |
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.SVHER |
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/Y[EMX |
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0IFERSR |
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0MF]ER %VEF .EQELMVM]E |
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1SVSGGS |
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3GGYTMIH 4EPIWXMRMER 8IVVMXSV] |
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3QER |
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5EXEV |
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7EYHM %VEFME |
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%TTIRHM\
8EFPI GSRX
+ISKVETLMG 6IKMSR ERH 2EXMZI 'SYRXV] |
6IEHMRK |
0MWXIRMRK |
7TIEOMRK |
;VMXMRK |
8SXEP |
7YHER |
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7]VMER %VEF 6ITYFPMG |
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9RMXIH %VEF )QMVEXIW |
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;IWX &ERO |
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=IQIR |
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4%'-*-' 6)+-32 |
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%QIVMGER 7EQSE |
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%YWXVEPME |
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*MNM |
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*VIRGL 4SP]RIWME |
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+YEQ |
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/MVMFEXM |
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1EVWLEPP-WPERHW |
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1MGVSRIWME *IHIVEXIH 7XEXIW SJ |
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2EYVY |
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2I[ 'EPIHSRME |
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2I[ >IEPERH |
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2SVXLIVR 1EVMERE-WPERHW |
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4EPEY |
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4ETYE 2I[ +YMRIE |
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4MXGEMVR |
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7EQSE |
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8SRKE |
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8YZEPY |
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:ERYEXY |
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&IGEYWI SJ XLI YRVIPMEFMPMX] SJ WXEXMWXMGW FEWIH SR WQEPP WEQTPIW QIERW EVI RSX VITSVXIH JSV WYFKVSYTW SJ PIWW XLER
&IGEYWI SJ GLERKIW MR VIKMSR ERH SV GSYRXV] FSYRHEVMIW GIVXEMR GSYRXVMIW QE] LEZI FIIR EHHIH SV HIPIXIH WMRGI XLI TVIZMSYW XEFPI [EW TYFPMWLIH
%TTIRHM\
4IVJSVQERGI *IIHFEGO JSV 8IWX 8EOIVW
8LI WGSVIW ]SY VIGIMZI SR XLI 83)*0 M&8 MRHMGEXI ]SYV TIVJSVQERGI PIZIP MR IEGL SJ XLI JSYV WOMPP EVIEW VIEHMRK PMWXIRMRK WTIEOMRK ERH [VMXMRK %TTIRHM\ TVS ZMHIW HIWGVMTXMSRW SJ [LEX XIWX XEOIVW GER HS EX IEGL WGSVI PIZIP ERH EHZMGI EFSYX LS[ XIWX XEOIVW EX IEGL PIZIP GER MQTVSZI XLIMV WOMPPW
3RP] XLI q=SYV 4IVJSVQERGIr HIWGVMTXMSRW ETTIEV SR XIWX XEOIV WGSVI VITSVXW 8LI q%HZMGI JSV -QTVSZIQIRXr MW SRP] E WEQTPI SJ XLI EHZMGI EZEMPEFPI 1SVI I\XIRWMZI EHZMGI MW EZEMPEFPI SR XLI 83)*0 [IFWMXI [[[ IXW SVK XSIJP
6IEHMRK 7OMPPW
0IZIP ,-+, i
8IWX XEOIVW [LS VIGIMZI E WGSVI EX XLI ,-+, PIZIP EW ]SY HMH X]TMGEPP] YRHIVWXERH EGEHIQMG XI\XW MR )RKPMWL XLEX VIUYMVI E [MHI VERKI SJ VIEHMRK EFMPMXMIW VIKEVHPIWW SJ XLI HMJJMGYPX] SJ XLI XI\XW
8IWX XEOIVW [LS WGSVI EX XLI ,-+, PIZIP X]TMGEPP]
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LEZI E ZIV] KSSH GSQQERH SJ EGEHIQMG ZSGEFYPEV] ERH KVEQQEXMGEP |
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WXVYGXYVI |
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GER YRHIVWXERH ERH GSRRIGX MRJSVQEXMSR QEOI ETTVSTVMEXI MRJIVIRGIW |
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ERH W]RXLIWM^I MHIEW IZIR [LIR XLI XI\X MW GSRGITXYEPP] HIRWI ERH XLI |
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PERKYEKI MW GSQTPI\ |
FGER VIGSKRM^I XLI I\TSWMXSV] SVKERM^EXMSR SJ E XI\X ERH XLI VSPI XLEX WTIGMJMG MRJSVQEXMSR WIVZIW [MXLMR XLI PEVKIV XI\X IZIR [LIR XLI XI\X MW GSRGITXYEPP] HIRWI ERH
FGER EFWXVEGX QENSV MHIEW JVSQ E XI\X IZIR [LIR XLI XI\X MW GSRGITXYEPP] HIRWI ERH GSRXEMRW GSQTPI\ PERKYEKI
6IEH EW QYGL ERH EW SJXIR EW TSWWMFPI 1EOI WYVI XS MRGPYHI EGEHIQMG XI\XW SR E ZEVMIX] SJ XSTMGW [VMXXIR MR HMJJIVIRX KIRVIW ERH [MXL HMJJIVIRX HIKVIIW SJ GSRGIT XYEP HIRWMX] EW TEVX SJ ]SYV VIEHMRK
%TTIRHM\
F6IEH QENSV RI[WTETIVW WYGL EW 8LI 2I[ =SVO 8MQIW SV 7GMIRGI 8MQIW
ERH [IFWMXIW 2EXMSREP 4YFPMG 6EHMS ?246A SV XLI &&'
F;VMXI WYQQEVMIW SJ XI\XW QEOMRK WYVI XLI] MRGSVTSVEXI XLI SVKERM^EXMSREP TEXXIVR SJ XLI SVMKMREPW 'SRXMRYEPP] I\TERH ]SYV ZSGEFYPEV]
'SRXMRYEPP] TVEGXMGI YWMRK RI[ [SVHW ]SY IRGSYRXIV MR ]SYV VIEHMRK 8LMW [MPP LIPT ]SY VIQIQFIV FSXL XLI QIERMRK ERH GSVVIGX YWEKI SJ XLI RI[ [SVHW
0IZIP -28)61)(-%8) i
8IWX XEOIVW [LS VIGIMZI E WGSVI EX XLI -28)61)(-%8) PIZIP EW ]SY HMH X]TMGEPP] YRHIVWXERH EGEHIQMG XI\XW MR )RKPMWL XLEX VIUYMVI E [MHI VERKI SJ VIEHMRK EFMPM XMIW EPXLSYKL XLIMV YRHIVWXERHMRK SJ GIVXEMR TEVXW SJ XLI XI\XW MW PMQMXIH
8IWX XEOIVW [LS VIGIMZI E WGSVI EX XLI -28)61)(-%8) PIZIP X]TMGEPP]
F LEZI E KSSH GSQQERH SJ GSQQSR EGEHIQMG ZSGEFYPEV] FYX WXMPP LEZI WSQI HMJJMGYPX] [MXL LMKL PIZIP ZSGEFYPEV]
F LEZI E ZIV] KSSH YRHIVWXERHMRK SJ KVEQQEXMGEP WXVYGXYVI
FGER YRHIVWXERH ERH GSRRIGX MRJSVQEXMSR QEOI ETTVSTVMEXI MRJIVIRGIW ERH W]RXLIWM^I MRJSVQEXMSR MR E VERKI SJ XI\XW FYX LEZI QSVI HMJJMGYPX] [LIR XLI ZSGEFYPEV] MW LMKL PIZIP ERH XLI XI\X MW GSRGITXYEPP] HIRWI
FGER VIGSKRM^I XLI I\TSWMXSV] SVKERM^EXMSR SJ E XI\X ERH XLI VSPI XLEX WTIGMJMG MRJSVQEXMSR WIVZIW [MXLMR E PEVKIV XI\X FYX LEZI WSQI HMJJMGYPX] [LIR XLIWI EVI RSX I\TPMGMX SV IEW] XS MRJIV JVSQ XLI XI\X ERH
FGER EFWXVEGX QENSV MHIEW JVSQ E XI\X FYX LEZI QSVI HMJJMGYPX] HSMRK WS [LIR XLI XI\X MW GSRGITXYEPP] HIRWI
6IEH EW QYGL ERH EW SJXIR EW TSWWMFPI 7XYH] XLI SVKERM^EXMSR SJ EGEHIQMG XI\XW ERH SZIVEPP WXVYGXYVI SJ VIEHMRK TEWWEKIW 6IEH ER IRXMVI TEWWEKI JVSQ FIKMRRMRK XS IRH
F 4E] EXXIRXMSR XS XLI VIPEXMSRWLMT FIX[IIR XLI QEMR MHIEW ERH XLI
WYTTSVXMRK HIXEMPW
F 3YXPMRI XLI XI\X XS XIWX ]SYV YRHIVWXERHMRK SJ XLI WXVYGXYVI SJ XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI
F ;VMXI E WYQQEV] SJ XLI IRXMVI TEWWEKI
F-J XLI XI\X MW E GSQTEVMWSR FI WYVI XLEX ]SYV WYQQEV] VIJPIGXW XLEX -J XLI XI\X EVKYIW X[S TSMRXW SJ ZMI[ FI WYVI FSXL TSMRXW SJ ZMI[ EVI VIJPIGXIH MR ]SYV WYQQEV] 'SRXMRYEPP] I\TERH ]SYV ZSGEFYPEV] F] HIZIPSTMRK E W]WXIQ JSV VIGSVHMRK YRJEQMPMEV [SVHW
F+VSYT [SVHW EGGSVHMRK XS XSTMG SV QIERMRK ERH WXYH] XLI [SVHW EW E PMWX SJ VIPEXIH [SVHW
%TTIRHM\
F 7XYH] VSSXW TVIJM\IW ERH WYJJM\IW WXYH] [SVH JEQMPMIW
F9WI EZEMPEFPI ZSGEFYPEV] VIWSYVGIW WYGL EW E KSSH XLIWEYVYW SV E HMGXMSREV] SJ GSPPSGEXMSRW [SVHW GSQQSRP] YWIH XSKIXLIV
0IZIP 03; i
8IWX XEOIVW [LS VIGIMZI E WGSVI EX XLI 03; PIZIP EW ]SY HMH X]TMGEPP] YRHIVWXERH WSQI SJ XLI MRJSVQEXMSR TVIWIRXIH MR EGEHIQMG XI\XW MR )RKPMWL XLEX VIUYMVI E [MHI VERKI SJ VIEHMRK EFMPMXMIW FYX XLIMV YRHIVWXERHMRK MW PMQMXIH
8IWX XEOIVW [LS VIGIMZI E WGSVI EX XLI 03; PIZIP X]TMGEPP]
FLEZI E GSQQERH SJ FEWMG EGEHIQMG ZSGEFYPEV] FYX XLIMV YRHIVWXERHMRK SJ PIWW GSQQSR ZSGEFYPEV] MW MRGSRWMWXIRX
FLEZI PMQMXIH EFMPMX] XS YRHIVWXERH ERH GSRRIGX MRJSVQEXMSR LEZI HMJJMGYPX] VIGSKRM^MRK TEVETLVEWIW SJ XI\X MRJSVQEXMSR ERH SJXIR VIP] SR TEVXMGYPEV [SVHW ERH TLVEWIW VEXLIV XLER E GSQTPIXI YRHIVWXERHMRK
SJ XLI XI\X
FLEZI HMJJMGYPX] MHIRXMJ]MRK XLI EYXLSVtW TYVTSWI I\GITX [LIR XLEX TYVTSWI MW I\TPMGMXP] WXEXIH MR XLI XI\X SV IEW] XS MRJIV JVSQ XLI XI\X ERH
FGER WSQIXMQIW VIGSKRM^I QENSV MHIEW JVSQ E XI\X [LIR XLI MRJSVQEXMSR MW GPIEVP] TVIWIRXIH QIQSVEFPI SV MPPYWXVEXIH F] I\EQTPIW FYX LEZI HMJJMGYPX] HSMRK WS [LIR XLI XI\X MW QSVI HIQERHMRK
6IEH EW QYGL ERH EW SJXIR EW TSWWMFPI (IZIPST E W]WXIQ JSV VIGSVHMRK YRJEQMP MEV [SVHW
F +VSYT [SVHW MRXS PMWXW EGGSVHMRK XS XSTMG SV QIERMRK ERH VIZMI[ ERH WXYH] XLI [SVHW SR E VIKYPEV FEWMW WS XLEX ]SY VIQIQFIV XLIQ
F-RGVIEWI ]SYV ZSGEFYPEV] F] EREP]^MRK [SVH TEVXW WXYH] VSSXW TVIJM\IW ERH WYJJM\IW WXYH] [SVH JEQMPMIW 7XYH] XLI SVKERM^EXMSR SJ EGEHIQMG XI\XW ERH SZIVEPP WXVYGXYVI SJ E VIEHMRK TEWWEKI 6IEH ER IRXMVI TEWWEKI JVSQ FIKMRRMRK XS IRH
F0SSO EX GSRRIGXMSRW FIX[IIR WIRXIRGIW PSSO EX LS[ XLI IRH SJ SRI WIRXIRGI VIPEXIW XS XLI FIKMRRMRK SJ XLI RI\X WIRXIRGI
F0SSO JSV XLI QEMR MHIEW ERH WYTTSVXMRK HIXEMPW ERH TE] EXXIRXMSR XS XLI VIPEXMSRWLMT FIX[IIR XLIQ
F 3YXPMRI E XI\X XS XIWX ]SYV YRHIVWXERHMRK SJ XLI WXVYGXYVI SJ E VIEHMRK TEWWEKI
F &IKMR F] KVSYTMRK TEVEKVETLW XLEX EHHVIWW XLI WEQI GSRGITX
F;VMXI SRI WIRXIRGI WYQQEVM^MRK XLI TEVEKVETLW XLEX HMWGYWW XLI WEQI MHIE
F ;VMXI E WYQQEV] SJ XLI IRXMVI TEWWEKI
%TTIRHM\
0MWXIRMRK 7OMPPW
0IZIP ,-+, i
8IWX XEOIVW [LS VIGIMZI E WGSVI EX XLI ,-+, PIZIP EW ]SY HMH X]TMGEPP] YRHIVWXERH GSRZIVWEXMSRW ERH PIGXYVIW MR )RKPMWL XLEX TVIWIRX E [MHI VERKI SJ PMWXIRMRK HIQERHW 8LIWI HIQERHW GER MRGPYHI HMJJMGYPX ZSGEFYPEV] YRGSQQSR XIVQW SV GSPPSUYMEP SV JMKYVEXMZI PERKYEKI GSQTPI\ KVEQQEXMGEP WXVYGXYVIW EFWXVEGX SV GSQTPI\ MHIEW ERH SV QEOMRK WIRWI SJ YRI\TIGXIH SV WIIQMRKP] GSRXVEHMGXSV] MRJSVQEXMSR
;LIR PMWXIRMRK XS PIGXYVIW ERH GSRZIVWEXMSRW PMOI XLIWI XIWX XEOIVW EX XLI ,-+, PIZIP X]TMGEPP] GER
F |
YRHIVWXERH QEMR MHIEW ERH MQTSVXERX HIXEMPW [LIXLIV XLI] EVI WXEXIH SV |
|
MQTPMIH |
F |
HMWXMRKYMWL QSVI MQTSVXERX MHIEW JVSQ PIWW MQTSVXERX SRIW |
F |
YRHIVWXERH LS[ MRJSVQEXMSR MW FIMRK YWIH JSV I\EQTPI XS TVSZMHI |
|
IZMHIRGI JSV E GPEMQ SV HIWGVMFI E WXIT MR E GSQTPI\ TVSGIWW |
F |
VIGSKRM^I LS[ TMIGIW SJ MRJSVQEXMSR EVI GSRRIGXIH JSV I\EQTPI MR E |
|
GEYWI ERH IJJIGX VIPEXMSRWLMT |
F |
YRHIVWXERH QER] HMJJIVIRX [E]W XLEX WTIEOIVW YWI PERKYEKI JSV TYVTSWIW |
|
SXLIV XLER XS KMZI MRJSVQEXMSR JSV I\EQTPI XS IQTLEWM^I E TSMRX |
|
I\TVIWW EKVIIQIRX SV HMWEKVIIQIRX SV GSRZI] MRXIRXMSRW MRHMVIGXP] ERH |
FW]RXLIWM^I MRJSVQEXMSR IZIR [LIR MX MW RSX TVIWIRXIH MR WIUYIRGI ERH QEOI GSVVIGX MRJIVIRGIW SR XLI FEWMW SJ XLEX MRJSVQEXMSR
*YVXLIV HIZIPST ]SYV PMWXIRMRK EFMPMX] [MXL HEMP] TVEGXMGI MR PMWXIRMRK MR )RKPMWL ERH F] GLEPPIRKMRK ]SYVWIPJ [MXL MRGVIEWMRKP] PIRKXL] PMWXIRMRK WIPIGXMSRW ERH QSVI GSQTPI\ PMWXIRMRK QEXIVMEP
F 0MWXIR XS HMJJIVIRX OMRHW SJ QEXIVMEPW SR E ZEVMIX] SJ XSTMGW *SGYW SR XSTMGW XLEX EVI RI[ XS ]SY 0MWXIR XS EGEHIQMG PIGXYVIW ERH TYFPMG XEPOW 0MWXIR XS EYHMS ERH ZMHIS QEXIVMEP SR 8: VEHMS ERH XLI -RXIVRIX 0MWXIR XS TVSKVEQW [MXL EGEHIQMG GSRXIRX WYGL EW 23:% &&' ERH 246 FVSEHGEWXW 0MWXIR XS GSRZIVWEXMSRW TLSRI GEPPW ERH TLSRI VIGSVHMRKW 8EOI PMZI ERH EYHMS VIGSVHIH XSYVW I K SJ QYWIYQW
F 0MWXIR EGXMZIP]
X 8EOI RSXIW EW ]SY PMWXIR JSV QEMR MHIEW ERH MQTSVXERX HIXEMPW
X 1EOI TVIHMGXMSRW EFSYX [LEX ]SY [MPP LIEV RI\X
X 7YQQEVM^I
X ;VMXI HS[R RI[ [SVHW ERH I\TVIWWMSRW