Offi-Guid-TOEFL

%RW[IVW ERH 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW

EFSYX QSHIVR HE] GSPSWWEP WXEXYIW [I RIIH XS VII\EQMRI QSVI GPSWIP] XLIMV VSPI EW

WSGMEP ERH TSPMXMGEP W]QFSPWhMR SVHIV XS YRHIVWXERH [L] E WSGMIX] XSHE]hE WSGMIX] SJ

JVII XE\ TE]MRK GMXM^IRWh[SYPH EKVII XS EPPSGEXI WS QYGL SJ MXW VIWSYVGIW XS IVIGXMRK

XLIQ % KSSH I\EQTPI XS WXEVX SYX [MXL [SYPH FI 1SYRX 6YWLQSVI

2S[ QER] SJ ]SY LEZI TVSFEFP] WIIR TMGXYVIW SJ 1SYRX 6YWLQSVI TIVLETW ]SYtZI EGXYEPP] ZMWMXIH XLI TPEGI 1SYRX 6YWLQSVI MR 7SYXL (EOSXE MW E GSPSWWEP VIT VIWIRXEXMSR SJ XLI JEGIW SJ JSYV 9 7 4VIWMHIRXW +ISVKI ;EWLMRKXSR 8LSQEW .IJJIV WSR 8LISHSVI 6SSWIZIPX ERH %FVELEQ 0MRGSPR GEVZIH HMVIGXP] MRXS E QSYRXEMR -QEKMRI )EGL SJ XLSWI JEGIW MR XLI VSGO MW SZIV WM\X] JIIX LMKL 2S[ GEVZMRK XLIMV JEGIW XSSO SZIV WM\ ERH E LEPJ ]IEVW ERH GSWX EPQSWX E QMPPMSR HSPPEVW %RH XLMW [EW MR XLI tW HYVMRK XLI [SVWX IGSRSQMG HITVIWWMSR MR 9 7 LMWXSV] (SIW XLEX WXVMOI ER] SJ ]SY EW SHH#

;IPP - TIVWSREPP] XLMRO XLEX XLI +VIEX (ITVIWWMSR SJ XLI tW EGXYEPP] QEOIW XLMW QSVI YRHIVWXERHEFPI RSX PIWW WS 3JXIR MXtW XLI GEWI XLEX TVIGMWIP] EX XMQIW SJ LEVH WLMTh[LIR XLI ZIV] JEFVMG SJ WSGMIX] WIIQW XS FI YRVEZIPMRK ERH GSRJMHIRGI MW IVSH MRKhYL XLEX TISTPI GPEQSV JSV WSQI TYFPMG I\TVIWWMSR SJ WXVIRKXL ERH STXMQMWQ TIVLETW EW E [E] SJ W]QFSPM^MRK MXW IRHYVERGI MR XLI JEGI SJ HMJJMGYPX]

7S [MXL XLEX MR QMRH PIXtW KS FEGO XS 1SYRX 6YWLQSVI %GXYEPP] XLI SVMKMREP QS XMZEXMSR JSV E GSPSWWEP QSRYQIRX MR 7SYXL (EOSXE LEH ZIV] PMXXPI XS HS [MXL EPP XLMW W]QFSPMWQ ERH IZIV]XLMRK XS HS [MXL QSRI] ]SY WII MX [EW JMVWX GSRGIMZIH SJ FE WMGEPP] EW E XSYVMWX EXXVEGXMSR ERH MX [EW WYTTSWIH XS JIEXYVI XLI MQEKIW SJ PIKIRHEV] JMKYVIW SJ XLI %QIVMGER ;IWX PMOI XLI I\TPSVIVW 0I[MW ERH 'PEVO 8LI KSZIVRQIRX SJ 7SYXL (EOSXE XLSYKLX MX [SYPH FVMRK PSXW SJ QSRI] MRXS XLI WXEXI

-X [EW SRP] PEXIV SR XLEX XLI WGYPTXSVhXLI EVXMWX [LS HIWMKRIH ERH SZIVWE[ XLI TVSNIGX E QER REQIH +YX^SR &SVKPYQhHIGMHIH XLI TVSNIGX WLSYPH FI E QSRYQIRX LSRSVMRK JSYV SJ XLI QSWX VIWTIGXIH 4VIWMHIRXW MR 9 7 LMWXSV]hQYGL QSVI XLER E XSYVMWX EXXVEGXMSR MXW ZIV] TVSQMRIRGI ERH TIVQERIRGI FIGEQI TIVGIMZIH EW E W]QFSP SJ XLI IRHYVERGI SJ 9 7 MHIEPW ERH XLI KVIEXRIWW SJ XLI GSYRXV]tW IEVP] PIEH IVW 7S ]SY WII [LEX FIKER EW E XSYVMWX EXXVEGXMSR FIGEQI WSQIXLMRK JEV PSJXMIV

0IXtW PSSO EX ERSXLIV I\EQTPI SJ XLMW TLIRSQIRSR 8LI 7XEXYI SJ 0MFIVX] MW ERSXLIV GSPSWWEP WXEXYIh

SRI XLEX - EWWYQI E RYQFIV SJ ]SY EVI JEQMP MEV [MXL &YX YQQ - [SYPH KYIWW XLEXhPMOI QER] TISTPI XSHE]h]SY HSRtX VIEPM^I XLEX [LIR MX [EW HIWMKRIH SZIV E GIRXYV] EKShF] E *VIRGL WGYPTXSVhMX [EW MRXIRHIH XS W]QFSPM^I XLI PSRK JVMIRHWLMT FIX[IIR XLI TISTPI SJ *VERGI ERH XLI TISTPI SJ XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIWhSRI [LMGL HEXIH FEGO XS *VERGItW WYTTSVX SJ XLI %QIVMGER GSPSRMIWt [EV JSV MRHITIRHIRGI JVSQ XLI &VMXMWL

&YX XLI WLMJX MR XLI WXEXYItW QIERMRK WXEVXIH WSSR EJXIV MX [EW FYMPX &EGO MR )QQE 0E^EVYW [VSXI XLEX JEQSYW TSIQh]SY ORS[ XLI SRI XLEX KSIW q+MZI QI ]SYV XMVIH ]SYV TSSV r ERH WS SR ERH WS JSVXL 8LEX TSIQ HIWGVMFIW XLI 7XEXYI SJ 0MFIVX] EW E FIEGSR SJ [IPGSQI JSV XLI IRXMVI [SVPH ;IPP MR XLI IEVP] tW MX [EW TYX SR E TPEUYI SR XLI TIHIWXEP XLEX XLI 7XEXYI SJ 0MFIVX] WXERHW SR

*VSQ XLEX TSMRX SR XLI 7XEXYI SJ 0MFIVX] [EW RS PSRKIV TIVGIMZIH EW NYWX E KMJX FIX[IIR JVMIRHP] VITYFPMGW -X RS[ FIGEQI E XVMFYXI XS XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIWt LMWXSV] SJ MQQMKVEXMSR ERH STIRRIWW

8LMW EWWSGMEXMSR [EW WXVIRKXLIRIH MR XLI MQEKMREXMSR SJ XLI KIRIVEP TYFPMG NYWX E

JI[ HIGEHIW EJXIV XLI WXEXYItW GSQTPIXMSR [MXL XLI MQQMKVEXMSR [EZIW SJ XLI IEVP]

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

XL GIRXYV] IWTIGMEPP] WMRGI XLI WXEXYI LETTIRIH XS FI XLI JMVWX WMKR SJ %QIVMGE WIIR F] XLSWI MQQMKVERXW WEMPMRK MRXS XLI TSVX SJ 2I[ =SVO 7S EW [MXL 1SYRX 6YWL QSVI XLI SVMKMREP QSXMZEXMSR JSV XLMW GSPSWWEP WXEXYI [EW JSVKSXXIR ERH XLI WXEXYI MW RS[ ZEPYIH JSV QSVI MQTSVXERX VIEWSRW

8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX 5YIWXMSR

4VSJIWWSV

&EGO MR )QQE 0E^EVYW [VSXI XLEX JEQSYW TSIQh]SY ORS[ XLI SRI XLEX KSIW q+MZI QI ]SYV XMVIH ]SYV TSSV r ERH WS SR ERH WS JSVXL

2EVVEXSV

;L] HSIW XLI TVSJIWWSV HMWGYWW XLI TSIQ F] )QQE 0E^EVYW#

%RW[IVW ERH 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW

7TIEOMRK

0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW

8LMW WIGXMSR TVIWIRXW XLI PMWXIRMRK WGVMTXW JSV XLI EYHMS TSVXMSRW SJ UYIWXMSRW i MR XLI 7TIEOMRK 7IGXMSR

9WI XLI WEQTPI -RHITIRHIRX ERH -RXIKVEXIH 7TIEOMRK VYFVMGW SR TEKIWi XS WII LS[ VIWTSRWIW EVI WGSVIH 8LI VEXIVW [LS PMWXIR XS ]SYV VIWTSRWIW [MPP EREP]^I XLIQ MR XLVII KIRIVEP GEXIKSVMIW 8LIWI GEXIKSVMIW EVI (IPMZIV] 0ER KYEKI 9WI ERH 8STMG (IZIPSTQIRX %PP XLVII GEXIKSVMIW LEZI IUYEP MQTSVXERGI

5YIWXMSR

8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX

2EVVEXSV

;LEX OMRH SJ VIEHMRK QEXIVMEP WYGL EW RSZIPW QEKE^MRIW SV TSIXV] HS ]SY QSWX PMOI XS VIEH MR ]SYV JVII XMQI# )\TPEMR [L] ]SY JMRH XLMW OMRH SJ VIEHMRK QEXIVMEP MRXIVIWXMRK

5YIWXMSR

8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX

2EVVEXSV

7SQI WXYHIRXW [SYPH TVIJIV XS PMZI [MXL VSSQQEXIW 3XLIVW [SYPH TVIJIV XS PMZI EPSRI ;LMGL STXMSR [SYPH ]SY TVIJIV ERH [L]#

5YIWXMSR

8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX

*IQEPI 7XYHIRX

- GERtX FIPMIZI XLIWI TPERW -X NYWX HSIWRtX QEOI WIRWI XS QI

1EPI 7XYHIRX

6IEPP]# 7IIQIH 3/ XS QI IWTIGMEPP] XLI EVKYQIRX EFSYX XLI GEVW

*IQEPI 7XYHIRX

=IEL - ORS[ &YX XLI XLMRK MW MX HSIWRtX QEXXIV [LIVI WXYHIRXW PMZI sGY^ XLI] WXMPP LEJXE KIX XS GPEWW WSQILS[ VMKLX# %X PIEWX MJ XLI] FYMPX RI[ HSVQW SR GEQTYW WXYHIRXW [SYPH YWI GEQTYW XVERWTSVXEXMSR

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

1EPI 7XYHIRX

MRWXIEH SJ XLIMV GEVW - WII [LEX ]SYtVI KIXXMRK EX -J XLI] PMZI SJJ GEQTYW XLI]tVI WXMPP KSRRE LEJXE HVMZI ERH TEVO SR GEQTYW QMKLX IZIR GVIEXI QSVI XVEJJMG

*IQEPI 7XYHIRX

)\EGXP]

1EPI 7XYHIRX

3/ 7XMPP XLSYKL 8LI TSMRX EFSYX WXYHIRXW MRXIVEGXMRK QSVI [MXL TISTPI MR XLI GSQ

QYRMX] XLEX HSIWRtX WIIQ XS FI E FEH XLMRK HSIW MX#

*IQEPI 7XYHIRX

&YX XLI QSVI XMQI WTIRX SJJ GEQTYW MR XS[R XLI PIWW XMQI WTIRX SR GEQTYW ;LEX EFSYX EPP XLI GPYFW WLS[W HMWGYWWMSRW EhEPP XLI GEQTYW LETTIRMRKW XLEX NYWX OMRH SJLETTIR# -XtW MQTSVXERX XS FI SR GEQTYW XS VIEPP] XEOI EHZERXEKI SJ XLIWI XLMRKW ,EZMRK E HMJJIVIRX PMZMRK I\TIVMIRGI WLSYPHRtX FI KMZIR YT EX XLI I\TIRWI SJ RSX FIMRK EW QYGL E TEVX SJ XLI YRMZIVWMX] GSQQYRMX]

8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX

2EVVEXSV

8LI [SQER I\TVIWWIW LIV STMRMSR SJ XLI YRMZIVWMX]tW TPER 7XEXI LIV STMRMSR ERH I\ TPEMR XLI VIEWSRW WLI KMZIW JSV LSPHMRK XLEX STMRMSR

5YIWXMSR

8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX

4VSJIWWSV

7S [I IRGSYRXIV XLMW MR PMJI EPP XLI XMQI FYX QER] SJ YW EVI YRE[EVI XLEX [I HS XLMWIZIR TW]GLSPSKMWXW [LS WXYH] MX PMOI QI *SV I\EQTPI XLI SXLIV HE] - [EW EX XLI WXSVI ERH - [EW KIXXMRK MR PMRI XS FY] WSQIXLMRK &YX NYWX FIJSVI - [EW EGXYEPP] MR PMRI WSQI KY] GSQIW SYX SJ RS[LIVI ERH GYXW VMKLX MR JVSRX SJ QI ;IPP - [EW VIEPP] ER RS]IH ERH XLSYKLX qXLEX [EW VYHI r - EWWYQIH LI [EW NYWX E WIPJMWL MRGSRWMHIVEXI TIVWSR [LIR MR JEGX - LEH RS MHIE [L] LI GYX MR PMRI MR JVSRX SJ QI SV [LIXLIV LI IZIR VIEPM^IH LI [EW HSMRK MX 1E]FI LI HMHRtX XLMRO - [EW EGXYEPP] MR PMRI ]IX &YX Q] MQQIHMEXI VIEGXMSR [EW XS EWWYQI LI [EW E WIPJMWL SV VYHI TIVWSR

3/ WS E JI[ HE]W EJXIV XLEX - [EW EX XLI WXSVI EKEMR 3RP] XLMW XMQI - [EW MR E VIEP

LYVV]h- [EW PEXI JSV ER MQTSVXERX QIIXMRKhERH - [EW JVYWXVEXIH XLEX IZIV]XLMRK [EW

XEOMRK WS PSRK %RH [LEXtW [SVWI EPP XLI GLIGO SYX PMRIW [IVI PSRK ERH MX WIIQIH PMOI

IZIV]SRI [EW QSZMRK WS WPS[P] &YX XLIR - WE[ E WPMKLXP] WLSVXIV PMRI &YX WSQI

[SQER [MXL E PSX SJ WXYJJ XS FY] [EW [EPOMRK XS[EVH MX WS - FEWMGEPP] VER XS KIX XLIVI

JMVWX FIJSVI LIV ERH [IPP - HMH 2S[ - HMHRtX XLMRO SJ Q]WIPJ EW E FEH SV VYHI TIVWSR

JSV HSMRK XLMW - LEH ER MQTSVXERX QIIXMRK XS KIX XSh- [EW MR E LYVV] WS ]SY ORS[ -

LEH HSRI RSXLMRK [VSRK

%RW[IVW ERH 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW

8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX

2EVVEXSV

)\TPEMR LS[ XLI X[S I\EQTPIW HMWGYWWIH F] XLI TVSJIWWSV MPPYWXVEXI HMJJIVIRGIW MR XLI [E]W TISTPI I\TPEMR FILEZMSV

5YIWXMSR

8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX

4VSJIWWSV

3/ &IGO] WS ]SYtZI GLSWIR EPP ]SYV GSYVWIW JSV RI\X XIVQ#

*IQEPI 7XYHIRX

;IPP RSX VIEPP] TVSJIWWSV %GXYEPP] -tZI KSX E TVSFPIQ

4VSJIWWSV

3L#

*IQEPI 7XYHIRX

=IEL [IPP - WXMPP RIIH XS XEOI ER %QIVMGER PMXIVEXYVI GSYVWI MXtW VIUYMVIH JSV KVEHYE XMSR &YX -tZI FIIR TYXXMRK MX SJJ &YX WMRGI Q] RI\X XIVQ MW Q] PEWX

4VSJIWWSV

=IEL ]SY GERtX TYX MX SJJ ER] PSRKIV

*IQEPI 7XYHIRX

6MKLX 8LI XLMRK MW XLSYKL MXtW RSX SJJIVIH RI\X XIVQ

4VSJIWWSV

- WII ,QQ %L LS[ EFSYX EL XEOMRK XLI GSYVWI EX ERSXLIV YRMZIVWMX]#

*IQEPI 7XYHIRX

- XLSYKLX EFSYX XLEX -XtW SJJIVIH EX 'MX] 'SPPIKI FYX XLEXtW WS JEV E[E] 'SQQYXMRK FEGO ERH JSVXL [SYPH XEOI QI E GSYTPI SJ LSYVW ]SY ORS[ E FMK GLYRO SJ XMQI [MXL EPP Q] SXLIV WXYHMIW ERH IZIV]XLMRK

4VSJIWWSV

8VYI FYX MXtW FIIR HSRI 3V EL XLI]tVI E GSYTPI SJ KVEHYEXI GSYVWIW MR %QIVMGER PMX IVEXYVI ;L] RSX XEOI SRI SJ XLSWI#

*IQEPI 7XYHIRX

=IEL FYX [SYPHRtX XLEX FI LEVH XLSYKL# - QIER MXtW E KVEHYEXI GSYVWIhXLEXtH FI TVIXX] MRXIRWI

4VSJIWWSV

=IEL MXtH TVSFEFP] QIER QSVI WXYH]MRK XLER ]SYtVI YWIH XS FYX -tQ WYVI MXtW RSX FI ]SRH ]SYV EFMPMXMIW

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX

2EVVEXSV

8LI WTIEOIVW HMWGYWW X[S TSWWMFPI WSPYXMSRW XS XLI [SQERtW TVSFPIQ &VMIJP] WYQQEVM^I XLI TVSFPIQ 8LIR WXEXI [LMGL WSPYXMSR ]SY TVIJIV ERH [L]

5YIWXMSR

8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX

4VSJIWWSV

3/ =SYRK GLMPHVIR ERH EVX 6IWIEVGL WYKKIWXW XLEX PIEVRMRK EVX WOMPPW GER FIRIJMX E ]SYRK GLMPHtW HIZIPSTQIRX 8[S SJ XLI [E]W MX GER HS XLMW MW F] TVSZMHMRK E TPEXJSVQ XS I\TVIWW GSQTPI\ IQSXMSRW ERH F] IRGSYVEKMRK TIVWMWXIRGI

;LEX HS - QIER [LIR - WE] qE TPEXJSVQ XS I\TVIWW GSQTPI\ IQSXMSRWr# =SYRK GLMPHVIR LEZI PMQMXIH ZSGEFYPEV] ,S[ [SYPH XLI] GSQQYRMGEXI XLI JIIPMRK SJ TVMHI JSV I\EQTPI# % HVE[MRK XLSYKL QEOMRK E HVE[MRK SJ JIIPMRK TVSYH XLMW MW WSQI XLMRK E ]SYRK GLMPH GSYPH HS % PMXXPI KMVP QMKLX HVE[ LIVWIPJ NYQTMRK YT MR XLI EMV RI\X XS LIV FMOI -R XLI HVE[MRK LIV EVQW EVI VEMWIH YT MR XLI EMV ERH WLItW WQMPMRK 'LMP HVIR GER HVE[ XS GSQQYRMGEXI XLIMV IQSXMSRW [LIXLIV TSWMXMZI SV RIKEXMZI XLVSYKL XLI HVE[MRKhQQhFIXXIV XLER XLI] GSYPH [MXL [SVHW

%RH IRGSYVEKMRK TIVWMWXIRGI# %VX WOMPPW GER LIPT GLMPHVIR XS HIZIPST TEXMIRGI ERH GSRGIRXVEXMSR XS TIVWMWX MR ER EGXMZMX] XLI [MPPMRKRIWW XS OIIT XV]MRK XS VIEGL E KSEP 7S WYTTSWI XLIVItW E PMXXPI FS] [LS [ERXW XS QSPH E PYQT SJ GPE] MRXS XLI WLETI SJ E GEV 8LI JMVWX EXXIQTX HSIWRtX PSSO XSS QYGL PMOI E GEV ,ItW HMWETTSMRXIH FYX [ERXW XS XV] EKEMR 8LI WIGSRH XLMVH JSYVXL XV] WXMPP HSRtX PSSO UYMXI VMKLX FYX XLIVItW MQTVSZI QIRX [MXL IZIV] EXXIQTX %JXIV WSQI XMQI LI KIXW XS XLI TSMRX [LIVI LItW WEXMWJMIH [MXL LMW GVIEXMSR 8LI RI[P] WLETIH GPE] GEV MW ER MRWXERX VIQMRHIV SJ ER EGGSQTPMWL QIRXhE WYGGIWW VIWYPXMRK JVSQ LMW TIVWMWXIRGI 8LI FS] QE] FI EFPI XS XVERWJIV XLMW PIWWSR XS[EVH SXLIV WMXYEXMSRW ERH EGXMZMXMIW FIGEYWI LItW LEH XLI I\TIVMIRGI SJ WYG GIWWJYPP] EGGSQTPMWLMRK E KSEP XLVSYKL LEVH [SVO

8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX

2EVVEXSV

9WMRK TSMRXW ERH I\EQTPIW JVSQ XLI XEPO I\TPEMR LS[ PIEVRMRK EVX GER MQTEGX E GLMPHtW

HIZIPSTQIRX

%RW[IVW ERH 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW

;VMXMRK

0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX ERH 8STMG 2SXIW

9WI XLI -RXIKVEXIH ;VMXMRK ERH -RHITIRHIRX ;VMXMRK 7GSVMRK 6YFVMGW SR TEKIWi ERH i XS WII LS[ VIWTSRWIW EVI WGSVIH

;VMXMRK &EWIH SR 6IEHMRK ERH 0MWXIRMRK

8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX

4VSJIWWSV

0EXIP] [ItZI FIIR WIIMRK WSQI TVSJIWWSVW SR XIPIZMWMSR 8LSYKL MXtW WSQIXMQIW GPEMQIH XS FI E KSSH XLMRK [I WLSYPH UYIWXMSR [LIXLIV ER]FSH] VIEPP] FIRIJMXW JVSQ MX *MVWX SJ EPP MXtW RSX KSSH JSV XLI TVSJIWWSVW XLIQWIPZIWhRSX JVSQ E TVSJIWWMSREP WXERHTSMRX 6MKLXP] SV [VSRKP] E TVSJIWWSV [LS ETTIEVW SR 8: XIRHW XS KIX XLI VITY XEXMSR EQSRK JIPPS[ TVSJIWWSVW SJ FIMRK WSQISRI [LS MW RSX E WIVMSYW WGLSPEVh WSQISRI [LS GLSSWIW XS IRXIVXEMR VEXLIV XLER XS IHYGEXI %RH JSV XLEX VIEWSR 8: TVSJIWWSVW QE] RSX FI MRZMXIH XS MQTSVXERX GSRJIVIRGIWhMQTSVXERX QIIXMRKW XS HMW GYWW XLIMV EGEHIQMG [SVO 8LI] QE] IZIR LEZI HMJJMGYPX] KIXXMRK QSRI] XS HS VI WIEVGL 7S JSV TVSJIWWSVW FIMRK E 8: GIPIFVMX] LEW MQTSVXERX HMWEHZERXEKIW

% WIGSRH TSMRX MW XLEX FIMRK SR 8: GER XEOI E PSX SJ E TVSJIWWSVtW XMQIhRSX NYWX XLI XMQI SR 8: FYX EPWS XMQI JMKYVMRK SYX [LEX XS TVIWIRX ERH XMQI WTIRX VILIEVWMRK XVEZIP XMQI IZIR XMQI KIXXMRK QEHI YT XS PSSO KSSH JSV XLI GEQIVEW %RH EPP XLMW XMQI GSQIW SYX SJ XLI XMQI XLI TVSJIWWSV GER WTIRH HSMRK VIWIEVGL QIIXMRK [MXL WXYHIRXW ERH EXXIRHMRK XS YRMZIVWMX] FYWMRIWW 7S ]SY GER GIVXEMRP] WII XLIVI EVI TVSFPIQW JSV XLI YRMZIVWMX] ERH MXW WXYHIRXW [LIR TVSJIWWSVW EVI MR XLI 8: WXYHMS ERH RSX SR GEQ TYW

7S [LS HSIW FIRIJMX# 8LI TYFPMG# 8LEXtW RSX WS GPIEV IMXLIV 0SSO TVSJIWWSVW HS LEZI E PSX SJ ORS[PIHKI XS SJJIV FYX 8: RIX[SVOW HSRtX [ERX VIEPP] WIVMSYW MR HITXL EGEHIQMG PIGXYVIW JSV EJXIV HMRRIV ZMI[MRK ;LEX XLI RIX[SVOW [ERX MW XLI EGEHIQMG XMXPI RSX XLI MRXIPPIGXYEP WYFWXERGI 8LI QEXIVMEP XLEX TVSJIWWSVW YWYEPP] TVIWIRX SR 8:hWYGL EW FEGOKVSYRH SR GYVVIRX IZIRXW SV WSQI FVMIJ LMWXSVMGEP MRXVSHYGXMSR XS E RI[ QSZMI ZIVWMSR SJ E KVIEX PMXIVEV] [SVOhXLMW QEXIVMEP MW RSX QYGL HMJJIVIRX JVSQ [LEX ZMI[IVW [SYPH KIX JVSQ E 8: VITSVXIV [LS LEH HSRI E PMXXPI LSQI[SVO

)WWE] 8STMG

7YQQEVM^I XLI TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI PIGXYVI FIMRK WYVI XS I\TPEMR LS[ XLI] STTSWI

WTIGMJMG TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI VIEHMRK TEWWEKI

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

8STMG 2SXIW

=SY WLSYPH YRHIVWXERH XLI VIEWSRW TVIWIRXIH MR XLI PIGXYVI JSV [L] MX MW RSX RIG

IWWEVMP] KSSH XLEX TVSJIWWSVW ETTIEV SR XIPIZMWMSR 8LI PIGXYVIV UYIWXMSRW IEGL SJ

XLI FIRIJMXW QIRXMSRIH MR VIEHMRK EFSYX XLI TVSJIWWSVtW VITYXEXMSR EFSYX XLI

TVSJIWWSVtW XMQI ERH EFSYX IHYGEXMRK XLI TYFPMG

% LMKL WGSVMRK VIWTSRWI [MPP MRGPYHI XLI JSPPS[MRK TSMRXW QEHI F] XLI PIGXYVIV XLEX EHHVIWW XLI TSMRXW QEHI MR XLI VIEHMRK

4SMRX QEHI MR VIEHMRK	'SRXVEWXMRK TSMRX JVSQ XLI PIGXYVI
8: ETTIEVERGIW MQTVSZI XLI	8LIMV VITYXEXMSR WYJJIVW FIGEYWI XLI]
TVSJIWWSVtW VITYXEXMSR	EVI GSRWMHIVIH IRXIVXEMRIVW F] XLIMV
	TIIVW ERH RSX WIVMSYW WGLSPEVW
	%W E VIWYPX XLI] QE] KIX JI[IV
	MRZMXEXMSRW XS EGEHIQMG GSRJIVIRGIW
	SV PSWI VIWIEVGL JYRHMRK
8: ETTIEVERGIW FIRIJMX XLI YRMZIVWMX] 4VSJIWWSVW WTIRH E PSX SJ XMQI TVITEVMRK
ERH PIEH XS QSVI WXYHIRX ETTPM	JSV XLI 8: ETTIEVERGIW [LMGL XEOIW
GEXMSRW ERH QSVI HSREXMSRW	E[E] JVSQ XLIMV XVYI EGEHIQMG [SVO
	WYGL EW XIEGLMRK ERH HSMRK VIWIEVGL
8: ETTIEVERGIW FIRIJMX XLI TYFPMG	4VSJIWWSVW KIRIVEPP] HS RSX KMZI MR HITXL
FIGEYWI XLI TYFPMG MW I\TSWIH XS	EGEHIQMG PIGXYVIW SR 8:
QSVI MR HITXL ORS[PIHKI EFSYX
E WYFNIGX

6IWTSRWIW [MXL WGSVIW SJ ERH KIRIVEPP] GPIEVP] HMWGYWW EPP XLVII SJ XLI QEMR TSMRXW MR XLI XEFPI

;VMXMRK &EWIH SR /RS[PIHKI ERH )\TIVMIRGI

)WWE] 8STMG

(S ]SY EKVII SV HMWEKVII [MXL XLI JSPPS[MRK WXEXIQIRX# =SYRK TISTPI IRNS] PMJI QSVI XLER SPHIV TISTPI HS 9WI WTIGMJMG VIEWSRW ERH I\EQTPIW XS WYTTSVX ]SYV ERW[IV

8STMG 2SXIW

8LMW XSTMG VIUYMVIW ]SY XS [VMXI EFSYX [LIXLIV ]SYRK TISTPI IRNS] PMJI QSVI XLER SPHIV TISTPI HS -J ]SY EKVII [MXL XLMW WXEXIQIRX ]SY WLSYPH TVIWIRX I\EQTPIW ERH VIEWSRW *SV I\EQTPI ]SYRK TISTPI QE] XIRH XS KS SYX QSVI ERH TEVXMGMTEXI MR JYR EGXMZMXMIW [LMPI SPHIV TISTPI QE] XIRH XS WXE] EX LSQI QSVI %RSXLIV VIE WSR XLEX SPHIV TISTPI QE] IRNS] PMJI PIWW MW FIGEYWI XLI] LEZI QSVI VIWTSRWMFMPM XMIW ERH TVIWWYVI JVSQ [SVO JEQMP] ERH QSRI] XLER ]SYRK TISTPI % XLMVH

%RW[IVW ERH 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW

VIEWSR QMKLX FI XLEX ]SYRK TISTPI EVI QSVI TL]WMGEPP] JMX ERH EFPI XS IRNS] QSVI EGXMZMXMIW XLER SPHIV TISTPI

-J ]SY HMWEKVII [MXL XLMW WXEXIQIRX MR ]SYV VIWTSRWI ]SY WLSYPH TVIWIRX I\EQTPIW ERH VIEWSRW XLEX SPHIV TISTPI IRNS] PMJI QSVI *SV I\EQTPI SPHIV TIS TPI QE] FIXXIV ORS[ [LEX WEXMWJMIW XLIQ ERH QEOIW XLIR LETT] XLER ]SYRK TIS TPI HS

7SQI KSSH VIWTSRWIW I\TPEMR XLEX XLI KVSYT XLEX IRNS]W PMJI QSVI HITIRHW SR [LIVI XLI] PMZI %PP SJ XLIWI ETTVSEGLIW GER FI HIZIPSTIH MRXS E KSSH VIWTSRWI