Offi-Guid-TOEFL

6IEHMRK

		8LI HMJJIVIRGIW MR JIIHMRK TVIJIVIRGIW PIEH MR XYVR XS HMJJIVIRGIW MR QMKVEXSV] LEFMXW
	4	8LI [MPHIFIIWXW JSPPS[ MR XLIMV QMKVEXMSR XLI TEXXIVR SJ PSGEP VEMRJEPP 8LI SXLIV
	%
	6	WTIGMIW HS PMOI[MWI &YX [LIR E RI[ EVIE MW JYIPIH F] VEMR XLI QEQQEPW QMKVEXI
	%

+XS[EVH MX MR E WIX SVHIV XS I\TPSMX MX 8LI PEVKIV PIWW JEWXMHMSYW JIIHIVW XLI ^IFVEW

6

%QSZI MR JMVWX XLI GLSSWMIV WQEPPIV [MPHIFIIWXW GSQI PEXIV ERH XLI WQEPPIWX WTIGMIW SJ

4

,

EPP 8LSQWSRtW KE^IPPI EVVMZIW PEWX 8LI PEXIV WTIGMIW EPP HITIRH SR XLI TVITEVEXMSRW SJ XLI IEVPMIV SRI JSV XLI EGXMSRW SJ XLI ^IFVE EPXIV XLI ZIKIXEXMSR XS WYMX XLI WXSQEGLW SJ XLI [MPHIFIIWX XSTM ERH KE^IPPI

0SSO EX XLI JSYV WUYEVIW ? A XLEX MRHMGEXI [LIVI XLI JSPPS[MRK WIRXIRGI GSYPH FI EHHIH XS XLI TEWWEKI

8LI WIUYIRGI MR [LMGL XLI] QMKVEXI GSVVIPEXIW [MXL XLIMV FSH] WM^I

;LIVI [SYPH XLI WIRXIRGI FIWX JMX#

8LI HMJJIVIRGIW MR JIIHMRK TVIJIVIRGIW PIEH MR XYVR XS HMJJIVIRGIW MR QMKVEXSV] LEFMXW 8LI WIUYIRGI MR [LMGL XLI] QMKVEXI GSVVIPEXIW [MXL XLIMV FSH] WM^I 8LI [MPHIFIIWXW JSPPS[ MR XLIMV QMKVEXMSR XLI TEXXIVR SJ PSGEP VEMRJEPP 8LI SXLIV WTIGMIW HS PMOI[MWI &YX [LIR E RI[ EVIE MW JYIPIH F] VEMR XLI QEQQEPW QMKVEXI XS[EVH MX MR E WIX SVHIV XS I\TPSMX MX 8LI PEVKIV PIWW JEWXMHMSYW JIIHIVW XLI ^IFVEW QSZI MR JMVWX XLI GLSSWMIV WQEPPIV [MPHIFIIWXW GSQI PEXIV ERH XLI WQEPPIWX WTIGMIW SJ EPP 8LSQWSRtW KE^IPPI EVVMZIW PEWX 8LI PEXIV WTIGMIW EPP HI TIRH SR XLI TVITEVEXMSRW SJ XLI IEVPMIV SRI JSV XLI EGXMSRW SJ XLI ^IFVE EPXIV XLI ZIKIXEXMSR XS WYMX XLI WXSQEGLW SJ XLI [MPHIFIIWX XSTM ERH KE^IPPI

8LI HMJJIVIRGIW MR JIIHMRK TVIJIVIRGIW PIEH MR XYVR XS HMJJIVIRGIW MR QMKVEXSV] LEFMXW 8LI [MPHIFIIWXW JSPPS[ MR XLIMV QMKVEXMSR XLI TEXXIVR SJ PSGEP VEMRJEPP

8LI WIUYIRGI MR [LMGL XLI] QMKVEXI GSVVIPEXIW [MXL XLIMV FSH] WM^I 8LI SXLIV WTIGMIW HS PMOI[MWI &YX [LIR E RI[ EVIE MW JYIPIH F] VEMR XLI QEQQEPW QMKVEXI XS[EVH MX MR E WIX SVHIV XS I\TPSMX MX 8LI PEVKIV PIWW JEWXMHMSYW JIIHIVW XLI ^IFVEW QSZI MR JMVWX XLI GLSSWMIV WQEPPIV [MPHIFIIWXW GSQI PEXIV ERH XLI WQEPPIWX WTIGMIW SJ EPP 8LSQWSRtW KE^IPPI EVVMZIW PEWX 8LI PEXIV WTIGMIW EPP HI TIRH SR XLI TVITEVEXMSRW SJ XLI IEVPMIV SRI JSV XLI EGXMSRW SJ XLI ^IFVE EPXIV XLI ZIKIXEXMSR XS WYMX XLI WXSQEGLW SJ XLI [MPHIFIIWX XSTM ERH KE^IPPI

8LI HMJJIVIRGIW MR JIIHMRK TVIJIVIRGIW PIEH MR XYVR XS HMJJIVIRGIW MR QMKVEXSV] LEFMXW 8LI [MPHIFIIWXW JSPPS[ MR XLIMV QMKVEXMSR XLI TEXXIVR SJ PSGEP VEMRJEPP

8LI SXLIV WTIGMIW HS PMOI[MWI 8LI WIUYIRGI MR [LMGL XLI] QMKVEXI GSVVIPEXIW [MXL XLIMV FSH] WM^I &YX [LIR E RI[ EVIE MW JYIPIH F] VEMR XLI QEQQEPW QMKVEXI XS[EVH MX MR E WIX SVHIV XS I\TPSMX MX 8LI PEVKIV PIWW JEWXMHMSYW JIIHIVW XLI ^IFVEW QSZI MR JMVWX XLI GLSSWMIV WQEPPIV [MPHIFIIWXW GSQI PEXIV ERH XLI WQEPPIWX WTIGMIW SJ EPP 8LSQWSRtW KE^IPPI EVVMZIW PEWX 8LI PEXIV WTIGMIW EPP HI TIRH SR XLI TVITEVEXMSRW SJ XLI IEVPMIV SRI JSV XLI EGXMSRW SJ XLI ^IFVE EPXIV XLI ZIKIXEXMSR XS WYMX XLI WXSQEGLW SJ XLI [MPHIFIIWX XSTM ERH KE^IPPI

+3 32 83 8,) 2)<8 4%+) K

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

8LI HMJJIVIRGIW MR JIIHMRK TVIJIVIRGIW PIEH MR XYVR XS HMJJIVIRGIW MR QMKVEXSV] LEFMXW 8LI [MPHIFIIWXW JSPPS[ MR XLIMV QMKVEXMSR XLI TEXXIVR SJ PSGEP VEMRJEPP

8LI SXLIV WTIGMIW HS PMOI[MWI &YX [LIR E RI[ EVIE MW JYIPIH F] VEMR XLI QEQ QEPW QMKVEXI XS[EVH MX MR E WIX SVHIV XS I\TPSMX MX 8LI WIUYIRGI MR [LMGL XLI] QMKVEXI GSVVIPEXIW [MXL XLIMV FSH] WM^I 8LI PEVKIV PIWW JEWXMHMSYW JIIHIVW XLI ^IFVEW QSZI MR JMVWX XLI GLSSWMIV WQEPPIV [MPHIFIIWXW GSQI PEXIV ERH XLI WQEPP IWX WTIGMIW SJ EPP 8LSQWSRtW KE^IPPI EVVMZIW PEWX 8LI PEXIV WTIGMIW EPP HITIRH SR XLI TVITEVEXMSRW SJ XLI IEVPMIV SRI JSV XLI EGXMSRW SJ XLI ^IFVE EPXIV XLI ZIKIXE XMSR XS WYMX XLI WXSQEGLW SJ XLI [MPHIFIIWX XSTM ERH KE^IPPI

(MVIGXMSRW

8LMW UYIWXMSR MW [SVXL TSMRXW

)EWX %JVMGER LIVFMZSVIW XLSYKL XLI] EPP PMZI MR XLI WEQI IRZMVSRQIRX LEZI E VERKI SJ JIIHMRK TVIJIVIRGIW

F

F

F

8LI WYVZMZEP SJ )EWX %JVMGER QEQ QEPW HITIRHW QSVI XLER ER]XLMRK IPWI SR XLI UYERXMX] SJ LMKLP] RYXVM XMSYW JVYMXW XLEX XLI] EVI EFPI XS JMRH

% LIVFMZSVItW WM^I ERH QIXEFSPMG VEXI EJJIGX XLI OMRHW SJ JSSH ERH XLI UYERXMXMIW SJ JSSH MX RIIHW XS IEX

>IFVEW ERH [MPHIFIIWXW VEVIP] GSQ TIXI JSV XLI WEQI JSSH VIWSYVGIW MR XLI WEQI PSGEXMSRW

8LI HMJJIVIRX HMKIWXMZI W]WXIQW SJ LIVFMZSVIW I\TPEMR XLIMV JIIHMRK TVIJIVIRGIW

1MKVEXSV] LEFMXW EVI MRJPYIRGIH F] JIIHMRK TVIJIVIRGIW

4EXXIVRW MR XLI QMKVEXSV] LEFMXW SJ )EWX %JVMGER LIVFMZSVIW EVI LEVH XS IWXEFPMWL

6IEHMRK

03-) *900)6

8LI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW HERGIV 0SMI *YPPIV i JSYRH XLIEXVMGEP HERGI MR XLI PEXI RMRIXIIRXL GIRXYV] EVXMWXMGEPP] YRJYPJMPPMRK 7LI GSRWMHIVIH LIVWIPJ ER EVXMWX VEXLIV XLER E QIVI IRXIVXEMRIV ERH WLI MR XYVR EXXVEGXIH XLI RSXMGI SJ SXLIV EVXMWXW

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

%PXLSYKL WLI HMWGSZIVIH ERH MRXVSHYGIH LIV EVX MR XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW WLI EGLMIZIH LIV KVIEXIWX KPSV] MR 4EVMW [LIVI WLI [EW IRKEKIH F] XLI *SPMIW &IVKÌVI MR ERH WSSR FIGEQI q0E 0SMI r XLI HEVPMRK SJ 4EVMWMER EYHMIRGIW 1ER] SJ LIV HERGIW VITVI WIRXIH IPIQIRXW SV REXYVEP SFNIGXWh*MVI XLI 0MP] XLI &YXXIVJP] ERH WS SRhERH XLYW EGGSVHIH [IPP [MXL XLI JEWLMSREFPI %VX 2SYZIEY WX]PI [LMGL IQTLEWM^IH REXYVI MQEKIV] ERH JPYMH WMRYSYW PMRIW ,IV HERGMRK EPWS EXXVEGXIH XLI EXXIRXMSR SJ *VIRGL TSIXW ERH TEMRXIVW SJ XLI TIVMSH JSV MX ETTIEPIH XS XLIMV PMOMRK JSV Q]WXIV] XLIMV FIPMIJ MR EVX JSV EVXtW WEOI E RMRIXIIRXL GIRXYV] MHIE XLEX EVX MW ZEPYEFPI MR MXWIPJ VEXLIV XLER FIGEYWI MX QE] LEZI WSQI QSVEP SV IHYGEXMSREP FIRIJMX ERH XLIMV IJJSVXW XS W]RXLIWM^I JSVQ ERH GSRXIRX

*YPPIV LEH WGMIRXMJMG PIERMRKW ERH GSRWXERXP] I\TIVMQIRXIH [MXL IPIGXVMGEP PMKLXMRK[LMGL [EW XLIR MR MXW MRJERG] GSPSVIH KIPW WPMHI TVSNIGXMSRW ERH SXLIV EWTIGXW SJ WXEKI XIGLRSPSK] 7LI MRZIRXIH ERH TEXIRXIH WTIGMEP EVVERKIQIRXW SJ QMVVSVW ERH GSRGSGXIH GLIQMGEP H]IW JSV LIV HVETIVMIW ,IV MRXIVIWX MR GSPSV ERH PMKLX TEVEPPIPIH XLI VIWIEVGL SJ WIZIVEP EVXMWXW SJ XLI TIVMSH RSXEFP] XLI TEMRXIV 7IYVEX JEQIH JSV LMW 4SMRXMPPMWX XIGLRMUYI SJ GVIEXMRK E WIRWI SJ WLETIW ERH PMKLX SR GERZEW F] ETTP]MRK I\ XVIQIP] WQEPP HSXW SJ GSPSV VEXLIV XLER F] TEMRXMRK PMRIW 3RI SJ *YPPIVtW QENSV MRZIR XMSRW [EW YRHIVPMKLXMRK MR [LMGL WLI WXSSH SR E TERI SJ JVSWXIH KPEWW MPPYQMREXIH JVSQ YRHIVRIEXL 8LMW [EW TEVXMGYPEVP] IJJIGXMZI MR LIV TIVJSVQIH XS XLI QYWMG SJ 6MGLEVH ;EKRIVtW q6MHI SJ XLI :EPO]VMIW r 8LI HERGI GEYKLX XLI I]I SJ EVXMWX ,IRVM HI 8SYPSYWI 0EYXVIG [LS HITMGXIH MX MR E PMXLSKVETL

%W LIV XIGLRSPSKMGEP I\TIVXMWI KVI[ QSVI WSTLMWXMGEXIH WS HMH XLI SXLIV EWTIGXW SJ LIV HERGIW %PXLSYKL WLI KEZI PMXXPI XLSYKLX XS QYWMG MR LIV IEVPMIWX HERGIW WLI PEXIV YWIH WGSVIW F] +PYGO &IIXLSZIR 7GLYFIVX 'LSTMR ERH ;EKRIV IZIRXYEPP] KVEHYEXMRK XS 7XVEZMRWO] *EYVÍ (IFYWW] ERH 1YWWSVKWO] GSQTSWIVW [LS [IVI XLIR GSRWMHIVIH TVSKVIWWMZI 7LI FIKER XS EHHVIWW QSVI EQFMXMSYW XLIQIW MR LIV HERGIW WYGL EW MR [LMGL LIV HERGIVW MRZMWMFP] EKMXEXIH E LYKI I\TERWI SJ WMPO TPE]IH YTSR F] GSPSVIH PMKLXW %P[E]W STIR XS WGMIRXMJMG ERH XIGLRSPSKMGEP MRRSZEXMSRW WLI FIJVMIRHIH XLI WGMIRXMWXW 1EVMI ERH 4MIVVI 'YVMI YTSR XLIMV HMWGSZIV] SJ VEHMYQ ERH GVIEXIH E [LMGL WMQYPEXIH XLI TLSWTLSVIWGIRGI SJ XLEX IPIQIRX 7LI FSXL ETTIEVIH MR JMPQWhXLIR MR ER IEVP] WXEKI SJ HIZIPSTQIRXhERH QEHI XLIQ LIV WIPJ XLI LIVS SJ LIV JEMV] XEPI JMPQ [EW TPE]IH F] 6IRÍ 'PEMV PEXIV E PIEHMRK *VIRGL JMPQ HMVIGXSV

+3 32 83 8,) 2)<8 4%+) K

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

4

%

6

%

+

6

%

4

,

%X XLI 4EVMW )\TSWMXMSR MR WLI LEH LIV S[R XLIEXIV [LIVI MR EHHMXMSR XS LIV S[R HERGIW WLI TVIWIRXIH TERXSQMQIW F] XLI .ETERIWI EGXVIWW 7EHE =SGGS 7LI EW WIQFPIH ER EPP JIQEPI GSQTER] EX XLMW XMQI ERH IWXEFPMWLIH E WGLSSP EVSYRH FYX RIMXLIV WYVZMZIH LIV %PXLSYKL WLI MW VIQIQFIVIH XSHE] GLMIJP] JSV LIV MRRSZEXMSRW MR WXEKI PMKLXMRK LIV EGXMZMXMIW EPWS XSYGLIH -WEHSVE (YRGER ERH 6YXL 7X (IRMW X[S SXLIV 9RMXIH 7XEXIW HERGIVW [LS [IVI I\TIVMQIRXMRK [MXL RI[ X]TIW SJ HERGI 7LI WTSRWSVIH (YRGERtW JMVWX ETTIEVERGI MR )YVSTI ,IV XLIEXIV EX XLI 4EVMW )\TSWMXMSR [EW ZMWMXIH F] 7X (IRMW [LS JSYRH RI[ MHIEW EFSYX WXEKIGVEJX MR *YPPIVtW [SVO ERH JVIWL WSYVGIW JSV LIV EVX MR 7EHE =SGGStW TPE]W -R 7X (IRMW TEMH XVMFYXI XS *YPPIV [MXL XLI HYIX

8LI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW HERGIV 0SMI *YPPIV i JSYRH XLIEXVMGEP HERGI MR XLI PEXI RMRIXIIRXL GIRXYV] EVXMWXMGEPP] YRJYPJMPPMRK 7LI GSRWMHIVIH LIVWIPJ ER EVXMWX VEXLIV XLER E QIVI IRXIVXEMRIV ERH WLI MR XYVR EXXVEGXIH XLI RSXMGI SJ SXLIV EVXMWXW

(MVIGXMSRW

;LEX GER FI MRJIVVIH JVSQ TEVEKVETL EFSYX XLIEXVMGEP HERGI MR XLI

PEXI RMRIXIIRXL GIRXYV]#

-X MRJPYIRGIH QER] EVXMWXW SYXWMHI SJ XLI JMIPH SJ HERGI -X [EW ZIV] WMQMPEV XS XLIEXVMGEP HERGI SJ XLI IEVP] RMRIXIIRXL GIRXYV] -X [EW QSVI E JSVQ SJ IRXIVXEMRQIRX XLER E JSVQ SJ WIVMSYW EVX -X [EW E VIPEXMZIP] RI[ EVX JSVQ MR XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW

4

%

6

%

*YPPIV HIZMWIH E X]TI SJ HERGI XLEX JSGYWIH SR XLI WLMJXMRK TPE] SJ PMKLXW ERH GSPSVW SR XLI ZSPYQMRSYW WOMVXW SV HVETIVMIW WLI [SVI [LMGL WLI OITX MR GSRWXERX QSXMSR TVMR GMTEPP] XLVSYKL QSZIQIRXW SJ LIV EVQW WSQIXMQIW I\XIRHIH [MXL [ERHW GSRGIEPIH

+YRHIV LIV GSWXYQIW 7LI VINIGXIH XLI XIGLRMGEP ZMVXYSWMX] SJ QSZIQIRX MR FEPPIX XLI

6

%QSWX TVIWXMKMSYW JSVQ SJ XLIEXVMGEP HERGI EX XLEX XMQI TIVLETW FIGEYWI LIV JSVQEP

4

,

HERGI XVEMRMRK [EW QMRMQEP %PXLSYKL LIV IEVP] XLIEXVMGEP GEVIIV LEH MRGPYHIH WXMRXW EW ER EGXVIWW WLI [EW RSX TVMQEVMP] MRXIVIWXIH MR WXSV]XIPPMRK SV I\TVIWWMRK IQSXMSRW XLVSYKL HERGI XLI HVEQE SJ LIV HERGMRK IQEREXIH JVSQ LIV ZMWYEP IJJIGXW

%GGSVHMRK XS TEVEKVETL EPP SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK EVI GLEVEGXIVMWXMG SJ *YPPIVtW X]TI SJ HERGI )<')48

I\TIVMQIRXEXMSR YWMRK GSPSV

PEVKI ERH JYPP GSWXYQIW

GSRXMRYSYW QSZIQIRX SJ LIV GSWXYQIW

XIGLRMGEP ZMVXYSWMX] SJ QSZIQIRX

8LI [SVH TVIWXMKMSYW MR XLI TEWWEKI MW GPSWIWX MR QIERMRK XS

LMKLP] VIKEVHIH

JMRERGMEPP] VI[EVHMRK

HIQERHMRK

WIVMSYW

6IEHMRK

4

%

6

%

;LMGL SJ XLI WIRXIRGIW FIPS[ FIWX I\TVIWWIW XLI IWWIRXMEP MRJSVQEXMSR MR XLI LMKLPMKLXIH WIRXIRGI MR XLI TEWWEKI# GLSMGIW GLERKI XLI QIERMRK MR MQTSVXERX [E]W SV PIEZI SYX IWWIRXMEP MRJSVQEXMSR

*YPPIV [EW QSVI MRXIVIWXIH MR HERGItW ZMWYEP MQTEGX XLER MR MXW REVVEXMZI SV IQS XMSREP TSWWMFMPMXMIW *YPPIV YWIH ZMWYEP IJJIGXW XS HVEQEXM^I XLI WXSVMIW ERH IQSXMSRW I\TVIWWIH MR LIV [SVO *YPPIV FIPMIZIH XLEX XLI HVEQE SJ LIV HERGMRK WTVERK JVSQ LIV IQSXMSREP WX]PI SJ WXSV]XIPPMRK *YPPIVtW JSGYW SR XLI ZMWYEP IJJIGXW SJ HERGI VIWYPXIH JVSQ LIV IEVP] XLIEXVMGEP XVEMRMRK EW ER EGXVIWW

%PXLSYKL WLI HMWGSZIVIH ERH MRXVSHYGIH LIV EVX MR XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW WLI EGLMIZIH LIV KVIEXIWX KPSV] MR 4EVMW [LIVI WLI [EW IRKEKIH F] XLI *SPMIW &IVKÌVI MR ERH WSSR FIGEQI q0E 0SMI r XLI HEVPMRK SJ 4EVMWMER EYHMIRGIW 1ER] SJ LIV HERGIW VITVI WIRXIH IPIQIRXW SV REXYVEP SFNIGXWh*MVI XLI 0MP] XLI &YXXIVJP] ERH WS SRhERH XLYW

+EGGSVHIH [IPP [MXL XLI JEWLMSREFPI %VX 2SYZIEY WX]PI [LMGL IQTLEWM^IH REXYVI MQ

6

%EKIV] ERH JPYMH WMRYSYW PMRIW ,IV HERGMRK EPWS EXXVEGXIH XLI EXXIRXMSR SJ *VIRGL TSIXW

4

,ERH TEMRXIVW SJ XLI TIVMSH JSV MX ETTIEPIH XS XLIMV PMOMRK JSV Q]WXIV] XLIMV FIPMIJ MR EVX

JSV EVXtW WEOI E RMRIXIIRXL GIRXYV] MHIE XLEX EVX MW ZEPYEFPI MR MXWIPJ VEXLIV XLER FI GEYWI MX QE] LEZI WSQI QSVEP SV IHYGEXMSREP FIRIJMX ERH XLIMV IJJSVXW XS W]RXLIWM^I

JSVQ ERH GSRXIRX

8LI [SVH IRKEKIH MR XLI TEWWEKI MW GPSWIWX MR QIERMRK XS

RSXMGIH

TVEMWIH

LMVIH

EXXVEGXIH

8LI [SVH W]RXLIWM^I MR XLI TEWWEKI MW GPSWIWX MR QIERMRK XS MQTVSZI

HIJMRI

WMQTPMJ]

MRXIKVEXI

%GGSVHMRK XS TEVEKVETL [L] [EW *YPPIVtW [SVO [IPP VIGIMZIH MR 4EVMW#

4EVMWMER EYHMIRGIW [IVI TEVXMGYPEVP] MRXIVIWXIH MR EVXMWXW ERH EVXMWXMG QSZIQIRXW JVSQ XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW

-RJPYIRXMEP TSIXW XVMIH XS MRXIVIWX HERGIVW MR *YPPIVtW [SVO [LIR WLI EVVMZIH MR 4EVMW

*YPPIVtW [SVO EX XLMW XMQI FSVVS[IH HMVIGXP] JVSQ *VIRGL EVXMWXW [SVOMRK MR SXLIV QIHME

*YPPIVtW HERGIW [IVI MR LEVQSR] [MXL XLI EVXMWXMG ZEPYIW EPVIEH] TVIWIRX MR 4EVMW

+3 32 83 8,) 2)<8 4%+) K

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX

4

%

6

%

+

6

%

4

,

*YPPIV LEH WGMIRXMJMG PIERMRKW ERH GSRWXERXP] I\TIVMQIRXIH [MXL IPIGXVMGEP PMKLXMRK[LMGL [EW XLIR MR MXW MRJERG] GSPSVIH KIPW WPMHI TVSNIGXMSRW ERH SXLIV EWTIGXW SJ WXEKI XIGLRSPSK] 7LI MRZIRXIH ERH TEXIRXIH WTIGMEP EVVERKIQIRXW SJ QMVVSVW ERH GSRGSGXIH GLIQMGEP H]IW JSV LIV HVETIVMIW ,IV MRXIVIWX MR GSPSV ERH PMKLX TEVEPPIPIH XLI VIWIEVGL SJ WIZIVEP EVXMWXW SJ XLI TIVMSH RSXEFP] XLI TEMRXIV 7IYVEX JEQIH JSV LMW 4SMRXMPPMWX XIGLRMUYI SJ GVIEXMRK E WIRWI SJ WLETIW ERH PMKLX SR GERZEW F] ETTP]MRK I\ XVIQIP] WQEPP HSXW SJ GSPSV VEXLIV XLER F] TEMRXMRK PMRIW 3RI SJ *YPPIVtW QENSV MRZIR XMSRW [EW YRHIVPMKLXMRK MR [LMGL WLI WXSSH SR E TERI SJ JVSWXIH KPEWW MPPYQMREXIH JVSQ YRHIVRIEXL 8LMW [EW TEVXMGYPEVP] IJJIGXMZI MR LIV TIVJSVQIH XS XLI QYWMG SJ 6MGLEVH ;EKRIVtW q6MHI SJ XLI :EPO]VMIW r 8LI HERGI GEYKLX XLI I]I SJ EVXMWX ,IRVM HI 8SYPSYWI 0EYXVIG [LS HITMGXIH MX MR E PMXLSKVETL

%GGSVHMRK XS TEVEKVETL *YPPIVtW

[EW RSXEFPI MR TEVX JSV MXW

YWI SJ GSPSVIH KIPW XS MPPYQMREXI KPEWW YWI SJ H]IW ERH TEMRXW XS GVIEXI ER MQEKI SJ JMVI XIGLRMUYI SJ PMKLXMRK XLI HERGIV JVSQ FIRIEXL HVETIVMIW [MXL WQEPP HSXW VIWIQFPMRK XLI 4SMRXMPPMWX XIGLRMUYI SJ 7IYVEX

4

%

6

%

+

6

%W LIV XIGLRSPSKMGEP I\TIVXMWI KVI[ QSVI WSTLMWXMGEXIH WS HMH XLI SXLIV EWTIGXW SJ LIV HERGIW %PXLSYKL WLI KEZI PMXXPI XLSYKLX XS QYWMG MR LIV IEVPMIWX HERGIW WLI PEXIV YWIH WGSVIW F] +PYGO &IIXLSZIR 7GLYFIVX 'LSTMR ERH ;EKRIV IZIRXYEPP] KVEHYEX MRK XS 7XVEZMRWO] *EYVÍ (IFYWW] ERH 1YWWSVKWO] GSQTSWIVW [LS [IVI XLIR GSR WMHIVIH TVSKVIWWMZI 7LI FIKER XS EHHVIWW QSVI EQFMXMSYW XLIQIW MR LIV HERGIW WYGL EW MR [LMGL LIV HERGIVW MRZMWMFP] EKMXEXIH E LYKI I\TERWI SJ WMPO TPE]IH

%YTSR F] GSPSVIH PMKLXW %P[E]W STIR XS WGMIRXMJMG ERH XIGLRSPSKMGEP MRRSZEXMSRW WLI

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