Offi-Guid-TOEFL

%TTIRHM\

F*SV XLI QSVI HMJJMGYPX QEXIVMEP ]SY LEZI GLSWIR XS PMWXIR XS PMWXIR WIZIVEP XMQIW

*MVWX PMWXIR JSV XLI QEMR MHIEW ERH OI] HIXEMPW

8LIR PMWXIR EKEMR XS JMPP MR KETW MR ]SYV YRHIVWXERHMRK XS YRHIVWXERH XLI GSRRIGXMSRW FIX[IIR MHIEW XLI WXVYGXYVI SJ XLI XEPO ERH XLI WTIEOIVWt EXXMXYHI ERH XS HMWXMRKYMWL JEGX JVSQ STMRMSR

0IZIP -28)61)(-%8) i

8IWX XEOIVW [LS VIGIMZI E WGSVI EX XLI -28)61)(-%8) PIZIP EW ]SY HMH X]TMGEPP] YRHIVWXERH GSRZIVWEXMSRW ERH PIGXYVIW MR )RKPMWL XLEX TVIWIRX E [MHI VERKI SJ PMW XIRMRK HIQERHW 8LIWI HIQERHW GER MRGPYHI HMJJMGYPX ZSGEFYPEV] YRGSQQSR XIVQW SV GSPPSUYMEP SV JMKYVEXMZI PERKYEKI GSQTPI\ KVEQQEXMGEP WXVYGXYVIW ERH SV EFWXVEGX SV GSQTPI\ MHIEW ,S[IZIV PIGXYVIW ERH GSRZIVWEXMSRW XLEX VIUYMVI XLI PMWXIRIV XS QEOI WIRWI SJ YRI\TIGXIH SV WIIQMRKP] GSRXVEHMGXSV] MRJSVQEXMSR QE] TVIWIRX WSQI HMJJMGYPX]

;LIR PMWXIRMRK XS GSRZIVWEXMSRW ERH PIGXYVIW PMOI XLIWI XIWX XEOIVW EX XLI -28)6 1)(-%8) PIZIP X]TMGEPP] GER

FYRHIVWXERH I\TPMGMXP] WXEXIH QEMR MHIEW ERH MQTSVXERX HIXEMPW IWTIGMEPP] MJ XLI] EVI VIMRJSVGIH FYX QE] LEZI HMJJMGYPX] YRHIVWXERHMRK QEMR MHIEW

XLEX QYWX FI MRJIVVIH SV MQTSVXERX HIXEMPW XLEX EVI RSX VIMRJSVGIH

FYRHIVWXERH LS[ MRJSVQEXMSR MW FIMRK YWIH JSV I\EQTPI XS TVSZMHI WYTTSVX SV HIWGVMFI E WXIT MR E GSQTPI\ TVSGIWW

FVIGSKRM^I LS[ TMIGIW SJ MRJSVQEXMSR EVI GSRRIGXIH JSV I\EQTPI MR E GEYWI ERH IJJIGX VIPEXMSRWLMT

FYRHIVWXERH XLSYKL TIVLETW RSX GSRWMWXIRXP] [E]W XLEX WTIEOIVW YWI PERKYEKI JSV TYVTSWIW SXLIV XLER XS KMZI MRJSVQEXMSR JSV I\EQTPI XS

IQTLEWM^I E TSMRX I\TVIWW EKVIIQIRX SV HMWEKVIIQIRX SV GSRZI]

MRXIRXMSRW MRHMVIGXP] ERH

FW]RXLIWM^I MRJSVQEXMSR JVSQ EHNEGIRX TEVXW SJ E PIGXYVI SV GSRZIVWEXMSR ERH QEOI GSVVIGX MRJIVIRGIW SR XLI FEWMW SJ XLEX MRJSVQEXMSR FYX QE] LEZI HMJJMGYPX] W]RXLIWM^MRK MRJSVQEXMSR JVSQ WITEVEXI TEVXW SJ E PIGXYVI SV GSRZIVWEXMSR

4VEGXMGI PMWXIRMRK MR )RKPMWL HEMP] +VEHYEPP] MRGVIEWI XLI EQSYRX SJ XMQI XLEX ]SY WTIRH PMWXIRMRK XLI PIRKXL SJ XLI PMWXIRMRK WIPIGXMSRW ERH XLI HMJJMGYPX] SJ XLI QEXIVMEP

F 0MWXIR XS HMJJIVIRX OMRHW SJ QEXIVMEPW SR E ZEVMIX] SJ XSTMGW

X 7XEVX [MXL JEQMPMEV XSTMGW XLIR QSZI XS XSTMGW XLEX EVI RI[ XS ]SY

X0MWXIR XS EYHMS ERH ZMHIS QEXIVMEP SR XETI (:( SV VIGSVHIH JVSQ 8: VEHMS ERH XLI -RXIVRIX

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X0MWXIR XS TVSKVEQW [MXL EGEHIQMG GSRXIRX WYGL EW 23:% &&' ERH 246 FVSEHGEWXW

X 0MWXIR XS GSRZIVWEXMSRW ERH TLSRI VIGSVHMRKW

F 0MWXIR EGXMZIP]

X 8EOI RSXIW EW ]SY PMWXIR JSV QEMR MHIEW ERH MQTSVXERX HIXEMPW

X %WO ]SYVWIPJ EFSYX FEWMG MRJSVQEXMSR ;LS# ;LEX# ;LIR# ;LIVI# ;L]# ,S[#

X 1EOI TVIHMGXMSRW EFSYX [LEX ]SY [MPP LIEV RI\X

X 7YQQEVM^I

X ;VMXI HS[R RI[ [SVHW ERH I\TVIWWMSRW

F *SV QSVI HMJJMGYPX QEXIVMEP PMWXIR WIZIVEP XMQIW

*MVWX PMWXIR [MXL )RKPMWL WYFXMXPIW MJ XLI] EVI EZEMPEFPI

8LIR [MXLSYX WYFXMXPIW PMWXIR JSV XLI QEMR MHIEW ERH OI] HIXEMPW8LIR PMWXIR EKEMR XS JMPP MR KETW MR ]SYV FEWMG YRHIVWXERHMRK ERH XS

YRHIVWXERH XLI GSRRIGXMSRW

0IZIP 03; i

8IWX XEOIVW [LS VIGIMZI E WGSVI EX XLI 03; PIZIP EW ]SY HMH X]TMGEPP] YRHIVWXERH XLI QEMR MHIE ERH WSQI MQTSVXERX HIXEMPW SJ GSRZIVWEXMSRW ,S[IZIV XIWX XEOIVW EX XLI PS[ PIZIP QE] LEZI HMJJMGYPX] YRHIVWXERHMRK PIGXYVIW ERH GSRZIVWEXMSRW MR )RKPMWL XLEX MRZSPZI EFWXVEGX SV GSQTPI\ MHIEW ERH VIGSKRM^MRK XLI VIPEXMSRWLMT FIX[IIR XLSWI MHIEW 8IWX XEOIVW EX XLMW PIZIP EPWS QE] RSX YRHIVWXERH WIGXMSRW SJ PIGXYVIW ERH GSRZIVWEXMSRW XLEX GSRXEMR HMJJMGYPX ZSGEFYPEV] SV GSQTPI\ KVEQ QEXMGEP WXVYGXYVIW

8IWX XEOIVW EX XLI 03; PIZIP X]TMGEPP] GER

FYRHIVWXERH QEMR MHIEW [LIR XLI] EVI WXEXIH I\TPMGMXP] SV QEVOIH EW MQTSVXERX FYX QE] LEZI HMJJMGYPX] YRHIVWXERHMRK QEMR MHIEW MJ XLI] EVI RSX WXEXIH I\TPMGMXP]

FYRHIVWXERH MQTSVXERX HIXEMPW [LIR XLI] EVI WXEXIH I\TPMGMXP] SV QEVOIH EW MQTSVXERX FYX QE] LEZI HMJJMGYPX] YRHIVWXERHMRK HIXEMPW MJ XLI] EVI RSX VITIEXIH SV GPIEVP] QEVOIH EW MQTSVXERX SV MJ XLI] EVI GSRZI]IH SZIV

WIZIVEP I\GLERKIW EQSRK HMJJIVIRX WTIEOIVW

FYRHIVWXERH [E]W XLEX WTIEOIVW YWI PERKYEKI XS IQTLEWM^I E TSMRX SV XS MRHMGEXI EKVIIQIRX SV HMWEKVIIQIRX FYX KIRIVEPP] SRP] [LIR XLI MRJSVQEXMSR MW VIPEXIH XS E GIRXVEP XLIQI SV MW GPIEVP] QEVOIH EW MQTSVXERX ERH

FQEOI GSRRIGXMSRW FIX[IIR XLI OI] MHIEW MR E GSRZIVWEXMSR TEVXMGYPEVP] MJ XLI MHIEW EVI VIPEXIH XS E GIRXVEP XLIQI SV EVI VITIEXIH

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4VEGXMGI PMWXIRMRK MR )RKPMWL HEMP] +VEHYEPP] MRGVIEWI XLI EQSYRX SJ XMQI XLEX ]SY WTIRH PMWXIRMRK EW [IPP EW XLI PIRKXL SJ XLI MRHMZMHYEP PMWXIRMRK WIPIGXMSRW

F 0MWXIR XS HMJJIVIRX OMRHW SJ QEXIVMEPW SR E ZEVMIX] SJ XSTMGW

X 0MWXIR XS VIGSVHMRKW SR XSTMGW XLEX EVI JEQMPMEV XS ]SY

X 0MWXIR XS VIGSVHMRKW SJ )RKPMWL PIWWSRW

X 0MWXIR XS EYHMS ERH ZMHIS QEXIVMEP SR XETI (:( SV VIGSVHIH JVSQ 8:

X 0MWXIR XS WLSVX TVSKVEQW [MXL WSQI EGEHIQMG GSRXIRX

X 0MWXIR XS GSRZIVWEXMSRW

F 0MWXIR EGXMZIP]

X 8EOI RSXIW EW ]SY PMWXIR JSV QEMR MHIEW ERH MQTSVXERX HIXEMPW

X%WO ]SYVWIPJ EFSYX FEWMG MRJSVQEXMSR ;LS# ;LEX# ;LIR# ;LIVI# ;L]# ,S[#

X 1EOI TVIHMGXMSRW EFSYX [LEX ]SY [MPP LIEV RI\X

X 7YQQEVM^I

X ;VMXI HS[R RI[ [SVHW ERH I\TVIWWMSRW

F 0MWXIR WIZIVEP XMQIW XS IEGL VIGSVHMRK

*MVWX PMWXIR [MXL )RKPMWL WYFXMXPIW MJ XLI] EVI EZEMPEFPI

8LIR [MXLSYX WYFXMXPIW PMWXIR JSV XLI QEMR MHIEW ERH OI] HIXEMPW8LIR PMWXIR EKEMR XS JMPP MR KETW MR ]SYV FEWMG YRHIVWXERHMRK ERH XS

YRHIVWXERH XLI GSRRIGXMSRW FIX[IIR MHIEW

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7TIEOMRK 7OMPPW 7TIEOMRK %FSYX *EQMPMEV 8STMGW

0IZIP +33( i

=SYV VIWTSRWIW MRHMGEXI ER EFMPMX] XS GSQQYRMGEXI ]SYV TIVWSREP I\TIVMIRGIW ERH STMRMSRW IJJIGXMZIP] MR )RKPMWL 3ZIVEPP ]SYV WTIIGL MW GPIEV ERH JPYIRX =SYV YWI SJ ZSGEFYPEV] ERH KVEQQEV MW IJJIGXMZI [MXL SRP] QMRSV IVVSVW =SYV MHIEW EVI KIRIVEPP] [IPP HIZIPSTIH ERH I\TVIWWIH GSLIVIRXP]

0SSO JSV STTSVXYRMXMIW XS WTIEO XS REXMZI WTIEOIVW SJ )RKPMWL -RXIVEGXMSR [MXL SXLIVW [MPP MQTVSZI ]SYV WTIEOMRK EFMPMX]

F %WO E REXMZI WTIEOIV XS TVSZMHI JIIHFEGO SR ]SYV TVSRYRGMEXMSR

TVSFPIQW MJ ER]

F .SMR ER -RXIVRIX ZSMGI GLEX

0IZIP *%-6 i

=SYV VIWTSRWIW MRHMGEXI ]SY EVI EFPI XS WTIEO MR )RKPMWL EFSYX ]SYV TIVWSREP I\TIVMIRGIW ERH STMRMSRW MR E QSWXP] GPIEV ERH GSLIVIRX QERRIV =SYV WTIIGL MW QSWXP] GPIEV [MXL SRP] SGGEWMSREP IVVSVW +VEQQEV ERH ZSGEFYPEV] EVI WSQI[LEX PMQMXIH ERH MRGPYHI WSQI IVVSVW %X XMQIW XLI PMQMXEXMSRW TVIZIRX ]SY JVSQ IPEF SVEXMRK JYPP] SR ]SYV MHIEW FYX XLI] HS RSX WIVMSYWP] MRXIVJIVI [MXL SZIVEPP GSQ QYRMGEXMSR

8LMRO EFSYX XSTMGW VIPEXIH XS WXYHIRX PMJI [LEX X]TI SJ GPEWWIW ]SY IRNS] XEOMRK [LEX MW XLI FIWX TPEGI XS WXYH] [LIVI ]SY [SYPH TVIJIV XS PMZI ?SR SV SJJ GEQ TYWA

F;VMXI HS[R X[S VIEWSRW XS I\TPEMR ]SYV TVIJIVIRGI TVEGXMGI WTIEOMRK JSV SRI QMRYXI EFSYX IEGL XSTMG YWMRK GSRRIGXMRK [SVHW SV TLVEWIW XS LIPT I\TPEMR ]SYV STMRMSR qXLI VIEWSR - TVIJIV r qXLMW MW MQTSVXERX XS QI

FIGEYWIr

F4VEGXMGI WTIEOMRK JSV E PMQMXIH XMQI SR HMJJIVIRX XSTMGW [MXLSYX E PSX SJ TVITEVEXMSR 1EOI E PMWX SJ WSQI KIRIVEP WTIEOMRK XSTMGW TISTPI ]SY

EHQMVI TPEGIW ]SY IRNS] ZMWMXMRK XLMRKW ]SY IRNS] HSMRK

F 8LIR XLMRO SJ E WTIGMJMG I\EQTPI JSV IEGL XSTMG E TEVIRX XLI QEVOIX

VIEHMRK FSSOW

F8EPO EFSYX IEGL SRI JSV SRI QMRYXI I\TPEMRMRK [LEX ]SY EHQMVI SV IRNS] EFSYX IEGL

F6ITIEX ]SYV VIWTSRWIW XS IEGL XSTMG X[S SV XLVII XMQIW XS FYMPH YT JPYIRG]

%TTIRHM\

0IZIP 0-1-8)( i

=SYV VIWTSRWIW MRHMGEXI WSQI HMJJMGYPX] WTIEOMRK MR )RKPMWL EFSYX IZIV]HE] I\TI VMIRGIW ERH STMRMSRW 0MWXIRIVW WSQIXMQIW LEZI XVSYFPI YRHIVWXERHMRK ]SY FIGEYWI SJ RSXMGIEFPI TVSFPIQW [MXL TVSRYRGMEXMSR KVEQQEV ERH ZSGEFYPEV] ;LMPI ]SY EVI EFPI XS VIWTSRH TEVXMEPP] XS XLI UYIWXMSRW ]SY EVI RSX EFPI XS JYPP] HIZIPST ]SYV MHIEW TSWWMFP] HYI XS PMQMXIH ZSGEFYPEV] ERH KVEQQEV

+MZI ]SYVWIPJ EFSYX WIGSRHW XS XLMRO EFSYX [LEX ]SY HMH ]IWXIVHE] %JXIV WIGSRHW FIKMR XS VIGSYRX [LEX ]SY HMH 8V] XS XEPO JSV SRI QMRYXI

F 4E] EXXIRXMSR XS ]SYV YWI SJ XLI TEWX XIRWI

F8V] XS YWI GSRRIGXMRK [SVHW ERH TLVEWIW WYGL EW qJMVWX r qXLIR r q[LMPI - [EW r

+MZI ]SYVWIPJ EFSYX WIGSRHW XS XLMRO EFSYX [LEX ]SY [MPP TVSFEFP] HS XSQSV VS[ 8V] XS XEPO JSV SRI QMRYXI %JXIV WIGSRHW FIKMR XS XEPO EFSYX [LEX ]SY EVI

TPERRMRK XS HS

0IZIP ;)%/ i

=SYV VIWTSRWIW EVI MRGSQTPIXI 8LI] GSRXEMR PMXXPI SV RS GSRXIRX ERH EVI HMJJMGYPX JSV PMWXIRIVW XS YRHIVWXERH

4VEGXMGI WTIEOMRK EFSYX HMJJIVIRX XSTMGW [MXLSYX E PSX SJ TVITEVEXMSR ;VMXI HS[R WIZIVEP UYIWXMSRW EFSYX ZEVMSYW XSTMGW JSV I\EQTPI EFSYX ]SYV JEQMP] ]SYV LSF FMIW ]SYV JVMIRHW SV ]SYV WGLSSP 7IPIGX E UYIWXMSR ERH ERW[IV MX EPSYH 8LMRO SJ E WXSV] XLEX ]SY EVI JEQMPMEV [MXL 8IPP XLI WXSV] XS WIZIVEP HMJJIVIRX TISTPI 8V] XS XIPP XLI WXSV] JEWXIV IEGL XMQI

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7TIEOMRK 7OMPPW 7TIEOMRK %FSYX 'EQTYW 7MXYEXMSRW

0IZIP +33( i

=SYV VIWTSRWIW MRHMGEXI ER EFMPMX] XS WTIEO IJJIGXMZIP] MR )RKPMWL EFSYX VIEHMRK QEXIVMEP ERH GSRZIVWEXMSRW X]TMGEPP] IRGSYRXIVIH F] YRMZIVWMX] WXYHIRXW 3ZIVEPP ]SYV VIWTSRWIW EVI GPIEV ERH GSLIVIRX [MXL SRP] SGGEWMSREP IVVSVW SJ TVSRYRGME XMSR KVEQQEV SV ZSGEFYPEV]

0SSO JSV STTSVXYRMXMIW XS FYMPH ]SYV JPYIRG] MR )RKPMWL

F8EOI VMWOW ERH IRKEKI SXLIVW MR GSRZIVWEXMSR MR )RKPMWL [LIRIZIV TSWWMFPI

F .SMR ER -RXIVRIX GLEX VSSQ

0IZIP *%-6 i

=SYV VIWTSRWIW HIQSRWXVEXI ER EFMPMX] XS WTIEO MR )RKPMWL EFSYX VIEHMRK QEXIVMEP ERH I\TIVMIRGIW X]TMGEPP] IRGSYRXIVIH F] YRMZIVWMX] WXYHIRXW =SY EVI EFPI XS GSR ZI] VIPIZERX MRJSVQEXMSR EFSYX GSRZIVWEXMSRW RI[WTETIV EVXMGPIW ERH GEQTYW FYPPIXMRW LS[IZIV WSQI HIXEMPW EVI QMWWMRK SV MREGGYVEXI 0MQMXEXMSRW SJ KVEQ QEV ZSGEFYPEV] ERH TVSRYRGMEXMSR EX XMQIW GEYWI HMJJMGYPX] JSV XLI PMWXIRIV ,S[ IZIV XLI] HS RSX WIVMSYWP] MRXIVJIVI [MXL SZIVEPP GSQQYRMGEXMSR

4VEGXMGI WTIEOMRK )RKPMWL EFSYX IZIV]HE] XSTMGW XLEX EVI MQTSVXERX XS WXYHIRXWt PMZIW 8LMW [MPP HIZIPST ]SYV JPYIRG] ERH GSRJMHIRGI

F *MRH E WTIEOMRK TEVXRIV 7IX EWMHI XMQI IEGL [IIO XS TVEGXMGI WTIEOMRK [MXL ]SYV TEVXRIV MR )RKPMWL

F-J ]SY GERtX JMRH E REXMZI )RKPMWL WTIEOIV JMRH E JVMIRH [LS [ERXW XS TVEGXMGI WTIEOMRK )RKPMWL ERH TVSQMWI XS WTIEO SRP] )RKPMWL JSV E GIVXEMR TIVMSH SJ XMQI

F6IEH EVXMGPIW JVSQ GEQTYW RI[WTETIVW XLEX GER FI JSYRH SR XLI -RXIVRIX (MWGYWW XLI EVXMGPIW [MXL E WTIEOMRK TEVXRIV SV JVMIRH 4VEGXMGI WYQQEVM^MRK XLI EVXMGPIW ERH I\TVIWWMRK ]SYV STMRMSRW EFSYX XLI EVXMGPIW

%TTIRHM\

0IZIP 0-1-8)( i

=SYV VIWTSRWIW MRHMGEXI XLEX ]SY LEZI WSQI HMJJMGYPX] WTIEOMRK MR )RKPMWL EFSYX MRJSVQEXMSR JVSQ GSRZIVWEXMSRW RI[WTETIV EVXMGPIW YRMZIVWMX] TYFPMGEXMSRW ERH WS SR ;LMPI ]SY EVI EFPI XS XEPO EFSYX WSQI SJ XLI OI] MRJSVQEXMSR JVSQ XLIWI WSYVGIW PMQMXIH KVEQQEV ERH ZSGEFYPEV] QE] TVIZIRX ]SY JVSQ JYPP] I\TVIWWMRK ]SYV MHIEW 4VSFPIQW [MXL TVSRYRGMEXMSR QEOI MX HMJJMGYPX JSV PMWXIRIVW XS YRHIV WXERH ]SY EX XMQIW

(IZIPST JVMIRHWLMTW [MXL TISTPI [LS [ERX XS WTIEO )RKPMWL [MXL ]SY -RXIVEGXMSR [MXL SXLIVW [MPP MQTVSZI ]SYV WTIEOMRK EFMPMX] -J ]SY GERtX JMRH E REXMZI WTIEOIV JMRH E JVMIRH [LS [ERXW XS TVEGXMGI WTIEOMRK )RKPMWL ERH TVSQMWI XS WTIEO SRP] )RKPMWL JSV E GIVXEMR TIVMSH SJ XMQI

0IZIP ;)%/ i

=SYV VIWTSRWIW EVI MRGSQTPIXI 8LI] MRGPYHI PMXXPI SV RS MRJSVQEXMSR EFSYX XLI XSTMG =SYV WTIIGL MW SJXIR HMJJMGYPX JSV PMWXIRIVW XS YRHIVWXERH ERH XLI QIERMRK

8EOI E GSRZIVWEXMSR GPEWW 8LMW [MPP LIPT MQTVSZI ]SYV JPYIRG] ERH TVSRYRGMEXMSR MR )RKPMWL

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7TIEOMRK 7OMPPW 7TIEOMRK %FSYX %GEHIQMG 'SYVWI 'SRXIRX

0IZIP +33( i

=SYV VIWTSRWIW HIQSRWXVEXI ER EFMPMX] XS GSQQYRMGEXI IJJIGXMZIP] MR )RKPMWL EFSYX EGEHIQMG XSTMGW X]TMGEP SJ JMVWX ]IEV YRMZIVWMX] WXYHMIW =SYV WTIIGL MW QSWXP] GPIEV ERH JPYIRX =SY EVI EFPI XS YWI ETTVSTVMEXI ZSGEFYPEV] ERH KVEQQEV XS I\TPEMR GSRGITXW ERH MHIEW JVSQ VIEHMRK SV PIGXYVI QEXIVMEP =SY EVI EFPI XS XEPO EFSYX OI] MRJSVQEXMSR ERH VIPIZERX HIXEMPW [MXL SRP] QMRSV MREGGYVEGMIW

6IGSVH ]SYVWIPJ ERH XLIR PMWXIR ERH XVERWGVMFI [LEX ]SY WEMH

F6IEH E WLSVX EVXMGPI JVSQ E RI[WTETIV SV XI\XFSSO 6IGSVH ]SYVWIPJ WYQQEVM^MRK XLI EVXMGPI

F8VERWGVMFI XLI VIGSVHMRK ERH VIZMI[ XLI XVERWGVMTXMSR 8LMRO EFSYX SXLIV [E]W XS WE] XLI WEQI XLMRK

0IZIP *%-6 i

=SYV VIWTSRWIW HIQSRWXVEXI XLEX ]SY EVI EFPI XS WTIEO MR )RKPMWL EFSYX EGE HIQMG VIEHMRK ERH PIGXYVI QEXIVMEP [MXL SRP] QMRSV GSQQYRMGEXMSR TVSFPIQW *SV XLI QSWX TEVX ]SYV WTIIGL MW GPIEV ERH IEW] XS YRHIVWXERH ,S[IZIV WSQI TVSFPIQW [MXL TVSRYRGMEXMSR ERH MRXSREXMSR QE] SGGEWMSREPP] GEYWI HMJJMGYPX] JSV XLI PMWXIRIV =SYV YWI SJ KVEQQEV ERH ZSGEFYPEV] MW EHIUYEXI XS XEPO EFSYX XLI XSTMGW FYX WSQI MHIEW EVI RSX JYPP] HIZIPSTIH SV EVI MREGGYVEXI

4VEGXMGI WTIEOMRK JSV E PMQMXIH XMQI SR HMJJIVIRX EGEHIQMG XSTMGW

F6IEH E WLSVX EVXMGPI JVSQ E RI[WTETIV SV E XI\XFSSO ;VMXI HS[R OI] GSRXIRX [SVHW JVSQ XLI EVXMGPI

F;VMXI HS[R SV UYIWXMSRW EFSYX XLI EVXMGPI XLEX MRGPYHI XLI GSRXIRX [SVHW

F4VEGXMGI ERW[IVMRK XLI UYIWXMSRW EPSYH 8V] XS MRGPYHI XLI GSRXIRX [SVHW MR ]SYV VIWTSRWI

F %JXIV TVEGXMGMRK VIGSVH ]SYV ERW[IVW XS XLI UYIWXMSRW

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0IZIP 0-1-8)( i

-R ]SYV VIWTSRWIW ]SY EVI EFPI XS YWI )RKPMWL XS XEPO EFSYX XLI FEWMG MHIEW JVSQ EGEHIQMG VIEHMRK SV PIGXYVI QEXIVMEPW FYX MR KIRIVEP ]SY MRGPYHI JI[ VIPIZERX SV EGGYVEXI HIXEMPW -X MW WSQIXMQIW HMJJMGYPX JSV PMWXIRIVW XS YRHIVWXERH ]SYV VIWTSRWIW FIGEYWI SJ TVSFPIQW [MXL KVEQQEV ZSGEFYPEV] ERH TVSRYRGMEXMSR 3ZIVEPP ]SY EVI EFPI XS VIWTSRH MR E KIRIVEP [E] XS XLI UYIWXMSRW FYX XLI EQSYRX SJ MRJSVQEXMSR MR ]SYV VIWTSRWIW MW PMQMXIH ERH XLI I\TVIWWMSR SJ MHIEW MW SJXIR ZEKYI ERH YRGPIEV

4VEGXMGI WTIEOMRK EFSYX GYVVIRX IZIRXW

F6IEH RI[WTETIV EVXMGPIW IHMXSVMEPW ERH MRJSVQEXMSR EFSYX GYPXYVEP IZIRXW MR )RKPMWL 7LEVI XLI MRJSVQEXMSR XLEX ]SY VIEH [MXL E JVMIRH MR )RKPMWL

F:MWMX E YRMZIVWMX] GPEWW ERH XEOI RSXIW MR XLI GPEWW 8LIR YWI ]SYV RSXIW XS XIPP E JVMIRH EFSYX WSQI SJ XLI MRJSVQEXMSR ]SY LIEVH MR )RKPMWL

F(IZIPST ]SYV EGEHIQMG ZSGEFYPEV] ;VMXI HS[R MQTSVXERX RI[ [SVHW XLEX ]SY GSQI EGVSWW [LMPI VIEHMRK SV PMWXIRMRK ERH TVEGXMGI TVSRSYRGMRK XLIQ

F0MWXIR XS E [IEXLIV VITSVX ERH XEOI RSXIW SR [LEX ]SY LIEVH 8LIR KMZI XLI [IEXLIV VITSVX XS E JVMIRH MR )RKPMWL

0IZIP ;)%/ i

=SYV VIWTSRWIW EVI MRGSQTPIXI 8LI] MRGPYHI PMXXPI SV RS MRJSVQEXMSR EFSYX XLI XSTMG =SYV WTIIGL MW SJXIR HMJJMGYPX JSV PMWXIRIVW XS YRHIVWXERH ERH XLI QIERMRK

-RGVIEWI ]SYV ZSGEFYPEV] ERH MQTVSZI ]SYV KVEQQEV MR ]SYV WTIIGL

F 7XYH] FEWMG KVEQQEV VYPIW WS XLEX ]SYV WTIIGL MW KVEQQEXMGEPP] GSVVIGX

F%W ]SY PIEVR RI[ [SVHW ERH I\TVIWWMSRW TVEGXMGI TVSRSYRGMRK XLIQ GPIEVP] 6IGSVH ]SYVWIPJ EW ]SY TVEGXMGI

%TTIRHM\

;VMXMRK 7OMPPW ;VMXMRK &EWIH SR 6IEHMRK ERH 0MWXIRMRK

0IZIP +33( i

=SY VIWTSRHIH [IPP XS XLI XEWO VIPEXMRK XLI PIGXYVI XS XLI VIEHMRK ;IEORIWWIW MJ

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