POSOBIE_Bazovy_kurs

involved in politics and gave up law when she was elected to the Parliament in 1959. From 1970 to 1974 she was Secretary of State for Education. In 1975 she became leader of the Conservative Party which was the Opposition. In 1979 she beat the Labour Party and took office as Prime Minister, Britain's first woman Prime Minister.

Thatcher privatized publicly-owned industries and made cuts in state education, hospitals, and welfare benefits. In early 1980's, Britain was facing unemployment, inflation, problems of Northern Ireland. In 1982, Britain became involved in an undeclared war against Argentina in the Falkland Islands. After the victory in the Falklands, she had an image of a strong, authoritative leader. In the 1988 election campaign, she won with a large majority of votes. In 1987 she won her third term as Prime Minister defeating the Labour Party which suffered from loss of votes due to the newly formed alliance with Liberal.

On November 22, 1990, Mrs. Thatcher resigned. The «Iron Lady» who believed it was her destiny to reshape the British nation shed tears as she made the historic announcement. Three men were candidates for the post of Prime Minister. John Major was to win.

	Vocabulary
scholarship	‒	стипендия
research chemist	‒	химик-исследователь
successful	‒	преуспевающий
to be involved	‒	быть вовлеченным
to give up	‒	бросить
Secretary of State for
Education	‒	министр образования
Labour Party	‒	лейбористская партия
unemployment	‒	безработица
undeclared war	‒	необъявленная война
vote	‒	голос (на выборах)
term	‒	срок
alliance	‒	союз, блок
Liberal Party	‒	лейбористская партия
to resign	‒	подать в отставку
to reshape	‒	изменить
announcement	‒	заявление

6.30.Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту.

1.When was Margaret Thatcher born?

2.What did she study at the university?

3.What were the major steps on her way to the post of Prime Minister?

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4.What party was Margaret Thatcher leader of?

5.What policy did Margaret Thatcher conduct?

6.How long did she stay at the post of Prime Minister?

7.When did she resign?

8.What was the nickname of Margaret Thatcher while she was British Prime Minister?

9.Who became the next Prime Minister?

10.What do you know about Margaret Thatcher’s private life?

6.31. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.

Margaret Thatcher was already involved ... politics and gave ... law when she was elected ... the Parliament ... 1959.

... 1970 ... 1974 she was Secretary ... State ... Education.

... the victory ... the Falklands, she had an image ... a strong, authoritative leader.

... the 1988 election campaign, she won ... a large majority ... votes.

... 1987 she won her third term as Prime Minister defeating the Labour Party which suffered ... loss ... votes due ... the newly formed alliance ...

Liberal.

________________________________________________________________________________

in (5), of (4), to (3), from (2), with (2), after, for, up.

6.32.Верны ли следующие высказывания?

1.Margaret Thatcher won a scholarship to Oxford to study law.

2.She was Secretary of State for Education.

3.In 1979 she became the first woman Prime Minister in Britain.

4.Thatcher’s period in office was marked by privatization of nationalized industries.

5.In 1990 John Major defeated Mrs. Thatcher.

6.33.Подготовьте презентацию о Маргарет Тэтчер: ее личной жизни / политической карьере.

6.34.Составьте план прочитанного текста и подготовьте его пересказ.

6.35.Подготовьте презентацию об одном из выдающихся политических деятелей Великобритании.

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PART E

THE ROYAL FAMILY

At present the British royal family is headed by Queen Elizabeth. When the Queen was born on the 21st of April 1926, her grandfather, King George V, was on the throne and her uncle was his heir. The death of her grandfather and the abdication of her uncle brought her father to the throne as King George VI.

As a child she studied constitutional history and law as well as art and music. In addition she learned to ride and acquired her enthusiasm for horses. As she grew older she began to take part in public life, making her first broadcast at the age of 14.

The marriage of the young Princess Elizabeth to Philip, Duke of Edinburgh took place in November 1947. She came to the throne of her father's death in 1952 and was crowned in Westminster Abbey in June 1953.

Among Queen Elizabeth's many duties are the regular visits she makes to foreign countries, and especially those of the Commonwealth, whose interests and welfare are very important to her. The Queen has allowed the BBC to make a documentary film about the everyday of the royal family. She also started the tradition of the «walkabout», an informal feature of an otherwise formal royal visit, when she walks among the public crowds and stops to talk to some people.

The annual Christmas broadcast made by the Queen on radio and television has become a traditional and popular feature of the season, and there were widespread celebrations and special programmes of events in 1977 to mark her Silver Jubilee.

The Queen's husband, Duke of Edinburgh was born in 1926 and served in the Royal Navy. He takes a great deal of interest in industry, in the achievements of young people (he founded Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme in 1956) and in saving raise wild animals from extinction.

The Queen's heir is Charles, Prince of Wales, who was born in 1948, married Lady Diana Spencer and has two children, Prince William and Prince Harry. The Prince of Wales is well-known as a keen promoter of British interests.

In recent years he has become outspoken on such controversial topics as modern architecture, violence in films and on television, and the standard of English teaching in schools. His wife Diana, Princess of Wales (often called in mass media Princess Di), won the affection of many people by her modesty, shyness and beauty. Unfortunately, she died in a car accident in August, 1997.

The Queen's other children are Princess Anne (born in 1950), Prince Andrew (born in 1960) and Prince Edward (born in 1964). Anne, Princess Royal,

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has acquired a reputation for being arrogant, but in recent years has become quite popular with the general public.

The Queen is widely known for her interest in horses and horse-racing. She is now president of the Save the Children Fund, Chancellor of the University of London and carries out many public engagements.

Prince Andrew, Duke of York, served as a helicopter pilot in the Royal Navy. In 1986 he married Miss Sarah Ferguson (Fergie, for short) and has two daughters.

Prince Edward is keen on the theatre. This interest began while he was at university. He quit the Royal Marines, and is now pursuing a career with a theatrical company.

The Queen Mother, the widow of the late King George VI, celebrated her one hundred birthday in 2000 and died in 2002. The Queen's only sister, Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, is well-known for her charity work.

		Vocabulary
	heir	‒	наследник
	abdication	‒	отречение
	enthusiasm	‒	увлечение
	to grow older	‒	взрослеть
	to make one's	‒	выступать в радиопередаче
	broadcast
	duke	‒	герцог
	to crown	‒	короновать
	welfare	‒	благосостояние
	to signify	‒	выражать
	monarchy	‒	монархия
	annual	‒	годовой
	widespread	‒	распространенный
	the Royal Navy	‒	Королевский флот
	keen promoter	‒	ярый защитник
	outspoken	‒	откровенный, прямой
	controversial	‒	противоречивый
	for short	‒	сокращенно

6.36.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.By whom is the British royal family headed at present?

2.When was the Queen Elizabeth crowned?

3.What did the Queen Elizabeth study as a child?

4.What tradition did she start?

5.When was the Queen's husband born?

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6.What does he take a great interest in?

7.Who did Prince Charles marry?

8.What are the names of the Queen's other children?

9.Who will be the next monarch?

10.What has happened in the Royal family for the last five years?

6.37.Выберете из текста предложение и поставьте к нему все типы вопросов.

6.38.На основе текста составьте заведомо верные (true) и ложные (false) высказывания, спросите у других студентов, соответствует ли информация действительности.

6.39.Выполните перевод с русского на английский язык.

1.Елизавета II взошла на престол 6 февраля 1952 года в возрасте 25 лет после кончины своего отца короля Георга VI.

2.Королева Елизавета является главой Британского Содружества наций и, помимо Великобритании, королевой 15 независимых государств (Австралия, Антигуа и Барбуда, Багамские Острова, Барбадос, Белиз, Гренада, Канада, Новая Зеландия, Папуа — Новая Гвинея, Сент-Винсент и Гренадины, Сент-Китс и Невис, Сент-Люсия, Соломоновы Острова, Тувалу, Ямайка).

3.В королевской семье четверо детей: наследник престола принц Чарльз Уэльский (14 ноября 1948), принцесса Анна, т.н. «принцесса королевской крови» («Princess Royal») (15 августа 1950), принц Эндрю, герцог Йоркский (19 февраля 1960), принц Эдуард, граф Уэссекский (10 марта 1964).

4.Королевы увлекается разведением собак (корги, спаниели и лабрадоры), фотографией, садоводством, катанием на лошадях, а также любит путешествовать.

5.22 июля 2013 года королева Елизавета стала прабабушкой принца Джорджа Кембриджского, третьего по линии наследования престола.

6.40.Составьте генеалогическое древо королевской семьи. Используя его, подготовьте сообщение о всей королевской семье. Вы также можете рассказать о любом члене королевской фамилии.

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PART F

LONDON AND ITS PLACES OF INTEREST

If you happen to be on a visit to England, it will be of great use for you to know a few facts about the capital of the country whose language you are studying.

London is an ancient city. It grew up around the first point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a bridge. They founded a small Celtic settlement then known as Londinium and by A.D. 300 they had turned it into a sizeable port and an important trading centre.

London today stretches for nearly 30 miles from north to south and for nearly 30 miles from east to west. This is the area known as “Greater London” with a population of eight million people.

If you fly low over London in a helicopter, for example, you will see below you the winding line of the river Thames flowing from west to east and dividing London into two parts known as the north bank and the south bank.

Those who come to learn London’s history will find much to interest them in the City, the heart of the business and financial life of the country. Here most of the streets are narrow and run down to the Thames, the traffic is slow. It is a very small part of London, only one square mile in area but it is one of the busiest parts of the capital. High office buildings stand on either side of the narrow streets, all business firms are concentrated here.

The most striking building of the City today is St.Paul’s Cathedral designed by Sir Christopher Wren, a famous English architect of the 17th century. People say that the cathedral is one of the finest Renaissance churches in Europe.

About two miles westward is another part of London that now is called the West End. Here you will see Westminster Abbey, at which all British kings and queens are crowned. It dates back to 1049. Many famous people are buried in the Abbey; among them are Newton, Darwin, Dickens and Kipling.

Across the road from Westminster Abbey there are the Houses of Parliament with its famous Big Ben, a huge clock built just over a century ago. In this part of London and further west, there are the finest theatres, cinemas and concert halls, large museums, hotels, restaurants, the most famous shops and numerous parks. That is the part where rich people live.

To the east of the city there is the Port of London. Here today are miles and miles of docks and the great industrial area that depends upon shipping. This is the East End of London, unattractive in appearance, but very important to the

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country’s commerce. The streets here are narrow and dirty, the houses are overcrowded. This part of the capital is famous for the Tower of London, one of the most ancient and interesting places in the city.

It is certain that a foreigner must be surprised by the sight of London. It will seem noisy, overcrowded and filled with undisciplined-looking buildings.

On the other hand, London is very attractive for tourists. It’s very old and full of historical places, full of customs and traditions. Englishmen themselves are a mixture of past and present, of the old-fashioned and the very modern.

Visitors are usually greatly surprised by the number of bridges across the river Thames. The capital has 14 bridges, the famous London Bridge being the biggest of them.

The streets of London are always of great interest for tourists. In some parts of London they are very much alike, as the houses are the same in style and colour. The houses are not big; they are mostly two-storeyed buildings with many front doors and many little gardens.

There is a lot of traffic in the streets of the town: endless lines of buses, many of which are double-deckers, motorcars and taxies. The traffic regulations in London differ from ours: they drive on the left side of the road instead of the right. And when you try to cross the road, you feel that you need eyes all round your head.

The quickest way to get about London is the Underground, or “the Tube”.

It seems that everyone in the London Underground is always in a hurry. Men are running fast, carrying their bags, umbrellas and newspapers. They are busy

Londoners; they are “saving time”.

	Vocabulary
to be of great use	‒	иметь большое применение
ancient	‒	древний
invader	‒	захватчик
settlement	‒	поселение
by A. D. 300	‒	к 300 г. н. э.
to turn … into	‒	превратить ... в
to stretch	‒	простираться
helicopter	‒	вертолет
winding line	‒	извилистая линия
traffic	‒	движение транспорта
square mile	‒	квадратная миля
striking	‒	поразительный
to date back to	‒	датироваться, восходить к
		97

further west	‒	западнее
in appearance	‒	по/во внешности
commerce	‒	торговля, коммерция
foreigner	‒	иностранец
on the one hand	‒	с одной стороны
on the other hand	‒	с другой стороны
double-decker	‒	двухэтажный автобус
motorcar	‒	легковой автомобиль
to differ from	‒	отличаться от
instead of	‒	вместо
underground	‒	метро
to be in a hurry	‒	спешить
6.41. Найдите в тексте		английские эквиваленты слов и

словосочетаний, имеющих следующее произношение.

A.Некоторые факты; столица; найти; мост; поселение; торговый центр; вертолет; река; берег; движение транспорта; здание; короновать; магазин; промышленный район; переполненный; подземное метро.

B.ˈeɪnʃ(ə)nt; ɪnˈveɪdəz; ɪˈnʌf; lɒnˈdɪnɪəm; ˈhɛlɪkɒptə; ˈwɪndɪŋ; ˈbɪznɪs; ˈstraɪkɪŋ; kəˈθiːdrəl; ˈɑːkɪtɛkt; ˈsɛnʧʊri; rəˈneɪsəns ˈʧɜːʧɪz; ˈwɛstwəd; ˈbɛrid;

əˈkrɒs;	ˈwɛstˌmɪnstər ˈæbi;	hjuːʤ; ˈʃɪpɪŋ; ˌʌnəˈtræktɪv;	ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd;	ˈfɒrɪnə;
saɪt; ˈnɔɪzi; ʌnˈdɪsɪplɪnd ˈlʊkɪŋ; hɪsˈtɒrɪkəl; ˈkʌstəmz;			ˈmɪksʧə; tuː	ˈstɔːrɪd;
ˈtræfɪk;	ˈɛndlɪs; ˈdʌblˈdɛkəz;	ˈkwɪkɪst; ˈʌndəgraʊnd; tjuːb; ˈhʌri; ˈlʌndənəz.

6.42. Сопоставьте слова и их дефиниции.

1.double-decker a. a place newly peopled; colony

2.motorcar b. the part of London where many important

financial institutions have their main offices

3. taxi c. an urban area that has a name, defined boundaries, and local government, and that is generally larger than a village

4.settlement d. a car driven by a person whose job is to take

			people where they want to go in return for money
5.	town	e.	the part of London containing the main shopping
			and entertainment areas
6.	city	f.	the inner London borough which contains the
			Houses of Parliament and many government
			offices

7.the West End g. a large urban area that has a name, defined

boundaries, and local government

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8.the East End h. a bus that has two levels, so that passengers can sit

	upstairs or downstairs
9. the City	i. the densely populated part of London containing
	former industrial and dock areas
10. Westminster	j. a self-propelled road vehicle designed to carry
	passengers, esp. one with four wheels that is
	powered by an internal-combustion engine

6.43.Отработайте произношение следующих числительных.

ВЛондоне 13 линий метро, 17 музеев и галерей с бесплатным входом, 23 казино, 24 университета и колледжа, где обучаются 350 000 студентов, 36 охранников (бифитеров или йоменов) в Тауэре, 76 спектаклей, включая мюзиклы, оперы, балеты, ежедневно даются в Лондоне, 147 театров, 147 парков и садов, включая 8 королевских парков, 200 фестивалей и карнавалов ежегодно проходят в Лондоне, 311 ночных клубов, 3 800 пабов, 6 128 ресторанов, более 40 000 магазинов, 80 небольших рынков, 12 цветов, в которые теперь раскрашены знаменитые «черные кэбы»: черный (Black), городской синий (City Blue), бриллиантовый белый (Diamond White), солнечный желтый (Sunburst Yellow), шервудский зеленый (Sherwood Green), синий атлантик (Atlantic Blue), фиолетовый (Thistle Blue), темно-зеленый (British racing green),

темно-красный (Nightfire Red), синий оксфордский (Oxford Blue), серый шторм (Storm Grey), платиновый серебряный (Platinum Silver).

43 год н.э. ― начало истории Лондона

604 г. ― возведен первый собор Св. Павла (St. Paul's Cathedral)

1066 г. ― Вильгельм Завоеватель (William the Conqueror) коронован королем Англии

1176 г. ― возведен первый каменный мост Лондона (London Bridge) 1191 г. ― Лондон получил право на самоуправление

1560 г. ― основана Королевская биржа (Royal Exchange) 1599 г. ― построен театр Глобус (The Globe Theatre) 1666 г. ― великий пожар (Great Fire) в Лондоне

1829 г. ― Роберт Пил (Sir Robert Peel) организует городскую полицию 1830 г. ― создана Трафальгарская площадь (Trafalgar Square)

1859 г. ― построена башня с часами Биг Бен (Big Ben)

1860 г. ― начало строительства первой линии лондонского метро 1946 г. ― первый рейс совершен из нового аэропорта Хитроу (Heathrow)

1956 г. ― на лондонские улицы вышли первые двухэтажные красные автобусы (double-decker)

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1 января 2000 года ― открыт выставочный центр Миллениум Доум

(Millennium Dome)

вЛондоне 7.00 ― в Москве 11.00

вЛондоне 8.30 ― в Токио 17.30

вЛондоне 9.15 ― в Минске 12.15

вЛондоне 10.55 ― в Мадриде 11.55

вЛондоне 12.00 ― в Дели 17.30

вЛондоне 13.35 ― в Пекине 21.35

вЛондоне 14.20 ― в Париже 15.20

вЛондоне 15.45 ― в Праге 16.45

вЛондоне 16.10 ― в Оттаве 11.10

вЛондоне 17.50 ― в Вашингтоне 12.50

вЛондоне 18.05 ― в Каире 20.05

вЛондоне 19.35 ― в Риме 20.35

вЛондоне 20.50 ― в Рио-де-Жанейро 17.50

вЛондоне 21.30 ― в Афинах 23.30

вЛондоне 22.25 ― в Гаване 17.25

6.44. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.

THE TOWER OF LONDON

The Tower of London has been “Fortress, Palace,

Home for the Crown Jewels and national treasures, Arsenal, Mint, Prison, Observatory, Zoo and tourist attraction”. There is more of London's history in the Tower than anywhere else.

The oldest part of the Tower of London is …. It was built as a … and family residence by William

the Conqueror in 1078. King Henry III ordered the Tower be whitewashed.

Today the White Tower houses the unique… .

TOWER BRIDGE

Tower Bridge was opened in 1894, built in ….

The bascules are opened by electricity and will open to let … pass through. The Bridge is … of

London which attracts the tourists.

BUCKINGHAM PALACE

Buckingham Palace has been a home for the British

Kings and Queens for three hundred years. It’s the

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