POSOBIE_Bazovy_kurs

4.Английский язык ― это официальный и рабочий язык Организации Объединенных Наций.

5.Это язык саммитов, конференций, бизнеса и торговли, науки и техники, Интернета.

6.Любой международный документ, статья, художественное произведение, инструкция, плакат, книга, песня, письмо, написанные на английском языке, будут поняты и прочитаны представителями разных народов.

7.В современном мире английский язык стал языком международного общения.

8.Финн и турок, венгр и араб, русский и француз, не зная языка друг друга, смогут объясниться между собой на английском языке.

9.Изучение английского языка ― не пустая трата времени.

10.Владение английским языком ― это показатель интеллекта и профессионализма.

1.10. Составьте план текста «English in the world» и подготовьте его пересказ.

PART B

ENGLISH IS THE LANGUAGE OF COMMUNICATION

«Do you speak English?» — with this phrase begins the conversation between two people that speak different languages and want to find a common language.

It’s very good when you hear: «Yes, I do», and start talking. People of different countries and nations have to get along well with the progress in world trade and technology as well as with each other.

So it is very useful to learn foreign languages. Knowledge of foreign languages helps us to develop friendship and understanding among people.

English is very popular now. It's the language of computers, science, business, sport and politics. It's spoken all over the world. It is the official language of the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States of America, Canada, Australia. There are more than 750 million speakers of English in the world.

Speaking a foreign language you can read papers, magazines and original books by great writers, watch satellite TV Programs. If you like travelling you can go anywhere without being afraid that other people will not understand you. English is very important to find a good job.

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	Vocabulary
conversation, n	‒	разговор
common, adj	‒	общий
world trade	‒	мировая торговля
get along with, v	‒	ладить, уживаться
foreign, adj	‒	иностранный
develop, v	‒	развивать(ся)
science, n	‒	наука
satellite, n	‒	спутник
be afraid, v	‒	бояться

1.11.Прочитайте текст и скажите, почему английский язык так популярен сегодня.

1.12.Выберите из текста предложение и поставьте к нему все типы вопросов.

1.13.Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.

1.There are about 200 languages that have a million or more native speakers. Mandarin Chinese, Hindi (India) and English are the most … .

2.In every state there is a language or one of the languages that is accepted by a country's government, is taught in schools, used in the courts of law. It is its … .

3.Kate can speak to people from other countries, read different authors in the original, because she knows some … .

4.Ivan did his best learning the foreign language at school; as a result he … English.

5.Jane picked up the phone and discussed with her friend all the latest news. They held their … in English.

6.In learning the … students need to learn not only a specialised vocabulary but using it along with specific grammatical constructions typical of academic works.

7.Mr. Simpson knows many languages and cultures; he improves his knowledge travelling … .

8.The … Organization deals with the global rules of commerce between nations.

9.Do not start if in fear, once begun do not … .

10.Having more than 100 … is normal in the lives of millions of television viewers worldwide.

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1.14.На основе текста составьте заведомо верные (true) и ложные (false) высказывания, спросите у других студентов, соответствует ли информация действительности.

1.15.Составьте список стран, в которых английский является первым официальным языком, а в каких государствах используется наравне с другими официальными языками.

PART С

MY ENGLISH STUDIES

Learning а foreign language is not an easy thing. It is а long and slow process that takes а lot of time and efforts.

We began studying English in the fourth form of the secondary school. We started with the АВС, transcription and sounds. Then we learnt some English words, conversational phrases and dialogues by heart, read and translated easy texts, did exercises, wrote dictations. Once а week we worked in the language laboratory listening to the recorded tapes and doing laboratory works.

From lesson to lesson we improved our knowledge, learnt more and more new words, grammatical structures and put them into practice of speaking. We enjoyed our English classes and prepared carefully for them. At home we tried to listen to different educational programmes over the radio, watched English films on TV. You can’t speak English well if you don’t know grammar rules, so we often revised them.

Soon we were able not only to read and translate texts but to discuss their contents in English, to communicate with one another making useful statements in real-life situations. I’m not а good speaker of English yet. It takes me long to read English book in the original. Adapted and abridged books are easier for me to read. But I hope that soon I shall know English well.

One should say that English is not an easy language to learn. There is а big problem of spelling, of the large number of exceptions to any rule. This language is very idiomatic and the prepositions are difficult to remember. English is one of those languages which may seem easy in the beginning, but then the bridge between basic knowledge and mastery takes а long time to cross. But if you do cross this bridge it will give you great satisfaction. You will be able to speak to people from other countries, to read foreign authors in the original, which makes your outlook wider. It is not surprising that many intellectuals and well-educated people know many foreign languages.

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I want to know foreign languages because I have always been interested in foreign countries, their cultures and peoples. I want to learn English in particular not only because it is the language of such great countries as the USA and Great Britain, but also because it has become the international language, the language of progressive science and engineering. To know English today is absolutely necessary for every educated man, for every good specialist.

	Vocabulary
the АВС, abbr	‒	алфавит
transcription, n	‒	транскрипция
sound, n	‒	звук
conversation, n	‒	беседа
phrase, n	‒	фраза
dialogue, n	‒	диалог
effort, n	‒	усилие
tape-recorder, n	‒	магнитофон
master, v	‒	овладевать, изучать
practise, v	‒ упражнять (ся)
contents, n	‒	содержание
communicate, v	‒	общаться
knowledge, n	‒	знание
intellectual, n	‒	интеллигент
teach, v	‒	учить, обучать кого-л.
learn, v	‒	учить, узнавать
study, v	‒ учить(ся)
read, v	‒	читать
translate, v	‒	переводить
adapted, a	‒	адаптированные
abridged, a	‒	сокращенный
tongue, n	‒	язык
statement, n	‒	утверждение
outlook, n	‒	кругозор
spelling, n	‒	орфография
exception, n	‒	исключение
idiom, n	‒	идиома, устойчивое словосочетание
preposition, n	‒	предлог
cross, n	‒	пересечение

1.16.Составьте кроссворд, используя изученную по теме лексику.

1.17.Выберите из изученного вокабуляра 10 слов и выражений и составьте 5 предложений. Предложите другим студентам задать к вашим предложениям все типы вопросов.

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1.18.На основе текста составьте заведомо верные (true) и ложные (false) высказывания, спросите у других студентов, соответствует ли информация действительности.

1.19.Расскажите о своей языковой биографии.

1.20.Составьте монологическое высказывание на тему «Английский язык ― язык межнационального общения», опираясь на следующие вопросы:

1.Is it easy to learn foreign languages?

2.Which language in the world is spoken by most people?

3.When did you begin learning English?

4.How long have you been learning it?

5.How long did it take you to prepare for your English lesson?

6.Was there а language laboratory at your school?

7.How often did you work there?

8.Can you speak English well?

9.How can you improve your English?

10.Is it difficult for you to learn English?

11.Why is English not an easy language to learn?

12.Can you read English books in the original?

13.Have you got any English books and dictionaries at home?

14.What advantages have the people who know foreign languages?

15.Why do you want to learn English?

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UNIT 2

INTRODUCING MYSELF

PART A

MY FAMILY

Our family is not very large. I have а father, а mother, а brother and

а sister. We all live together in а new flat in one of the districts of Bryansk.

My father Igor Ivanovich is 45 years old. He is а tall and well-built man with short black hair and grey eyes. He works at а big automobile plant as an engineer. He likes his work and spends most of his time there. By character my father is а quiet man, while my mother is energetic and talkative. Her name is Olga Petrovna. She is а teacher of music and plays the piano well. She is intelligent, patient and always ready to help. I’vе got good relations with my mum. She is always interested in what I do, and I can always ask her for advice. I love her very much though I love my father not less.

My brother’s name is Victor. He is 18. Now he serves in the army in the town of Kozelsk, the Kaluga region. We all miss him very much.

My sister’s name is Alla. She has blue eyes and lovely fair hair. She is а very good-looking girl. Alla is three years younger than me. She is а pupil of the 9th form. She does well at school and gets only good and excellent marks. Alla has а good sense of humour and is very popular with her friends at parties.

My name is Tanya. I’m 19 years old. I resemble my mother in appearance but take after my father in nature. People say I’m an easy-going person. I have many friends. They come to my place very often.

Our family is very united. We like to spend time together and help our mother about the house. In the evenings we watch TV, read books and newspapers, listen to music or just discuss everyday problems. Our parents don’t always agree with us but they take into consideration our opinion. All of us like to spend our week-ends out of town. We often go to the village to see our grandparents. They are old-age pensioners now but prefer to live in the country.

I also have some other relatives: uncles, aunts, cousins and many friends.

We are happy when we are together. It is really very important to have а good family where all people are tactful, helpful, tolerant and respect each other. In such families children get on well with their parents. They are confident, willingly share domestic duties, joys and difficulties, views and opinions. In happy families parents are not bossy and never dominate their children. They

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teach them to communicate with different people in different situations. It’s nice to have а good family.

	Vocabulary
family, n	‒	семья
parents, n	‒	родители
father, n	‒	отец
mother, n	‒	мать
sister, n	‒	сестра
brother, n	‒	брат
aunt, n	‒	тетя
uncle, n	‒	дядя
niece, n	‒	племянница
nephew, n	‒	племянник
grandparents, n	‒	дедушка и бабушка
grandfather, n	‒	дедушка
grandmother, n	‒	бабушка
granddaughter, n	‒	внучка
grandson, n	‒	внук
son, n	‒	сын
daughter, n	‒	дочь
husband, n	‒	муж
wife, n	‒	жена
cousin, n	‒	двоюродный брат (сестра)
mother-in-law, n	‒	свекровь, теща
daughter-in-law, n	‒	невестка
son-in-law, n	‒	зять
father-in-law, n	‒	свекор, тесть
relatives, n	‒	родственники
distant relatives	‒	дальние родственники
be single, v	‒	быть неженатым
be married, v	‒	быть женатым
get married, v	‒	жениться
be divorced, v	‒	быть в разводе
twins, n	‒	близнецы
child, n	‒	ребенок
baby, n	‒	грудной ребенок
consist of, v	‒	состоять из
resemble, v	‒	быть похожим (внешне)
take after smb. , v	‒	пойти в кого-либо
share domestic duties, v	‒	разделять домашние обязанности
be on pension, v	‒	быть на пенсии
get along with, v	‒	ладить, уживаться
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2.1.Переведите выделенные слова и словосочетания и выучите их.

2.2.Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.

1.John is your second cousin. He is your … relative.

2.They all … me by my first name.

3.He is called Red, it’s his … .

4.Our family name is Smith, but I don’t know my mother’s … name.

5.He has the same name as his grandfather, he is his grandfather’s …

6.We call our baby “Ducky”. It’s his … .

7.Are you … or just friends?

8.He is 13 years old, so he is a … .

9.If I want to know somebody’s birthplace, I ask: “Where … you …?”

10.She is from Germany. She speaks German very well. It’s her … .

mother tongue, nickname, to be from, teenager, pet name, call, namesake, maiden, relatives, close

2.3. Найдите соответствия.
1.	Christian name	a.	прозвище
2.	teenager	b.	назвать чьим-либо именем
3.	twenty odd	c.	достичь совершеннолетия
4.	look one’s age	d.	родом из
5.	come from	e.	говорить на ломаном английском
6.	mother tongue	f.	вдовец
7.	be good at languages	g.	мачеха
8.	nickname	h.	предки
9.	be of age	i.	сводный брат
10.	speak broken English	j.	воспитывать детей
11.	bring up children	k.	хорошо владеть иностр. языком
12.	a widower	l.	выглядеть не старше своих лет
13.	an old maid	m.	двадцать с лишним
14.	stepmother	n.	подросток
15.	ancestry	o.	имя
16.	call smb. after	p.	родной язык
17.	halfbrother	q.	старая дева

2.4. Сопоставьте слова и их дефиниции.

1.	to breed	a.	to take a child into one’s family
2.	a grown-up	b.	the daughter of your brother or sister
3.	a step mother	c.	a second wife of one’s father
4.	a widow	d.	a child who has lost one or both parents
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			by death
5.	a nephew	e.	to resemble (a parent or relative) in
			features of character
6.	to adopt	f.	a person who is fully grown
7.	a bachelor	g.	the son of your brother or sister
8.	a niece	h.	a child of an earlier marriage of one’s
			stepfather/mother
9.	twins	i.	to educate, to raise children
10.	an orphan	j.	a woman whose husband died
11.	a stepchild	k.	two children born together of the same
			mother
12.	to take after	l.	a man who has never been married

2.5.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.How old are you?

2.Are you married?

3.Have you а family of your own?

4.Do you live together with your parents?

5.Is your family large or small?

6.What are your parents?

7.Are you an only child in the family?

8.Is your sister (brother) older or younger than you?

9.What is your sister’s (brother’s) occupation?

10.Do you help your mother to keep the house?

11.Have you got grandparents?

12.Why is it important to have а good family?

13.Have you any other close relatives? Do you often see them?

14.What do you usually do in evenings?

15.Do you spend your week-ends together with your parents?

PART B

ABOUT MYSELF

My name is Petrova Alla. I am Russian. I was born on the 5 th of May, 1989 in the village of Bakino, Slutsk district, Minsk region. Two years ago our family moved to Bryansk where I live now together with my parents. My father is a doctor, he works at a hospital. My mother is a housewife. She has much work to do about the house. We are five in the family. I have a younger sister and a brother. They are both pupils. Lucy is in the fifth form and Boris is a pupil of the ninth form. Our family is very united.

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In May I finished school № 62 in Bryansk. I always did well at school and learned with great interest. I also took an active part in the social life, attended sport sections and subject circles.

My favourite subject at school was Literature. Maths and Physics came easy to me, too. I was on the top of the list in our class in these subjects but they were not so interesting to me. I also liked English. I’d like to learn some other

European languages to communicate with people from different countries.

I’m quite sociable and easy to deal with. I have many friends with whom we spend much time together. I can also add that I’m energetic, rather intelligent, patient, calm and never lose my temper. I love animals and children. My hobby is collecting badges.

My ambition is to become a good economist. I like this profession. I think it is very interesting and responsible.

You see, my biography isn’t long. I can only add that I’m fond of reading books on history and I’m keen on sports. I’ve got the first category in volleyball and have many friends among sportsmen. I also like shaping.

		Vocabulary
	introduce oneself, v	‒	представиться
	surname, n	‒	фамилия
	patronymic, n	‒	отчество
	nationality, n	‒	национальность
	namesake, n	‒	тёзка
	occupation, n	‒	занятие, род деятельности
	come from, v	‒	происходить
	be born, v	‒	родиться
	get acquainted, v	‒	познакомиться
	be married, v	‒	быть женатым
	be single, v	‒	быть холостым
	go to school, v	‒	ходить в школу
	leave (finish)	‒	закончить школу
	school, v
	enter the institute, v	‒	поступать в институт
	first-year student, n	‒	первокурсник
	character, n	‒	характер
	weakness, n	‒	недостаток характера
	sociable, a	‒	общительный
	trait of character, n	‒	черта характера
	merit, n	‒	сильная черта характера
	communicate, v	‒	общаться
	age, n	‒	возраст
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