POSOBIE_Bazovy_kurs

5.	senator	e.	be in the position of authority in a meeting or
			other gathering
6.	the Vice-President	f.	the upper chamber of the Congress in some
			countries
7.	to compose	g.	be an elected member of a legislature for (a
			particular constituency, party, or group)
8.	to represent	h.	the presiding officer of the Senate
9.	to preside	i.	the elected group of politicians that is
			responsible for making the law in the United
			States
10.	to elect	j.	a person representing a constituency in a
			deliberative, legislative, or executive body, esp.
			in the lower house of Congress

7.10. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.

... is the ... group of ... that is responsible for making ... in the United States. It consists of two parts: the House of ... and ... .

The Senate is the ... and more important of the two ... of the Congress in some countries, for example the United States and Australia.

... is the less powerful of the two parts of Congress in the United States, or the ... part of the system of ... in some other countries.

... is a member of the US Congress, especially of ... .

the Congress, the House of Representatives (2), the Senate, a congressman, Representatives, government, the law, parts, politicians, equivalent, smaller, elected.

7.11. Поставьте к данному предложению все типы вопросов.

The chairmen of the standing committees are considered the real rulers of the Senate and the House.

7.12.Выполните перевод с русского на английский язык.

1.Комитет по процедурным вопросам - один из наиболее влиятельных постоянных комитетов палаты представителей.

2.В его функции входит составление расписания работы палаты и другие процедурные вопросы.

3.Комитет по ассигнованиям занимается проверкой законопроектов об ассигнованиях и их представлении в конгрессе.

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4.Комитет по ассигнованиям палаты представителей играет основную роль в корректировке, допуске к рассмотрению, ускорении или задержки прохождения финансовых законопроектов.

5.Комитет по ассигнованиям сената в свою очередь служит своеобразным апелляционным органом для обжалования действий комитета по ассигнованиям палаты представителей.

6.Бюджетный комитет - второй по влиянию комитет Палаты представителей США.

7.Бюджетный комитет предварительно рассматривает проект бюджета и все предложения о налогах и тарифах и вносит свои предложения на рассмотрение Палаты.

8.Комитет Сената по иностранным делам осуществляет контроль за внешней политикой, программами помощи зарубежным странам, организует деятельность палаты в этой сфере, утверждает кандидатов на дипломатические посты.

9.Комитет по сельскому хозяйству – это рабочий орган палаты представителей Конгресса США.

10.Его основной обязанностью является надзор за исполнением федеральных программ поддержки фермеров, а также подготовка законопроектов в области содействия сельскому хозяйству [farm bill].

Text 2: The US Government

After its 200th birthday the United States of America still holds the leading position in the western world. A country that has inspired many names — «Land of Opportunity», «Melting Pot», «God's Country» is still referred to as a land of superlatives — «the richest», «the greatest», «the most».

In size the United States is not the biggest. What makes the USA the leader of the western world is its economic, political and military dominance over other countries.

The United States is a parliamentary republic. The Government is divided into 3 branches: legislative (the US Congress), executive (the President and his Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court).

There are two main political parties in the USA: the Democratic (symbolized by a «donkey») and the Republican (symbolised by an «elephant»). The US president is both head of State and of government. He is elected for a 4- year term.

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The Supreme Court consists of Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices who are appointed for life. The Supreme Court is supposed to decide whether a law of the Congress or an executive order of the President is «constitutional or not».

		Vocabulary
Land of Opportunity	‒	Земля возможностей
Melting Pot	‒	«Плавильный тигель» (образование
		американской нации из иммигрантов)
God's Country	‒	Земля обетованная

7.13.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

A. . Законодательная ветвь власти, превосходство, день рождения, избираться, лидирующая позиция, судебная ветвь власти, парламентская республика, исполнительную ветвь власти, по размеру, демократическая партия.

B. ˈliːdɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən; ˈdɒŋki;ˈwɛstən wɜːld; ɪnˈspaɪəd; sju(ː)ˈpriːm kɔːt; ˈrɪʧɪst; ədˌmɪnɪsˈtreɪʃ(ə)n; ˈgreɪtɪst; ˌpɑːləˈmɛntəri rɪˈpʌblɪk; ˈbɪgɪst; ˈmɪlɪtəri ˈdɒmɪnəns; ˈɛlɪfənt; ˈgʌvnmənt; ˈkɒŋgrɛs; ˈprɛzɪdənt; meɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑːtiz; ɪz dɪˈvaɪdɪd; tɜːm.

7.14.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.Is the USA the biggest country in the world?

2.What makes the USA the leader of the western world?

3.How is the USA also named?

4.Is the USA a parliamentary republic?

5.How many branches is the Government divided on?

6.How many main parties are there?

7.How many people are there in the Supreme Court?

8.What is the main function of the Supreme Court?

9.Who stands for the executive power in the USA?

10.What is the legislative body in the USA?

7.15. Сопоставьте слова и их дефиниции.

1.	economic	a.	involving or relating to the process of making
			and passing laws
2.	political	b.	the leader of a country
3.	military	c.	relating to the way power is achieved and used
			in a country or society
4.	dominance	d.	a judge of the Supreme court
5.	the Government	e.	the leader of the governing body of a nation,
			state, or community
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6.	legislative	f.	power and influence over others
7.	executive	g.	the most important judge of a court of law
8.	judicial	h.	relating to the legal system and to judgements
			made in a court of law
9.	the Democratic	i.	concerned with the organization of the money,
	party		industry, and trade of a country, region, or
			society
10.	the Republican	j.	the highest judicial court in a country or state
	party
11.	head of	k.	the group of people who are responsible for
	government		governing it
12.	head of state	l.	one of the two main US political parties, which
			follows a broadly liberal programme, tending to
			support social reform and minority rights
13.	the Supreme Court	m.	relating to or having the power to put plans or
			actions into effect
14.	Chief Justice	n.	relating to the armed forces of a country
15.	Associate Justice	o.	one of the two main US political parties, favoring
			a conservative stance, limited central
			government, and a strong national defense

7.16.Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.

1.Congress is the ... federal ... of the US, ... of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

2.The President is the chief executive and ... of the republic.

3.The United States is a ... republic.

4.The Government is divided into legislative, ... and judicial ... .

5.The Supreme Court is to decide whether ... of the Congress or an executive ... of the President is « ... or not».

Bicameral, branches, consisting, сonstitutional, executive, head of state, a law, legislature, order, parliamentary

7.17.На основе текста составьте заведомо верные (true) и ложные (false) высказывания, спросите у других студентов, соответствует ли информация действительности.

7.18.Составьте план прочитанного текста и подготовьте его пересказ.

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PART С

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States of America. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in the country.

The city of Washington was designed in the late eighteenth century. It is co-extensive with the District of Columbia. When George Washington was elected President of the United States, there was no permanent capital to house the government. Since members of Congress could not agree as to where the capital should be located, it was decided to choose a special place for the new capital. The State of Maryland agreed to allot a wild and swampy area on the Potomac River. The region was called the District of Columbia, after Christopher Columbus, and the capital was called Washington, in honour of the nation's first President.

Work on the new capital began in 1791. The man who designed the city was Major Pierre-Charles L'Enfant. He planned straight streets with trees on sides, beautiful buildings, and monuments to honour great men. By 1800 the President's house was almost finished. The buildings for the Congress of the United States and some other buildings were built on a hill. These buildings were called the Capitol. Then the hill was renamed Capitol Hill.

In 1800 President John Adams, the second president of the USA, and other members of the government moved to the new city of Washington, D.C.

The metropolitan area now has a population of nearly three million people. In the inner urban area of D.C., the majority of population is black or Afro-Americans as they are now called, and they are used in the services.

Washington lies on the left bank of the Potomac River. Along the banks of the river there are many green parks and gardens. In 1912 the famous cherrytrees were planted in Washington. The 3,000 flowering cherry-trees were a gift from Japan and are still a major attraction for visitors and residents alike in the early days of spring. The most beautiful in Washington is Great Falls Park, which is split in two parts by the waterfalls from the Virginia side.

Washington has many libraries, museums, art galleries and beautiful buildings. It has grown into a quiet twentieth-century city. This is partly because building regulations don't usually permit buildings to exceed the height and the width of the neighbouring building in the street on which they stand.

Washington is the seat of the Federal Administration. Most of the people work at the government offices. Washington is a city with almost no industry. That's why you will not see many factory workers in the streets.

7.19. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на русский язык:

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A. Capital, permanent, to be located, to allot, in honour of smb., straight, to rename, urban, resident, cherry-tree, waterfall, to permit, to exceed, height, width, neighbouring, to be named (after).

B. ˈfɑːstɪst ˈgrəʊɪŋ; ˈsɛnʧʊri; kəʊ ɪksˈtɛnsɪv; ˈpɜːmənənt; ˈmeərɪlənd; əˈgriːd; əˈlɒt; ˈswɒmpi; ˈmeɪʤə; streɪt; ˌmɛtrəˈpɒlɪtən; məˈʤɒrɪti; ˈæfrəʊ əˈmɛrɪkənz; ˈsɜːvɪsɪz; ˈʧɛri triːz; ˈflaʊərɪŋ; ˈwɔːtəfɔːlz; ˈlaɪbrəriz; ˈpɜːmɪt ; ɪkˈsiːd; haɪt; wɪdθ.

7.20.Согласитесь или исправьте следующие утверждения:

1.Washington was designed at the beginning of the 18th century.

2.The capital is situated on the banks of the Potomac River in the region called «the District of Columbia».

3.It was Christopher Wren who designed the city.

4.In 1800 George Washington and other members of the government moved to the new capital.

5.Now the population of Washington is nearly three million people.

6.Washington is a quiet twentieth-century city with many libraries, museums, art galleries and beautiful buildings.

7.Houses in Washington are very different in their width and height.

8.Washington is the seat of the Federal Administration.

9.Washington is a highly developed industrial city.

10.The famous flowering cherry-trees in Washington were a gift from Japan.

7.21.Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1.What is the capital of the USA?

2.When was the place for the capital chosen? Why?

3.What do the letters «D.C.» after the word Washington mean? What is it?

4.Why was the new capital named Washington?

5.What is the Capitol Hill?

6.Who was the architect of Washington? What did he plan to build in the city?

7.Who was the first President moved to the new capital? When did it happen?

8.What is the population of Washington now?

9.What river does Washington lie on?

10.What is a major attraction for visitors and residents in Washington in early spring?

11.What is the most beautiful park in Washington?

12.Why is Washington called a quiet twentieth-century city?

13.Washington has many libraries, museums, art galleries and beautiful buildings, hasn’t it?

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14.Is Washington an industrial centre?

15.Where do most of the people work in Washington?

7.22.Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.

10 Interesting Facts about Washington, D.C.

1.It is America ‘s coffee capital, with more coffee bean roasters per … than any other state.

2.The state is the nation’s largest exporter, representing $34 billion and 5 per … of all U.S. exports: forest products, aerospace products, apples, tulips, hops, mint, wheat and several other quality food products.

3.Washington, the 42nd state in the union, is the only … named for a president.

4.Washington State defines innovation. Some of the … employers include Microsoft, Amazon.Com, Nordstrom, Boeing, Costco and Starbuck’s.

5.Washington is a leader in health sciences research; it ranks tops in … and engineers as a percentage of workforce.

6.The state is home to the world’s largest private car collection featuring over 3,000 … .

7.The cleanest air in the nation is found in a Washington community,

Bellingham , … to the EPA and American Lung Association.

8.Washington’s cows produce more milk per cow than any other state, totaling 1.3 billion pounds of milk … year.

9.Washington is the nation’s top apple producing state, with 10-12 billion apples … annually.

10.Seattle sells more sunglasses per capita than any other major city in

the … .

according, leading, state, nation, handpicked, vehicles, capita, each, cent, scientists

7.23. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя активную лексику:

1.Санкт-Петербург называют северной столицей России.

2.США располагаются в центральной части североамериканского континента.

3.Этот участок предоставлен нам для строительства дома.

4.Мой брат назван в честь нашего отца.

5.Идите прямо (вперёд).

6.В нашем саду очень много вишнёвых деревьев.

7.Студентам не разрешается пользоваться шпаргалками на экзаменах.

8.Мой дядя почти два метра ростом.

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9.Мы переезжаем в соседний дом.

10.Сейчас многие улицы нашего города переименовываются.

7.24.Представьте себе, что Вы экскурсовод и проводите экскурсию по Вашингтону. Расскажите о достопримечательностях столицы США, используя информацию, данную ниже, а также дополнительные страноведческие материалы (по желанию).

The Capitol

The Capitol is the seat of the government of the United States of America. George Washington laid the cornerstone of the Capitol on September 18, 1793. The Capitol was built to the plans of William Thornton, an amateur architect, whose design was selected by competition.

The Capitol is in the very centre of Washington. It is located on Capitol Hill, the highest point in the city. The Capitol is the highest building in Washington. There is a law in Washington not to build houses higher than the Capitol.

The Capitol is the seat of Congress, which consists of two Chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives.

The Congress first met in the north wing, the Senate Chamber, which was first completed on November 21, 1800. The south wing for the House of Representatives was not under roof until 1807. In August 1814, the unfinished Capitol Building was partially destroyed by fire set by invading British troops. Finally, in 1827, the old Capitol was completed.

The marble south wing for the House of Representatives dates from 1857, and the Senate dates from 1859. The towering cast iron dome, capped by Thomas Crawford's bronze «Statue of Freedom», was finished in 1863. The 36 columns, which surround the lower part of the dome, represent the states of America at the time the building was designed.

The completed building measures 751 feet in length and 350 feet wide. The dome is 287 feet in height and 135 feet 5 inches in diameter at its base.

The Capitol Building is made of stone and marble. It contains 540 rooms.

The White House

The White House is a pleasant, whitepainted, neoclassical-style house in which the President of the United States lives and works. It is set close to Pennsylvania Avenue, easy to see

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over the railings, and cut off from passer-by only by lawns and trees. The President's House was first occupied in1800.

President George Washington decided that the President of the United States must have an official residence. It was he who selected the site - an orchard to the west of the site of the Capitol Building - and laid the corner-stone in October 1793. James Hoban based the building on a design.

Washington died in 1799, before the house was completed, so the first President to live in the new official residence was John Adams.

The White House has 132 rooms, 54 of which are reserved only for the private use of the First Family on the second and third floors. The visitors who line up in East Executive Avenue get to see just five, plus the entrance hall and corridors.

There was a time when any citizen could visit the White House and shake hands with the President. But times have changed and security is much tighter. Even so, the words written by John Adams to his wife in the first letter he wrote from the White House on November 2, 1800, are still apposite: «I pray heaven to bestow the best of blessing on this house, and on all that shall hereafter inhabit it. May nine but honest and wise men ever rule under this roof?»

The White House, official home of all US Presidents, is the major attraction in this part of Washington.

The Washington Monument

The Washington Monument is one of the city's most impressive sights. The monument was erected to the memory of the first President of the USA. It is also called «The Pencil».

One of the tallest stone constructions in the world, standing just over 555 feet high, and the monument was modeled after the obelisks of Ancient Egypt. It is faced with

white marble and the interior walls lined with memorial stones from the 50 states, foreign countries and organizations. Around the base flutter 50 «starspangled banners representing the states of America.

Work on the monument was started in 1848. The Washington Monument was designed by architect Robert Mills. The obelisk was unveiled in 1888.

The Washington Monument is the tallest landmark in the city and a great place from which it is possible to get a bird's eye view of the capital. It stands in the centre of the Mall area, between the White House and the Tidal Basin, and on a clear day offers splendid views over the city and into Maryland and Virginia.

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It is some time since anyone was allowed to walk up the 898 stairs to viewing level - too many people couldn't make the climb and had to be rescued - so now you can ride up in the elevator, though one can walk down if one prefers.

The Lincoln Memorial

A short walk from the Washington Monument leads to the Lincoln Memorial at the west end of the Mall area on the banks of the Potomac River. The Lincoln Memorial is built in the calmly style of a classic Greek temple. The design of this classic temple-like building by Henry Bacon symbolizes the Union.

Thirty-six columns, representing the States of the Union at the time of Lincoln's death, support the roof of the building and carved along the frieze are the names of those same states.

In 1922 the memorial was completed. The names of the forty-eight states then constituting the Union were carved on the walls above the frieze.

The splendidly carved 19-foot-high marble figure of seated Lincoln which is inside the building gazes towards the Washington Monument across the clear pool of water (the Reflecting Pool) reminding people of the drama of the Civil War and the horror of the shooting in Ford's Theatre. In this very theatre Abraham Lincoln was mortally wounded in 1865 during the performance of a popular play «Our American Cousin».

The Lincoln Memorial was dedicated on Memorial Day - May 30, 1922.

The Jefferson Memorial

Thomas Jefferson, besides being President of the USA, was also a gifted amateur architect, political thinker, and founder of the University of Virginia. This memorial, dedicated on April 13, 1943, the 200th anniversary of Jefferson's birth, was designed by the architectural firm of John Russell Pope in the simple classical style admired by Jefferson.

Inside the Memorial there is a 19-foot bronze statue of Jefferson sculpted by Rudolph Evans. Excerpts from four of Jefferson's writings are carved on the interior walls.

Surrounding the Memorial are cherry-trees that the City of Tokyo presented to the City of Washington in 1912.

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