POSOBIE_Bazovy_kurs

symbol of …. This Palace is neither very old nor very beautiful. It is the most famous … in the world.

WESTMINSTER ABBEY

Westminster Abbey was founded in 1065. It is the traditional place of … for the English monarchs. Every British monarch has been crowned in the Abbey. Many are buried there. There are memorials to the famous

British in the Abbey. You can see … there.

THE BRITISH MUSEUM

The British Museum was founded in 1753 in London. It has big collections of books, manuscripts, prints, … , paintings, medals, coins. The biggest Library in Great Britain with many millions of books is in the Museum.

THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT

The Houses of Parliament has been … since the 11th century. When the parliament works you can see … above the clock at night, the British Flag over … at day time.

BIG BEN

Big Ben is the name of the tower and … . Big Ben is famous for the 13-ton bell. The bell weighs 13, 5 tons and the hammer – 8 tons. It is … of London. It tells … since 1859. The Clock Tower is 318 feet (95 m

400sm). You must go up 374 steps to get to top.

ST.PAUL’S CATHEDRAL

The Cathedral was built in

604. After … in 1666 it was destroyed.

Architect Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt the Cathedral. It

took him 35 years. Now St.

Paul’s Cathedral

is … in Great Britain.

TRAFALGAR SQUARE

Trafalgar square is the square in the central

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London. In the centre of the square you can see… . Lord Nelson was the admiral who commanded … at Trafalgar battle in 1805. You can see the fountains and … around the column. The Square is the popular place for many

tourists.

HYDE PARK

Hyde Park is one of the biggest parks in central London. Hyde Park is 1,4 sq. km. Many people come to the park every day to have a rest on the green grass or to feed birds in … . Every Sunday you can listen to

any person in …

the White Tower, the Victoria Tower, the Serpentine Lake, Nelson’s Column, fortress, the British fleet, the ships, collection of arms, the monarch, the clock, the main church, address, the seat of government, drawings, a symbol, four bronze lions, the Gothic style, the Poets’ Corner, the Speaker’s Corner,

the Great Fire of London, coronation, the time, the light , the voice

6.45. Закончите предложения, используя прочитанный текст.

1. The population of “Greater London” is …

2. ... is one of the finest Renaissance churches in Europe

3. There are narrow and dirty streets, overcrowded houses in … .

4. ... is famous for the Tower of London, one of the most ancient and interesting places in the city.

5.Englishmen themselves are a mixture of … .

6.46.Поставьте слова в правильном порядке так, чтобы получились предложения.

1.London, square, one, parts, only, the, busiest, the, City, of, mile, one, area, in, of, is.

2.Sir Christopher Wren, St.Paul’s Cathedral, architect, the, century, designed, the, famous, 17th, of, English, by, was.

3.Westminster Abbey, British, are, kings, crowned, all, queens, and, in.

4.traditions, London, full, of, places, customs, historical, and, is.

5.the London Underground, their, are, newspapers, in, carrying, fast, umbrellas, running, people, bags, and.

6.47.Верны ли следующие высказывания?

1.Many famous people are buried in St.Paul’s Cathedral.

2.The East End of London is neither attractive in appearance, nor very important to the country’s commerce.

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3.London is famous for a great number of bridges across the river Thames.

4.Big Ben is a clock tower of Westminster Abbey.

5.If you are in a hurry getting about London you should use the Tube.

6.48.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.What is London?

2.When and where was London founded?

3.Who turned London into a sizeable port and an important trading centre?

4.Why is London one of the most famous capital cities of the world?

5.Is London a city of great contrasts?

6.What part of London is the richest one? Why?

7.What district is inhabited by the poor?

8.Where is industry chiefly found?

9.What is the heart of London?

10.Where is the Tower of London situated?

11.Where are outstanding statesmen, sovereigns, painters and poets buried?

12.What is Big Ben?

13.How many bridges are there across the river Thames?

14.What are the differences between traffic regulations in Britain and in our country?

15.How do Londoners call the Underground?

6.49.Выполните перевод с русского на английский язык.

1.Лондон, столица Англии и Великобритании, расположен на реке Темзе.

2.Это крупный порт и важный торговый, промышленный и культурный центр.

3.Площадь города составляет 1560 кв. км. Население почти 7 млн. человек.

4.Лондон разделен на три главных части: Сити, Уэст-Энд и Ист-Энд.

5.Сити ― финансовый центр Великобритании с множеством банков, офисов и Фондовой биржей.

6.Уэст-Энд можно назвать центром Лондона.

7.Здесь расположены известные дворцы (Букингемский дворец - лондонская резиденция королевы, Вестминстерский дворец - место заседания парламента) и парки (Гайд-Парк с «уголком ораторов», Кенсингтон-Гарденз и др.).

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8.В этой части города самые известные улицы ― Уайтхолл с правительственными учреждениями, Даунинг-стрит с официальной резиденцией премьер-министра, Флит-Стрит ― бывший центр газетной индустрии страны, Харли-Стрит с офисами ведущих частных врачей и др.

9.Уэст-Энд ― это также район крупных магазинов, кинотеатров, музеев, картинных галерей, гостиниц.

10.К востоку от Сити расположен Ист-Энд, район рабочих с множеством заводов и цехов.

6.50.Подготовьте презентацию о выдающихся арихитекрутных сооружениях Лондона.

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UNIT 7

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

PART A

THE USA

The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and China. It lies in the central part of the North American Continent between the two oceans: the Atlantic Ocean in the East and the Pacific Ocean in the West.

Canada in the North and Mexico in the South are the only countries that have borders with the USA. The total area of the USA is about 9 million square kilometres. The population is about 230 million people.

The country is washed by 3 oceans: The Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many lakes, including the Great Lakes and many rivers, the longest of which are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Columbia and others. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Appalachian, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak, Mount McKinley, is in Alaska.

The climate conditions are rather various. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals.

The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio engineering and others. Nowadays the USA is one of the leading powers of the world due to its economic, political and military influence.

The United States of America is a federal state and a parliamentary republic, headed by the President. According to the US Constitution the powers of the Government are divided into 3 branches: legislative (the Congress), executive (the President), and judicial (the Supreme Court). The Congress has two houses — the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country.

There are two main political parties in the United States: the Democratic Party (their symbol is a donkey), and the Republican Party (their symbol is an elephant). The president is elected for a 4-year term and not more than two times.

The flag of the USA is called “Stars and Stripes”. The 50 stars - white on a blue field represent the 50 states, 13 stripes represent 13 original English colonies, which in 1776 became independent of England.

	Vocabulary
total area	‒	общая площадь
borders	‒	границы
Appalachian	‒	Аппалачи
		105

Great Lakes	‒	Великие озера
Rocky Mountains	‒	Скалистые горы
Sierra Nevada	‒	Сьерра-Невада
Cordillera	‒	Кордильеры
highly developed	‒	высокоразвитый
climate conditions	‒	климатические условия
branch	‒	ветвь, отрасль (промышленности)
aircraft	‒	авиация
automobile	‒	автомобильный
electronics	‒	электроника
radio engineering	‒	радиотехника
influence	‒	влияние
leading	‒	ведущий
due to	‒	благодаря
military	‒	военный
to head	‒	возглавлять
parliamentary republic	‒	парламентская республика
government	‒	правительство
power	‒	власть
legislative	‒	законодательная
judicial	‒	судебная
executive	‒	исполнительная
donkey	‒	осел
elephant	‒	слон
symbol	‒	символ
to elect	‒	избирать
term	‒	срок
Senate	‒	Сенат
House of Representatives	‒	палата представителей
Supreme Court	‒	Верховный суд

7.1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

A. Соединённые Штаты Америки, Североамериканский континент, Великие озера, Тихий океан, Атлантический океан, развитая промышленная и сельскохозяйственная страна, быть богатым чем-либо, различаться, по размеру, одна из ведущих держав мира, экономическое, политическое и военное влияние, парламентская республика, законодательная (исполнительная, судебная) ветвь власти, Конституция США, избираться на … срок, политическая партия, «Звёзды и полосы», представлять, стать независимым от … .

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B. ‘rʌʃə, ‘ʧainə, pəˈsɪfɪk ˈəʊʃən; ‘ɛəriə, misə’sipi, mi’zɛə, æpə’leiʃən, kɔ:di’ljerə, ‘klaimit, ‘minerəl ri’sɔ:səs, ,ægri’kʌlʧərəl, ‘ɛəkrα:ft, ‘ɔ:təməbil, ‘reidiou ,enʤi’niəriŋ, ‘pα:ləməntəri ri’pʌblik, ˈbrɑːnʧɪz; ˈlɛʤɪslətɪv; ɪgˈzɛkjʊtɪv; ʤu(ː)ˈdɪʃəl; sju(ː)ˈpriːm kɔːt; ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn; ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk; tɛ:m, rɪˈpʌblɪkən; straɪps.

7.2.Исправьте ошибки в следующих утверждениях:

1.The United States of America lies in the northern part of North American continent.

2.The USA consists of five separate parts.

3.There are fifty states and District of Columbia.

4.In size the United States is the biggest in the world.

5.The United States is a constitutional monarchy.

6.The flag of the USA is called “Union Jack”.

7.The capital of the United States is New York.

8.In the USA the Republican party is symbolized by a “donkey” and the Democratic party is symbolized by an “elephant”.

9.The 50 stars on the American flag represent original English colonies.

10.The biggest cities of the USA are Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester and others.

7.3.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.What is the geographical position of United States?

2.What countries have borders with the United States?

3.What is the population of the USA?

4.What are the highest mountains in US?

5.What are the biggest rivers in US?

6.What are the main industrial branches of US economy?

7.What are the biggest cities of the Unites States?

8.What is the political system of United States?

9.What are the three branches of US' government?

10.What is the name of the American flag?

7.4.Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.

10Interesting Facts about The United States

1.The United States is divided into 50 states. However state each varies in size considerably. The smallest state is Rhode Island with an area of just 1,545 square miles (4,002 sq km). By contrast the … state by area is Alaska with

663,268 square miles (1,717,854 sq km).

2.Alaska has the … coastline in the United States at 6,640 miles (10,686

km).

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5.Because the major mountain ranges in the United States run in a northsouth direction, they have a large impact on the climate of the country’s various regions. The west coast for example has a milder … than the interior because is moderated by its proximity to the ocean, whereas places like Arizona and Nevada are very hot and dry because they are on the leeward side of mountain ranges.

6.The lowest temperature ever recorded in the United States was at Prospect Creek, Alaska on January 23, 1971. The temperature was -80°F (-62°C). The coldest temperature in the contiguous 48 states was at Rogers Pass,

Montana on January 20, 1954. The … there was -70°F (-56°C).

7.The hottest temperature recorded in the United States (and in North America) was in Death Valley, California on July 10, 1913. The temperature … 134°F (56°C).

8.The tallest mountain in the world is located in the United States Mauna

Kea, … in Hawaii, is only 13,796 feet (4,205 m) in altitude above sea level, however, when measured from the seafloor it is over 32,000 feet (10,000 meters) high, making it taller than Mount Everest (Earth’s tallest mountain above sea level at 29,028 feet or 8,848 meters).

9.The deepest lake in the U.S. is Crater Lake located in Oregon. At 1,932 feet (589 m) it is the world’s seventh deepest lake. Crater Lake was formed via … and precipitation that gathered in a crater created when an ancient volcano, Mount Mazama, erupted about 8,000 years ago.

10.Although English is the most commonly spoken language used in the

U.S. and is the language used in … , the country has no official language.

located, measured, longest, snowmelt, is, Palace, climate, government, largest, temperature

7.5. Это интересно.

Presidential Curiosity

Nobody can explain the many similarities in the lives of Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. Consider:

Abraham Lincoln		John F. Kennedy
married in his thirties to a woman in		married in his thirties to a woman in
her twenties.		her twenties.
won the election to the U.S. House of		won the election to the U.S. House of
Representatives in 1846.		Representatives in 1946.
tried and failed to get his	party's	failed in his bid to get his party's
nomination for Vice President in 1856.		nomination for Vice President in 1956.
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was elected President	in 1860,	was	elected	President in 1960,
defeating Stephen A. Douglas, born in		defeating Richard Nixon, born in 1913.
1813.
was younger than his Vice President,		was younger than his Vice President,
Andrew Johnson, a Southerner, born in		Lyndon B. Johnson, a Southerner, born
1808.		in 1908.
was shot on Friday (April 14, 1865) as		was	shot on	Friday (November 22,
he sat next to his wife.		1963) as he sat next to his wife.
Lincoln's assassin, John Wilkes Booth,		Kennedy's assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald,
fled and was killed before he could be		fled and was killed before he could be
brought to trial.		brought to trial.

7.6. Составьте монологическое высказывание по теме «Соединённые Штаты Америки».

PART B

SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

Text 1: The US Congress

The Congress of the United States is composed of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states and the House represents the population according to its distribution among the states. Each state is guaranteed at least one representative in the House. The remainder are apportioned among the states according to their population. The Senate of US is composed of one hundred members — two being elected from each state. Senators are chosen for six years, one-third retiring or seeking is re-elected every two years. Two senators from the same state never finish their terms at the same time, one of them is called «Senior Senator» and the other — «Junior Senator».

The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice-President of the United States. The Vice-President is not a member of the chamber over which he presides and he sometimes is not a member of the party in power.

The work of the US Congress is done mostly in different committees. The most important of the Senate committees are Appropriations, Foreign Relations, Finance, Armed Services.

In the House of Representatives the most important are Rules, Appropriations, Ways and Means, Judiciary, Agriculture.

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The chairmen of the standing committees are considered the real rulers of the Senate and the House.

	Vocabulary
compose	―	составлять
according	―	соответственно
retire	―	уходить в отставку
senior	―	старший
junior	―	младший
chamber	―	палата
chairman	―	председатель

7.7.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

A.Состоять, представитель, население, распределение, правящая партия, соответственно, палата, как минимум, партия, распределяется, важный, вооруженные силы, председатель, сенатор, сельское хозяйство.

B.ˈkɒŋgrɛs; ɑːmd ˈsɜːvɪsɪz; ˈsɛnɪt; ˈʧeəmən; ðə haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛntətɪvz; ˌgærənˈtiːd; ˈfɒrɪn rɪˈleɪʃənz; ət liːst; ʤu(ː)ˈdɪʃɪəri; ˌrɛprɪˈzɛntətɪv; rɪˈmeɪndə; faɪˈnæns; əˈpɔːʃ(ə)nd; əˈkɔːdɪŋ; weɪz ənd miːnz; ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃən; ɪˈlɛktɪd; rɪˈtaɪərɪŋ; ˈsiːkɪŋ; ˈvaɪsˈprɛzɪdənt; kəˈmɪtiz; əˌprəʊprɪˈeɪʃ(ə)nz; ˈægrɪkʌlʧə.

7.8.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.How many houses are there in the US Congress?

2.What represents the Senate?

3.How many members of the Senate are there?

4.How often are senators elected?

5.Who represents the House?

6.How many members in the House?

7.What are the important committees of the Congress?

8.Who is considered the real rulers of the Senate and the House?

9.How is the work of the US Congress done?

10.Who is the Vice-President?

7.9. Сопоставьте слова и их дефиниции.

1.	the Congress	a.	the lower house of the US Congress
2.	the Senate	b.	constitute or make up (a whole)
3.	the House of	c.	choose (someone) to hold public office or some
	Representatives		other position by voting
4.	representative	d.	a member of the upper chamber of the Congress
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