POSOBIE_Bazovy_kurs

6.6.Выпишите из текста все географические названия, найдите в словаре транскрипцию и отработайте их чтение.

6.7.Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту.

1.What are large industrial cities of England?

2.What is оnе of the most famous prehistoric place in the world?

3.Where are the oldest clock in England and a copy of Magna Charta now?

4.What is Chester interesting for?

5.What are two oldest universities in England?

6.What was the capital of Northern England?

7.Who was York built by?

8.Why is Birmingham called the “City of 1500 trades”?

9.Why is it impossible to call the whole country England?

10.England is the largest and the richest country of Great Britain, isn’t it?

6.8.На основе текста составьте заведомо верные (true) и ложные (false) высказывания, спросите у других студентов, соответствует ли информация действительности.

6.9.Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1.Бывшее древнеримское поселение Честер [Chester] сегодня является главным городом [county town] графства Чешир [Cheshire] и центром сыроварения [cheese making] Англии.

2.Один из древнейших городов Англии, Солсбери [Salisbury], расположен в графстве Уилтшир [Wiltshire] и известен своим собором.

3.Хотя Йорк [York] сохранил планировку средневекового города [medieval town], он является важным транспортным узлом на севере Англии.

4.Бирмингем [Birmingham] ― это крупный промышленный центр в графстве Уорикшир [Warwickshire] и второй по численности населения город Великобритании.

5.Ливерпуль не только промышленный центр в графстве Ланкашир [Lancashire], но и крупный порт Англии.

Scotland is a country in the north of Great Britain. It is a part of the United Kingdom. Scotland is divided into three natural regions: the Southern Uplands, the Central Lowlands and the Highlands and islands. A lot of places in Scotland are a natural paradise, still untouched by man.

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The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh, well known for its castle. Glasgow is the industrial capital of Scotland. It is the third largest city in Great Britain. The typical products of Scotland are timber, whisky, salmon. Golf is the Scottish natural sport and it seems to have originated in this country.

Scotland is also the land of myths and mysteries; every castle has its ghost. Glamis Castle is said to have nine of them. And of course everyone knows about the Loch Ness Monster. «Nessie» is said to be about six meters long, with a long, thin neck. The first report of the monster in Loch Ness was in 565 A.D. Since 1934 thousands of people claimed to they had seen the monster. Scientists have investigated the Loch and taken pictures but no scientific explanation of the mystery has been given.

	Vocabulary
paradise	‒	рай
untouched	‒	нетронутый
castle	‒	замок
whisky	‒	виски
myth(s)	‒	миф
ghost	‒	призрак, привидение
claime(d)	‒	утверждать
mystery	‒	тайна

6.10.Выпишите из текста все географические названия, найдите в словаре транскрипцию и отработайте их чтение.

6.11.Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту.

1.Where is Scotland situated?

2.How many regions are there in Scotland?

3.Why are a lot of places in Scotland called a natural paradise?

4.What is the capital of Scotland?

5.What is the industrial capital of Scotland?

6.What are typical products of Scotland?

7.What is Scottish natural sport?

8.What are Scottish castles famous for?

9.What is Loch Ness Monster?

10.Has any scientific explanation of the Loch Ness Monster been given?

6.12.На основе текста составьте заведомо верные (true) и ложные (false) высказывания, спросите у других студентов, соответствует ли информация действительности.

6.13.Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

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1.Рельеф Шотландии представлен Южно-Шотландской возвышенностью [Southern Uplands], Шотландской низменностью [Lowlands] и Северо-шотландским нагорьем [Highlands].

2.Транспортный узел и промышленный и культурный центр Шотландии Эдинбург является одним из живописнейших [picturesque] европейских городов и именуется «Северные Афины»

[Athens of the North].

3.Третий по численности населения город Великобритании, промышленный центр и порт Шотландии Глазго [Glasgow] расположен на реке Клайд [Clyde].

4.Из-за построек из гранита и мрамора Абердин [Aberdeen] называют «Гранитным городом» [the Granite City].

5.В замке Гламз [Glamis Castle], одном из наиболее живописных старинных замков Шотландии в графстве Ангес [county of Angus], до замужества жила мать королевы Елизаветы II.

Wales is the country in the west of Great Britain. It is mainly a mountainous land with a chiefly agricultural economy and an industrial and coal-mining area in the south. The landscape is beautiful. Many English people move to Wales when they retire.

Cardiff, a large city in the south, was chosen as the capital of Wales in 1955, mainly because of its size. Since 1536, Wales has been governed by England and the heir to the throne of England has the title of Prince of Wales, but Welsh people have strong sense of identity. There is a Welsh National party which wants independence from the United Kingdom and the Welsh language is still used in certain parts of the country.

Welsh is an ancient Celtic language, similar to Breton, spoken in Brittany, France. In the 60's Welsh was given equal status with English as an official language and is used in the law courts. It is taught in school and some TV program are broadcast in Welsh. However, only about 20% of the population speaks Welsh.

	Vocabulary
сhiefly	‒	главным образом
coal-mining	‒	добыча угля
sense	‒	чувство
independence	‒	независимость
cetrain	‒	определенный
сeltic	‒	кельтский
equal	‒	равный
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broadcast

‒ трансляция

6.14.Выпишите из текста все географические названия, найдите в словаре транскрипцию и отработайте их чтение.

6.15.Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту.

1.Where is Wales situated?

2.What is the capital of Wales?

3.Has it always been governed by England?

4.What language is used in the country?

5.How many people speak Welsh?

6.16.На основе текста составьте заведомо верные (true) и ложные (false) высказывания, спросите у других студентов, соответствует ли информация действительности.

6.17.Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1.Уэльс занимает полуостров [peninsula] Уэльс с прилегающим к нему островом Англси [Anglesey].

2.C 1996 года Уэльс разделен на 22 административнотерриториальных единицы: 9 графств, 10 городов-графств и три города (столица Кардифф, Суонси [Swansea] и Ньюпорт [Newport]).

3.Город-порт Кардифф расположен на берегу Бристольского залива

[Bristol Channel].

4.Принц Уэльский ― титул наследника престола [successor to the throne], старшего сына монарха Соединенного королевства.

5.По преданию [according to legend], Эдуард I [Edward I, 1239-1307]

обещал покорённым валлийцам сделать принцем Уэльским человека, не говорящего по-английски, и присвоил этот титул [to confer a title on / upon] своему новорождённому сыну.

Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, is still a part of the United Kingdom. It is made up of six counties: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, Tyrone. One third of the population lives in and around the capital, Belfast. Belfast is also the most important port and commercial and industrial centre. Some parts of the territory, those that are not close to the capital, have remained mainly rural.

The Irish population is divided into two groups: the Protestants and the Catholics. The Protestants are of British origin. They are descendants of British

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settlers who came to Ireland in the XVIth and XVIIth centuries, during and after the Reformation. The Catholics are mostly natives of Ireland.

The Protestants were the majority and dominated the Catholics with strong discrimination. In 1968 the Catholics began the movement' for equal civil rights. The fightings between the two groups of the population continue to this day.

Northern Ireland has a strong cultural tradition: songs, clans, literature and festivals.

It has its own Art Council, and there are orchestras, theatres, ballet and opera companies.

	Vocabulary
population	‒	население
origin	‒	происхождение
descendants	‒	потомок
settler(s)	‒	поселенец, переселенец
discrimination	‒	дискриминация
civil rights	‒	гражданские права

6.18.Выпишите из текста все географические названия, найдите в словаре транскрипцию и отработайте их чтение.

6.19.Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту.

1.How many counties are there in Northern Ireland?

2.What is the capital of Northern Ireland?

3.What groups is the Irish population divided into?

4.Who are the Catholics and the Protestants?

5.Does Northern Ireland have strong cultural traditions?

6.20.На основе текста составьте заведомо верные (true) и ложные (false) высказывания, спросите у других студентов, соответствует ли информация действительности.

6.21.Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1.Часть Ирландии (6 графств), входящую в состав Соединённого королевства, нередко называют Олстер.

2.Армá ― графство в Северной Ирландии с площадью 1,3 тыс. км2 и одноимееным административным центром.

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3.Да ун― графство в Северной Ирландии у побережья Северного пролива с площадью 2,5 тыс. км2 и главным городом Даунпатриком

[Downpatrick].

4.Ферманá ― административный округ в Северной Ирландии с площадью 1,7 км2 и главным городом Эннискиллен [Enniskillen].

5.Тирон ― графство в Северной Ирландии с площадью 3,2 тыс. км2 и административным центром Ома [Omagh].

6.22.Составьте план прочитанного текста и подготовьте его пересказ.

6.23.Подготовьте презентацию, рассказывающую одной из частей Великобритании.

PART C

BRITISH INSTITUTIONS

Parliament is the most important authority in Britain. Parliament first met in the 13th century. Britain does not have a written constitution, but a set of laws. In 1689 Маrу II and William III became the first constitutional monarchs. They could rule only with the support of the Parliament. Technically Parliament is made up of three parts: the Monarch, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

The continuity of the English monarchy has been interrupted only once during the Cromwell republic. Succession to the throne is hereditary but only for Protestants in the direct line of descent. Formally the monarch has a number of roles. The monarch is expected to be politically neutral, and should not make political decisions. Nevertheless, the monarch still performs some important executive and legislative duties including opening and dissolving Parliament, signing bills passed by both Houses and fulfilling international duties as head of state. The present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II who was crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1953.

The House of Lords is the upper chamber of the Brittish Parliament. The house is presided over by the Lord Chancellor. Membership of the House of Lords is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal. There are seats for 26 Lords Spiritual. The Lords Temporal make up the rest of the membership; of these, the majority are life peers who are appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister, or on the advice of the House of Lords Appointments Commission; the rest are hereditary peers. Under the House of Lords Act 1999, the right to membership was restricted to 92 hereditary peers. The vast majority of hereditary peerages can only be inherited

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by males, only two of these 92 are women. The House of Lords has no real power but acts as an advisory council for the House of Commons.

The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament who are elected by the adult suffrage of the British people in general elections which are held at least every five years. The country is divided into 650 constituencies each of which elects one Member of Parliament. The Commons, therefore, has 650 Members of Parliament. The party which wins the most seats forms the Government and its leader becomes the Prime Minister. The functions of Commons are legislation and security of government activities. The house is presided over by the Speaker. The government party sits on the Speaker's right while on his left sit the members of the Opposition.

	Vocabulary
authority	‒	власть
constitutional	‒	конституционная
monarchy		монархия
succession	‒	право наследования
hereditary	‒	наследственный
descent	‒	происхождение
neutral	‒	нейтральный
executive	‒	исполнительная
legislative	‒	законодательная обязанность
dissolving	‒	роспуск
sovereign	‒	монарх
to be crowned	‒	быть коронованным
peer	‒	пэр
council	‒	совет
court of appeal	‒	суд
suffrage	‒	право голоса
election	‒	выборы
security	‒	безопасность
government	‒	правительство

6.24Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту.

1.What is the most important authority in Britain?

2.Does Great Britain have its constitution?

3.Who were the first constitutional monarchs?

4.What are the parts the Parliament made up of?

5.Does the monarch have any duties?

6.Who is present sovereign?

7.How many members are there in the House of Lords and in the House of Commons?

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8.Does the House of Lords have real power?

9.How are the Members of Parliament elected?

10.Who becomes the Prime Minister?

6.25. Сопоставьте слова и их дефиниции.

1.	authority	a.	a state in which supreme power is held by the
			people and their elected representatives, and
			which has an elected or nominated president
			rather than a monarch
2.	government	b.	Speaker of the House of Lords
3.	constituency	c.	the leader of the government in some countries
4.	monarchy	d.	a person who has been elected by the people in a
			particular area to represent them in a country's
			parliament
5.	republic	e.	the highest legislative authority in Britain
6.	Parliament	f.	the person who is in charge of meetings of the
			parliament or legislature of many countries
7.	the Lord	g.	a member of the nobility who has or had the
	Chancellor		right to vote in the House of Lords
8.	the Lord	h.	the person or institution that has the highest
			power in a country
9.	peer	i.	the power or right to give orders, make
			decisions, and enforce obedience
10.	Member of	j.	the politicians or political parties that form part
	Parliament		of the parliament or legislature, but are not the
			government
11.	sovereign	k.	a king, queen, or other royal ruler of a country
12.	the Monarch	l.	a group of voters in a specified area who elect a
			representative to a legislative body
13.	the Prime Minister	m.	the group of people with the authority to govern
			a country or state
14.	the Speaker	n.	a title given to men of high birth, specifically to
			an earl, marquess, baron, or viscount
15.	the Opposition	o.	a form of government with a monarch at the
			head
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6.26.Заполните пропуски подходящими предлогами.

1.The constitutional monarchs could rule only ... the support ... the Parliament.

2.Parliament is made ... ... the Monarch, the House ... Lords and the House ... Commons.

3.Succession ... the throne is hereditary but only ... Protestants ... the direct line ... descent.

4.The House of Lords is presided ... ... the Lord Chancellor.

5.The House of Commons consists ... Members ... Parliament who are elected ... the adult suffrage ... the British people ... general elections.

______________________________________________________________________________________

of (8), by (2), in (2), for, over, up, to, with

6.27.Исправьте следующие высказывания.

1.Parliament first met in the 15th century.

2.In 1689 Маrу III and William II became the first constitutional monarchs.

3.The present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II who was crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1963.

4.The House of Lords comprises about 1000 peers and the Commons has

750Members of Parliament.

5.The country is divided into 690 constituencies each of which elects one Member of Parliament.

6.26. Поставьте к данному предложению все типы вопросов.

The continuity of the English monarchy has been interrupted only once during the Cromwell republic.

6.27.На основе текста составьте заведомо верные (true) и ложные (false) высказывания, спросите у других студентов, соответствует ли информация действительности.

6.28.Выполните перевод с русского на английский язык.

1.Палата лордов ― верхняя палата парламента Великобритании, состоящая из наследственных и пожизненных пэров, лордов-судей по апелляциям и «духовных лордов» (двух архиепископов и 24 епископов англиканской церкви как высшей апелляционной судебной инстанции).

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2.Так как в 1999 году Палата лордов проголосовала за отмену института наследственных пэров, в ней остались лишь представители судебной власти.

3.Лорд-канцлер ― это спикер Палаты лордов, высшее судебное должностное лицо, председатель юридической комиссии Тайного совета [Privy Council].

4.Лорд-канцлер назначает мировых судей [Justice of the Peace], является главным советником правительства по юридическим и конституционным вопросам, хранителем Большой государственной печати [Great Seal].

5.В соответствии с обычаем в Палате лордов Лорд-канцлер сидит на «мешке с шерстью» (набитая шерстью красная подушка) [woolsack], так как раньше шерсть была важнейшей статьёй английского экспорта [export article].

6.В Палате όбщин всего 650 членов, большинство которых составляют профессиональные политические деятели, директора компаний, юристы, а необходимый кворум ― 40 человек.

7.Палата όбщин заседает пять дней в неделю, 170 дней в году.

8.Спикер ― старшее должностное лицо в палате общин, председательствующее на её заседаниях в мантии [gown] и парике

[full-bottomed wig].

9.Спикер избирается из числа членов палаты.

10.Спикер следит за соблюдением правил парламентской процедуры и порядком дебатов, но сам не принимает участия в дебатах и голосовании, за исключением тех случаев, когда голоса делятся поровну.

6.29.Составьте план прочитанного текста и подготовьте его пересказ.

PART D

MARGARET THATCHER

Margaret Thatcher (Margaret Robins) was born in 1925. Her father had a grocer's shop but he was also very interested in local politics. Margaret was a good student and won a scholarship to Oxford to study chemistry. Then she worked as a research chemist until she met and married Denis Thatcher, a successful businessman. Then she decided to study law. She was already

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