- •Political science
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Fill in the blanks with words from the text.
- •5. Find the statements which are not true to the text.
- •6. Translate the following sentences in writing paying attention to underlined words and emphatic constructions.
- •7. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Complete the following sentences.
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text.
- •5 . Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •6. Translate the following sentences in writing into Russian paying attention to different functions of the verb «to be».
- •7. Translate the following sentences in writing into Russian:
- •Make up a short summary of the text.
- •Compare the u.S. Constitution with that of Russia. Speak on their advantages and disadvantages.
- •10. Read the text and render its content in Russian:
- •1. Read and translate the text
- •2 . Answer the following questions.
- •3. Complete the following sentences.
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Find the beginning for the following endings.
- •4. Fill in the blanks with words from the text.
- •5. Find in the text the definitions of the meanings of the following words. Translate them into Russian in writing.
- •6. Translate the following sentences in writing paying attention to the underlined words and constructions.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Complete the following sentences.
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text.
- •5. Find in the text the definitions of the following terms.
- •6. Translate the following sentences in writing paying attention to the underlined words and constructions.
- •8. Compare the system of checks and balances of the us with that of Russia. Pay attention to the differences in these systems. The plan below may be helpful.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Complete the following sentences.
- •4. Insert the English equivalents used in the text.
- •Political Parties
- •Give the general idea of the text.
- •Read the following joke and retell it:
- •12. Read the article and do the tasks that follow it:
- •13. Answer the following questions:
- •14. Agree or disagree with the following:
- •16. Review the article.
- •17. Read and translate the article:
- •20. Answer the following questions:
- •21. Find in the article the facts to prove that:
- •22. Read the following quotations by Churchill:
- •23. Review the article.
- •I . Read and translate the text:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Complete the following sentences:
- •IV. Find in the text the facts to prove that:
- •V II. Could you give any examples from history or your personal experience when «the rule of law» works? do you support the idea that «the law is the highest judge»?
- •VIII. Read the following item and render its idea in russian:
- •X . Answer the following questions:
- •Xl agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •XII. Divide the text into logical parts, make up an outline of the text and speak on the text in accordance with your outline. Word study
- •I. Give russian equivalents for:
- •III. Complete the following sentences:
- •Word study
- •V. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •III. Complete the following sentences:
- •Word study
- •Authority
- •The state
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Complete the following sentences:
- •Word study
- •IV. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •Word study
- •III. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •III. Complete the following sentences:
- •Word study
- •The philosophical tradition
- •The empirical tradition
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Complete the following sentences:
- •Word study
- •I I. Answer the following questions.
- •Word study
- •T he Evolution of Pluralism
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Complete the following sentences:
- •Word study
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions:
- •IX. Complete the following sentences:
- •XXIII. Answer the following questions:
- •Word study
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •Word study
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Complete the following sentences:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •Text IV
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •XIII. Answer the following questions:
- •In children (by Christine Russell)
- •XXIII. Answer the following questions:
- •Text VI
- •Text VII
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Complete the following sentences:
- •Word study
- •T ext VIII
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •Postmodern tv (by Steven Connor)
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
2. Answer the following questions.
What are the functions of political parties?
What factors can help in recruiting and motivating party members?
How do party organizations and procedures vary in different parliamentary systems?
What is the most important function of the election campaigns?
How do citizens protest the policies of their govern ment or the actions of other groups?
What are the goals of different groups of people in direct action?
Protests are testing ground for any democracy, aren't they?
Can one achieve any balance between freedom of speech and assembly and order?
What does this balance depend on?
10) When are democratic societies capable achieving this balance and when they aren't?
3. Complete the following sentences.
Ideology may be an important factor in ....
Party organizations and procedures ....
Political parties are as varied ....
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Учебное пособие для философов и политологов
The election campaigns are often ....
In a democratic society citizens have ....
Direct action traditionally has been used by ....
Today, nonviolent protest, often designed to....
One special form of direct action is ....
Protests are ....
10) There is no magic formula for ....
4. Insert the English equivalents used in the text.
1) Political parties составляют policy programs for the government if they are in the majority.
2) Где-нибудь в другом месте similar economic interests or social outlook may be more important than ideological commitment.
In a democratic society, citizens have право собираться peacefully and protest the policies of the government.
Today, nonviolent protest encompasses широкий круг вопросов.
One special form of direct action is the right of labour unions проводить забастовки.
Protests are пробный камень for any democracy.
Подавить peaceful protest in the name of order is to invite repression.
В конечном итоге it depends on the majority to maintaining the institutions of democracy and the precepts of individual rights.
9) Democratic societies are capable of enduring the bitterest disagreement among the citizens.
10) But the function is deadly serious: обеспечить а peaceful and fair method.
Translate paragraphs 3 and 7 in writing.
Find the sentences stating the general idea of each paragraph.
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Part I
Political science
S ummarize the text in 6 sentences.
What do you think concerning
political parties;
forms of direct action;
the legitimacy of democracy itself in Russia.
9. Read the text and answer the following questions:
What provisions for political parties does the American Constitution make?
What party system does the United States employ at the national level?
Why do the Republican and Democratic parties exist for so long?
Do other parties play any role in the political life of the country?
Political Parties
Political parties are the basis of the American political system. Curiously, the Constitution makes no provisions for political parties nor for the role as the vehicle by which candidates for public office are proposed to the voters.
At the national level, the United States employs a two-party system that has remained remarkably durable throughout the nation's history, even though rival national parties have appeared and disappeared from the political scene.
The Federalists, for example, who rallied around President George Washington, disappeared slowly after 1800; and the Whig Party, which arose in the 1830s in opposition to President Andrew Jackson, a Democrat, collapsed two decades later. Today, the Democratic Party, which traces its origins back to the nation's third president, Thomas Jefferson, and the Republican Party, founded in 1854, continue to dominate politics at the federal, state and local levels.
One explanation for the longevity of the Republican and Democratic Parties is that they are not tight ideological
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Учебное пособие для философов и политологов
organizations, but loose alliances of state and local parties that unite every four years for the presidential election. Both parties compete for the same broad center of the American electorate, and although Republicans are generally more conservative than Democrats, both parties contain relatively liberal and conservative wings that continually vie for influence.
Nevertheless, other parties are also active, and particularly at the state and local levels, they may succeed in electing candidates to office and in exercising considerable influence. During the early 20th century, for example, members of the Socialist Party were elected to the House of Representatives and as the mayors of over 50 towns and cities. The Progressive Party held the governorship of Wisconsin for a number of years and in 1974 an independent candidate became governor of Maine.
(from «An Outline of American Government»)