II. Answer the following questions:

1. What is a broader conception of politics?

2. What is the distinction between «the political» and «the nonpolitical»?

Part II

Political science

3)Who declared that «man is by nature a political ani­mal»? Why?

4. W hat are the institutions of the state and what are they responsible for?

5. What institutions are called «private» and how are they set up and funded?

6. What negative images does the view of politics as an essentially public activity generate?

7. Who portrays politics as a form of unwanted inter­ ference?

8. What are their grounds?

9) Why is politics unwholesome? 1.0) What examples prove it?

III. Complete the following sentences:

1. In Politics Aristotle declared that 'man is ... .

2. The institutions of the state can be regarded as 'pub­ lic' because ..,. .

3. Civil society consists of institutions such as ... .

4. Politics is restricted to the activities of ... .

5. According to Arendt, politics is the most important form of human activity because ... .

6. In Mill's view, involvement in 'public' affairs is edu­ cational as ....

7. Liberal theorists exhibited a preference for... .

IV. FIND IN THE TEXT THE FACTS TO PROVE THAT:

1. There are political and nonpolitical spheres of life.

2. Personal life should be out of politics.

3. Feminist thinkers supported this point of view.

4. The view of politics can generate both positive and negative images.

5. Many scholars portrayed political participation as a good in itself.

6. Liberal theorists as well paid much attention to pub­ lic activity.

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Учебное пособие для философов и политологов

V. DIVIDE THE TEXT INTO LOGICAL PARTS AND MAKE UP AN OUTLINE OF THE TEXT.

VI. SUMMARIZE THE CONTENTS OF THE TEXT IN 10 SENTENCES.

VII. FIND IN THE TEXT THE SENTENCES WITH PARTICIPLE, GERUND AND INFINITIVE AND TRANS­ LATE THEM INTO RUSSIAN.

VIII. TRANSLATE THE TEXT BELOW IN WRITING FOR 15 MINUTES.

Civil Society

The term civil society has been defined in a variety of ways. Originally, it meant a 'political community', a society governed by law, under the authority of a state. More com­monly, it is distinguished from the state, and the term is used to describe institutions that are 'private' in that they are independent from government and organized by individuals in pursuit of their own ends. 'Civil society' therefore refers to a realm of autonomous groups and associations: businesses, interest groups, clubs, families and so on. Hegel, however, distinguished between the family and civil society, viewing the latter as a sphere of egoism and selfishness.

Word study

I. GIVE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS FOR:

To coincide, to conform, to be responsible; at the pub­lic's expense; in contrast; crucial, to infringe upon, to en­dorse; to promote; interference; unwholesome; to conduct.

II. GIVE ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS FOR: Другими словами; по природе; справедливое общество;

провести различие (черту); налогообложение; наоборот; решающий; посягать на права; отрицать; касаться; ут­вердить; подтверждать; общее благо; нежелательное вме­шательство; в частности; на тех основаниях, что.

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III. TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES IN WRITING PAYING ATTENTION TO THE UNDERLINED WORDS AND WORD-COMBINATIONS:

1. I t is only within a political community that human beings can live «the good life».

2. Politics is an ethical activity concerned with creating a just society.

3. It is sometimes defined in terms of a further dis­ tinction, namely that between «the political» and «the per­ sonal»

4. Liberal theorists in particular made an emphasis on personal freedom and individual responsibility.

5. In other words, some of them claimed that private life is a realm of choice.

6. From his point of view, participation in public af­ fairs promotes intellectual development.

7. We should draw a distinction between public and pri­ vate, namely, between political and personal.