II. Answer the following questions:

1. Why is the article headlined as fear of living?

2. What is meant by escapism?

3. Is it a disease or a phenomenon?

4. What are the major symptoms of sociophobia?

5. Is social fear easily detected?

6. What kind of profession do sociopnobics prefer to choose?

7. How do they feel around people?

434

8. Are sociophobics introverted or extroverted?

8. Do they easily begin to panic? Under what circum­ stances?

10. How does their pathological shyness interfere with social contacts?

10. How is it possible to treat this condition?

11. Where can sociophobics apply for help?

III. Complete the following sentences:

1. The desire to avoid contact with other people is called

2. Sociophobia symptoms resemble ....

3. A. Smulevich characterized this disease as ... .

4. Sociophobics as children tend to develop ....

5. Their fear impairs academic ....

6. Constant fear of social contact is accompanied by such physiological symptoms as ... .

7. Very often sociophobics resort to ... to cope with the problems.

8. They are lonely and experience.....

9. Therapy often helps a person restore ....

10. Diagnosis and treatment of such diseases should be provided free ....

4. GIVE STATISTICAL DATA ENUMERATED IN THE ARTICLE.

5. DESCRIBE EPISODES ILLUSTRATING TYPICAL CASES OF SOCIOPHOBIA.

6. SUGGEST POSSIBLE SITUATIONS IN WHICH SO­ CIOPHOBICS EXPERIENCE EITHER SHYNESS OR FEAR.

VII. CHARACTERIZE ESCAPISM AS:

1. a psychological disorder;

2. a social phenomenon.

435

Учебное пособие для философов и политологов ' VIII. REVIEW THE ARTICLE.

IX. THINK OF ALL POSSIBLE SITUATIONS IN WHICH YOU HAVE EVER EXPERIENCED PANIC, FEAR OR UNCERTAINTY AND SHYNESS.

- X. IF YOU HAD A CHANCE TO INTERVIEW A SO-CIOPHOBIC, WHAT QUESTIONS WOULD YOU ASK HIM? (ABOUT HIS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, A CHOICE OF PROFESSION, SOCIAL CONTACTS, FRIENDS, CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS AND SO ON)

Word study

I. GIVE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS FOR:

To modify psychoanalysis; the unconscious; at a sub­conscious level; orphan; personal impressions; human inequa­lity; addiction; vulnerability; means to survive; spiritual freedom; lack of restraint; devastation; physical destruction; revelation; healthy morals.

II. GIVE ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS FOR:

Страх жить; избегать контакты; одиночество; зас­тенчивость; состояние; сущность интроверта; типичное поведение; паниковать; отстаивать свои права; оцени­вать свои способности; прибегать к алкоголю или нар­котикам; размышлять о самоубийстве; проходить ле­чение; широко распространённое психологическое рас­стройство.

III. USE THE ABOVE WORD-COMBINATIONS IN DE­ SCRIBING:

1. psychoanalysis;

2. sociophobic behaviour;

3. consequences of sociophobia.

Part

Political science

T ext VIII

I. READ AND TRANSLATE THE ARTICLE: BRAIN DRAIN: A NATURAL PHENOMENON?

Nowadays we are hearing less and less about how detri­mental brain drain is to Russia. Have we, like the rest of the world, begun to see it as something natural?

The consolation is that these days, leaving the country does not necessarily mean saying good-bye forever. Indeed, in recent years, for every scientist who emigrates for good, there are four who are working on a contract basis. Their lifestyle is like a watchman's job — one shift returns, and another leaves. They usually receive temporary grants, and travel from country to country.

Often they simply go because they can't continue their research at a contemporary level in Russia, due to the lack of equipment, reactants, or the fact that they just can't get the information they need. In the meantime, the level of this «internal scientific emigration» is at least twice as high as its «external» counterpart.

According to the official emigration statistics, most of our emigre scientists and pedagogical workers ended up in Germany, although those who emigrate to Germany usually end up changing their professions. So, in fact, three quarters of the people who actively work in the field of fundamen­tal sciences are currently employed in the United States and Canada. Others go to Israel and Australia, while re­cently they've also started heading out to Latin American countries like Panama, Columbia and Mexico. There are also more exotic destinations like Trinidad, Namibia and Jamaica. They comprise the Russian scientific diaspora.

The term diaspora, or «dispersal», has historically been used to characterize people who are drawn to one another across a distance. The ethnic-Russian scientific diaspora, which is scattered throughout the entire world, was able to

436

437

Учебное пособие для философов и политологов

become «glued together» very quickly with the help of com­puter communication systems.

First the Russian scientists had mailing lists; now they also have Web sites. One of the most popular mailing lists is the INFO-RUSS project, which links over 1,200 subscrib­ers. This form of correspondence is open to everybody. Ac­cording to recent calculations, approximately 14,000 — 18,000 scientists from Russia have been working abroad in the field of fundamental sciences.

Lately, the processes of intellectual migration have be­come more stable and have taken on more civilized forms. Today, the West is buying out Russian young program­mers. Fourth-year students studying at faculties of compu­tational mathematics and cybernetics can now receive sti­pends from foreign organizations. There are representa­tives of firms recruiting students to work abroad standing by at the famous technical schools.

A big-name professor may choose the specific universi­ties he would like to work in, but his students are willing to take any job, even one that has nothing to do with major science. They are being hired to create virtual casinos, and to develop banking services and new telecommunication tech­nologies.

But science schools can't exist without students. And Russia needs to hang on for about another 10 years, until it gets some fresh blood. The only people to count on are the kids who are currently in third and fourth grades.