Занятие 14

Этапы занятия и рекомендуемая продолжительность тренировки видов речевой деятельности:

I. Изучающее чтение. (45 мин) Направлено на формирование компетенции ок-5

Задание1. Прочтите текст «Periodontal Diseases»:

The word “periodontal” is of Greek origin. It means “around the tooth”. Periodontal diseases are caused by bacterial infections that attack gums, ligaments and the bone structure. The mouth contains a large number and variety of bacteria. They form a sticky film called plaque. Plaque is not easy to remove, even if you brush your teeth every day. That is why it is very important not only to brush teeth, but also to clean between them and to have regular dental check-ups, including periodontal examinations. Unremoved plaque forms a porous deposit that is called tartar. It can be removed only when your teeth are cleaned in the dental office.

There are several kinds of periodontal diseases. Some of them develop slowly and without any pain, while others progress rapidly. These diseases occur at any age, but for adults they are the main cause of tooth loss.

What factors can increase risk of periodontal diseases?

• Poor oral hygiene

• Smoking or chewing tobacco

• Poor diet (inadequate and unbalanced diet makes mouth tissues less resistant to any infection)

• Some types of drugs (steroids, cancer therapy drugs, oral contraceptives and a lot of others)

• Pregnancy

• Defective fillings and bridges (as they contribute to plaque retention)

What are the warning signs of periodontal diseases?

• Easy bleeding from gums

• Swollen and red gums

• Permanent teeth become loose

• Persistent bad breath or bad taste

• Gums pull away from the teeth

• Any changes in the fit of partial dentures

What are the types of periodontal diseases?

The normal space between teeth and healthy gums is three millimeters or less. With periodontal diseases this small space develops into a pocket. The more serious is the disease, the greater is the depth of pockets.

• Gingivitis – a mild periodontal disease which develops when toxins in plaque irritate the gums, making them red, tender, swollen and easy to bleed. Three out of four adults have some degree of gingivitis.

• Periodontitis – a serious periodontal disease which occurs when toxins destroy the tissues which anchor teeth into the bone. The gums detach from teeth, and pockets are formed. Exposed teeth roots become susceptible to decay and sensitive to cold and touch. Tartar that forms below the gums inhibits reattachment of the gum tissue to the teeth. Thus, conditions for constant inflammation are created. If not treated, the affected teeth become loose in their sockets. They may fall out or require extraction by a dentist.

Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы после текста:

• What is dental plaque?

• What does unremoved plaque form on teeth?

• What factors can increase risk of development of periodontal diseases?

• What are the symptoms of periodontal diseases?

• What is gingivitis? What symptoms can be seen in gingivitis?

• What is periodontitis? When does it usually occur?