7. 0Тветьте на вопросы.

1. What was D. 1. Mendeleyev?

2. Where and when was he born?

3. What institute did he enter?

4. What subjects did he study at the institute?

5. When did he graduate from it?

6. When was he sent abroad?

7. In what year did Mendeleyev publish his Periodic Law of Elements?

8. What could the scientist predict thanks to his investigations?

9. Were these unknown elements discovered?

10. In what spheres of science did Mendeleyev carry out research?

11. When did he die?

1. D. I. Mendeleyev, the outstanding Russian scientist.

2. He was born in Tobolsk in 1834.

3. He entered the Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg.

4. In the institute it studied a chemistry.

5. Five years later he graduated from it.

6. To continue his studies and research Mendeleyev was sent to Germany in 1859.

7. Mendeleyev published his Periodic Law of Elements in 1869.

8. Thanks to his investigations Mendeleyev was able to predict not only the existence of a few unknown elements but their properties as well.

9. Later the elements predicted were discovered.

10. Combining theory with practical activities he carried out enormous research in coal, iron and steel industries in Russia.

11. He died in 1907.

WORD STUDY

8.Образуйте слова с помощью префиксов. Переведите как исходные, так производные слова.

re-: to construct, to make, to build, to heat, to produce

super-: man, critical, low, to cool, to heat

sub-: group, way, normal, tropical, to divide

over-: to work, to boil, to produce, to value, to pay, pressure

semi-: automatic, conductor, official, circle

inter-: national, atomic, act, change, communication

9. Переведите сочетания слов, обращая внимание на значения выделенных префиксов:

a lot of unsolved problems, under unusual conditions, inaccurate amount, irregular form, impossible situation, to misunderstand the drawing, to reassemble the model, to reread the article, supernatural phenomenon, to over cool the substance, to overheat the alloy, semiconductor materials, semiautomatic machine tools, intercontinental communication

много нерешенных проблем, при необычных условиях, неточном количестве, нерегулярной форме, невозможной ситуации, чтобы неправильно понять рисунок, чтобы повторно собрать модель, чтобы перечитать статью, сверхъестественное явление, чтобы сверх охладить вещество, чтобы перегреть сплав, материалы полупроводника, полуавтоматические станки, межконтинентальную коммуникацию.

10. К словам из группы (а) подберите синонимы из группы (б):

а) big, plan, to tell, enormous, to have, way, investigation, to pay attention, protection, to build, to predict, to offer

б) to give attention, tremendous, road, research, to construct, to forecast, to possess, scheme, to say, large, defence, to suggest

big – large; plan – scheme; to tell – to say; enormous – tremendous; to have – to possess; way – road; investigation – research; to pay attention – to give attention; protection – defence; to build – to construct; to predict – to forecast; to offer – to suggest.

11. К словам из группы (а) подберите антонимы из группы (б):

а) capable, to enter, behind, beginning, equal, to ask, to connect, hot, easy, before, similar

б) cold, difficult, end, to answer, in front of, after, to disconnect, to graduate, different, unequal, incapable

capable – incapable; to enter - to graduate; behind - in front of; beginning – end; equal – different; to ask – answer; to connect - to disconnect; hot – cold; easy – difficult; before – after; similar – different.

12. Переведите на русский язык группы слов и предложения, проверив в словаре значения выделенных слов:

1. to make investigations; to make progress; two and fifteen makes seventeen; this apparatus is made of 280 pieces; a molecule is made of atoms

2. to develop industry; to develop the necessary properties; to develop a new type of device; the development of the economy; the development of new materials; the development of mechanisms 3. the number of students; a number of investigations; numbers of people; page number 55; in magazine number one; motor-car number

4. to take a newspaper; to take interest (in); to take the form of a cylinder; to take into account; it takes me two hours to do this task; to take place; to take part

1. сделать исследования; сделать успехи; два и пятнадцать делает семнадцать; этот аппарат сделан из 280 частей; молекула сделана из атомов

2. развивать промышленность; развивать необходимые свойства; развивать новый тип устройства; развитие экономики; развитие новых материалов; разработка механизмов

3. число студентов; много исследований; число людей; номер страницы 55; в журнале номер один; число автомобиля

4. взять газету; интересоваться; принять форму цилиндра; принять во внимание; мне требуются два часа, чтобы сделать эту задачу; иметь место; принять участие

13. Правильно прочтите и переведите следующие слова:

а) this — thus; some — same; there — their; where — were; very - vary; law — low; form — from; only — the only; to furnish — to finish; day — date — data; though — through — thought; read — ready

б) large — largely; high — highly; hard — hardly; near — nearly; short — shortly; great — greatly

а) это — таким образом; некоторые — то же самое; там — их; где — были; очень - изменяются; закон — низко; форма — от; только — единственное; снабдить — чтобы закончиться; день — дата — данные; хотя — через — мысль; читайте — готовый

б ) большой — в основном; высоко — чрезвычайно; трудно — едва; рядом — почти; короткий — вскоре; большой — очень

14. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова:

1. Hydrogen and oxygen exist in nature both separately and in combination with other substances.

2. As one knows, there is neither air nor water on any part of the Moon.

3. Reaching the Earth the energy sent from the Sun is either absorbed or reflected, or both.

4. Matter can exist in either of the four states — solid, liquid, gaseous or plasma.

1. Водород и кислород существуют в природе и отдельно и в сочетании с другими веществами.

2. Как каждый знает, нет ни воздуха, ни воды ни на какой части Луны.

3. Достигая Земли энергия, посланная из Солнца, или поглощена или отражена, или оба.

4. Вопрос может существовать или в четырех государств — тело, жидкое, газообразное или в плазмы.

15. Определите, какими частями речи являются выделенные слова, принимая во внимание их место в предложении и формальные признаки. Предложения переведите.

1. The atmosphere of the Earth consists of various gases in varying amounts.

2. The total capacity of the new station amounts to 6,000,000 kilowatts.

3. These research centres are developing new kinds of polymer materials in order to meet the needs of various branches of industry.

4. The scientist classified the elements in the order of increasing atomic weights.

5. These articles deal with the investigations and achievement world science in the field of radioactivity.

6 A great deal of attention is paid to the study of the fundamentals of physics and mathematics at our higher educational institutions.

1. Атмосфера Земли состоит из различных газов в изменении количества.

2. Суммарная мощность новой станции составляет 6,000,000 киловатт.

3. Эти научно-исследовательские центры развивают новые виды материалов полимера, чтобы соответствовать потребностям различных отраслей промышленности.

4. Ученый классифицировал элементы в заказе увеличения атомных весов.

5. Эти статьи имеют дело с исследованиями и наукой мира успеха в области радиоактивности.

6 большое внимание обращено на исследование основных принципов физики и математики в наших институтах.

18. Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание, пользуясь списком новых слов.

19. Закончите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста:

1. The first university where Rutherford studied was in... a) America; b) Europe; c) New Zealand.

2. The university was...

a) very old and well-known all over the world;

b) very small and quite new;

c) very large and rich in traditions.

3. At the university Rutherford became interested in... a) physics; b) history; c) social sciences.

4. In 1908 E. Rutherford was awarded Nobel Prize for...

a) his first scientific work;

b) the practical application of his investigations;

c) a number of researches in chemistry.

Revision exercise

II. Переведите на английский язык слова в скобках, используя безличные обороты, данные ниже. Предложения переведите.

1. In order to understand the electronic theory, (необходимо) to have a clear understanding of the structure of matter.

2. (Возможно) to name thousands of physical and chemical changes taking place in nature.

3. (Интересно) to note that the physical form of an element has no connection with the form of the compound.

4. (Следует сказать) that this polymer changes its colour when heated.

5.(Можно сказать) that the preparation of the alloy did not take much time.

6. (Говорят) that such tests should be carried out in a special laboratory. it is interesting; it should be said; it is necessary; it is possible; it is said; it can be said

1. In order to understand the electronic theory, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the structure of matter.

2. It is possible to name thousands of physical and chemical changes taking place in nature.

3. It is interesting to note that the physical form of an element has no connection with the form of the compound.

4. It should be said that this polymer changes its colour when heated.

5. It can be said that the preparation of the alloy did not take much time.

6. It is said that such tests should be carried out in a special laboratory.