- •Features
- •Pin Configurations
- •Overview
- •Block Diagram
- •Disclaimer
- •Pin Descriptions
- •Port C (PC5..PC0)
- •PC6/RESET
- •Port D (PD7..PD0)
- •RESET
- •AVCC
- •AREF
- •AVR CPU Core
- •Introduction
- •Architectural Overview
- •Status Register
- •Stack Pointer
- •Interrupt Response Time
- •SRAM Data Memory
- •EEPROM Data Memory
- •EEPROM Read/Write Access
- •I/O Memory
- •Clock Systems and their Distribution
- •CPU Clock – clkCPU
- •I/O Clock – clkI/O
- •Flash Clock – clkFLASH
- •ADC Clock – clkADC
- •Clock Sources
- •Crystal Oscillator
- •External RC Oscillator
- •External Clock
- •Timer/Counter Oscillator
- •Idle Mode
- •Power-down Mode
- •Power-save Mode
- •Standby Mode
- •Analog Comparator
- •Brown-out Detector
- •Internal Voltage Reference
- •Watchdog Timer
- •Port Pins
- •Resetting the AVR
- •Reset Sources
- •Power-on Reset
- •External Reset
- •Brown-out Detection
- •Watchdog Reset
- •Watchdog Timer
- •Timed Sequences for Changing the Configuration of the Watchdog Timer
- •Interrupts
- •I/O Ports
- •Introduction
- •Configuring the Pin
- •Reading the Pin Value
- •Unconnected pins
- •Alternate Port Functions
- •Alternate Functions of Port B
- •Alternate Functions of Port C
- •Alternate Functions of Port D
- •Register Description for I/O Ports
- •External Interrupts
- •8-bit Timer/Counter0
- •Overview
- •Registers
- •Definitions
- •Counter Unit
- •Operation
- •Internal Clock Source
- •Prescaler Reset
- •External Clock Source
- •16-bit Timer/Counter1
- •Overview
- •Registers
- •Definitions
- •Compatibility
- •Counter Unit
- •Input Capture Unit
- •Input Capture Trigger Source
- •Noise Canceler
- •Using the Input Capture Unit
- •Output Compare Units
- •Force Output Compare
- •Modes of Operation
- •Normal Mode
- •Fast PWM Mode
- •Phase Correct PWM Mode
- •8-bit Timer/Counter2 with PWM and Asynchronous Operation
- •Overview
- •Registers
- •Definitions
- •Counter Unit
- •Output Compare Unit
- •Force Output Compare
- •Modes of Operation
- •Normal Mode
- •Fast PWM Mode
- •Phase Correct PWM Mode
- •Timer/Counter Prescaler
- •SS Pin Functionality
- •Slave Mode
- •Master Mode
- •SPI Control Register – SPCR
- •SPI Status Register – SPSR
- •SPI Data Register – SPDR
- •Data Modes
- •USART
- •Overview
- •AVR USART vs. AVR UART – Compatibility
- •Clock Generation
- •External Clock
- •Synchronous Clock Operation
- •Frame Formats
- •Parity Bit Calculation
- •USART Initialization
- •Sending Frames with 9 Data Bits
- •Parity Generator
- •Disabling the Transmitter
- •Receiver Error Flags
- •Parity Checker
- •Disabling the Receiver
- •Flushing the Receive Buffer
- •Asynchronous Data Recovery
- •Using MPCM
- •Write Access
- •Read Access
- •Two-wire Serial Interface
- •Features
- •TWI Terminology
- •Electrical Interconnection
- •Transferring Bits
- •START and STOP Conditions
- •Address Packet Format
- •Data Packet Format
- •Overview of the TWI Module
- •SCL and SDA Pins
- •Bit Rate Generator Unit
- •Bus Interface Unit
- •Address Match Unit
- •Control Unit
- •TWI Register Description
- •TWI Bit Rate Register – TWBR
- •TWI Control Register – TWCR
- •TWI Status Register – TWSR
- •TWI Data Register – TWDR
- •Using the TWI
- •Transmission Modes
- •Master Transmitter Mode
- •Master Receiver Mode
- •Slave Receiver Mode
- •Slave Transmitter Mode
- •Miscellaneous States
- •Analog Comparator
- •Analog Comparator Multiplexed Input
- •Features
- •Starting a Conversion
- •Changing Channel or Reference Selection
- •ADC Input Channels
- •ADC Voltage Reference
- •ADC Noise Canceler
- •Analog Input Circuitry
- •ADC Accuracy Definitions
- •ADC Conversion Result
- •The ADC Data Register – ADCL and ADCH
- •ADLAR = 0
- •ADLAR = 1
- •Boot Loader Features
- •Application Section
- •BLS – Boot Loader Section
- •Boot Loader Lock Bits
- •Performing a Page Write
- •Using the SPM Interrupt
- •Setting the Boot Loader Lock Bits by SPM
- •Reading the Fuse and Lock Bits from Software
- •Preventing Flash Corruption
- •Simple Assembly Code Example for a Boot Loader
- •Fuse Bits
- •Latching of Fuses
- •Signature Bytes
- •Calibration Byte
- •Signal Names
- •Parallel Programming
- •Enter Programming Mode
- •Chip Erase
- •Programming the Flash
- •Programming the EEPROM
- •Reading the Flash
- •Reading the EEPROM
- •Programming the Lock Bits
- •Reading the Signature Bytes
- •Reading the Calibration Byte
- •Serial Downloading
- •Data Polling Flash
- •Data Polling EEPROM
- •Electrical Characteristics
- •Absolute Maximum Ratings*
- •DC Characteristics
- •External Clock Drive Waveforms
- •External Clock Drive
- •Two-wire Serial Interface Characteristics
- •ADC Characteristics
- •Active Supply Current
- •Idle Supply Current
- •Power-down Supply Current
- •Power-save Supply Current
- •Standby Supply Current
- •Pin Pull-up
- •Pin Driver Strength
- •Internal Oscillator Speed
- •Ordering Information
- •Packaging Information
- •Erratas
- •Datasheet Change Log for ATmega8
- •Changes from Rev. 2486K-08/03 to Rev. 2486L-10/03
- •Changes from Rev. 2486K-08/03 to Rev. 2486L-10/03
- •Changes from Rev. 2486J-02/03 to Rev. 2486K-08/03
- •Changes from Rev. 2486I-12/02 to Rev. 2486J-02/03
- •Changes from Rev. 2486H-09/02 to Rev. 2486I-12/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2486G-09/02 to Rev. 2486H-09/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2486F-07/02 to Rev. 2486G-09/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2486E-06/02 to Rev. 2486F-07/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2486D-03/02 to Rev. 2486E-06/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2486C-03/02 to Rev. 2486D-03/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2486B-12/01 to Rev. 2486C-03/02
- •Table of Contents
ATmega8(L)
Pin Pull-up |
Figure 143. I/O Pin Pull-up Resistor Current vs. Input Voltage (VCC = 5V) |
I/O PIN PULL-UP RESISTOR CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
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Vcc = 5V |
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160 |
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85°C |
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140 |
25°C |
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120 |
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100 |
-40°C |
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(uA) |
80 |
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IO |
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I |
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60 |
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40 |
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20 |
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0 |
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0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
VOP (V)
Figure 144. I/O Pin Pull-up Resistor Current vs. Input Voltage (VCC = 2.7V)
I/O PIN PULL-UP RESISTOR CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
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Vcc = 2.7V |
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90 |
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80 |
25°C |
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85°C |
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70 |
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60 |
-40°C |
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(uA) |
50 |
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IO |
40 |
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I |
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30 |
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20 |
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10 |
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0 |
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0 |
0.5 |
1 |
1.5 |
2 |
2.5 |
3 |
VOP (V)
257
2486M–AVR–12/03
Figure 145. Reset Pull-up Resistor Current vs. Reset Pin Voltage (VCC = 5V)
RESET PULL-UP RESISTOR CURRENT vs. RESET PIN VOLTAGE
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Vcc = 5V |
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100 |
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- 40°C |
25°C |
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80 |
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85°C |
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(uA) |
60 |
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RESET |
40 |
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I |
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20 |
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0 |
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0 |
1 |
2 |
VRESET (V)
Figure 146. Reset Pull-up Resistor Current vs. Reset Pin Voltage (VCC = 2.7V)
RESET PULL-UP RESISTOR CURRENT vs. RESET PIN VOLTAGE
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Vcc = 2.7V |
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45 |
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-40°C40 |
25°C |
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35 |
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30 |
85°C |
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(uA) |
25 |
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RESET |
20 |
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I |
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15 |
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10 |
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5 |
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0 |
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0 |
0.5 |
1 |
1.5 |
2 |
2.5 |
VRESET (V)
258 ATmega8(L)
2486M–AVR–12/03
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ATmega8(L) |
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Pin Driver Strength |
Figure 147. I/O Pin Source Current vs. Output Voltage (VCC = 5V) |
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I/O PIN SOURCE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE |
IOH (mA)
Vcc = 5V
80
-40°C
70
25°C
60
85°C
50
40
30
20
10
0
VOH (V)
Figure 148. I/O Pin Source Current vs. Output Voltage (VCC = 2.7V)
IOH (mA)
I/O PIN SOURCE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 2.7V
30
-40°C
25
25°C
85°C
20
15
10
5
0
0 |
0.5 |
1 |
1.5 |
2 |
2.5 |
3 |
VOH (V)
259
2486M–AVR–12/03
Figure 149. I/O Pin Sink Current vs. Output Voltage (VCC = 5V)
I/O PIN SINK CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
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Vcc = 5V |
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90 |
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80 |
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-40°C |
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70 |
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25°C |
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60 |
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85°C |
(mA) |
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50 |
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OL |
40 |
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I |
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30 |
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20 |
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10 |
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0 |
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0 |
0.5 |
1 |
1.5 |
2 |
2.5 |
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VOL (V) |
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Figure 150. I/O Pin Sink Current vs. Output Voltage (VCC = 2.7V)
I/O PIN SINK CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
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Vcc = 2.7V |
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35 |
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30 |
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-40°C |
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25 |
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25°C |
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85°C |
(mA) |
20 |
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OL |
15 |
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I |
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10 |
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5 |
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0 |
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0 |
0.5 |
1 |
1.5 |
2 |
2.5 |
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VOL (V) |
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260 ATmega8(L)
2486M–AVR–12/03
ATmega8(L)
Figure 151. Reset Pin as I/O – Pin Source Current vs. Output Voltage (VCC = 5V)
RESET PIN AS I/O - SOURCE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
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Vcc = 5V |
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4 |
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3.5 |
-40°C |
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3 |
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25°C |
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(mA) |
2.5 |
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85°C |
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Current |
2 |
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1.5 |
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1 |
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0.5 |
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0 |
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2 |
2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
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VOH (V) |
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Figure 152. Reset Pin as I/O – Pin Source Current vs. Output Voltage (VCC = 2.7V)
RESET PIN AS I/O - SOURCE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
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Vcc = 2.7V |
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5 |
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4.5 |
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25°C4 |
-40°C |
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3.5 |
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(mA) |
3 |
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Current |
2.5 |
85°C |
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2 |
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1.5 |
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1 |
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0.5 |
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0 |
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0 |
0.5 |
1 |
1.5 |
2 |
2.5 |
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VOH (V) |
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261
2486M–AVR–12/03
Figure 153. Reset Pin as I/O – Pin Sink Current vs. Output Voltage (VCC = 5V)
RESET PIN AS I/O - SINK CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
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Vcc = 5V |
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14 |
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12 |
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-40°C |
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10 |
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25°C |
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(mA) |
8 |
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85°C |
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Current |
6 |
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4 |
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2 |
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0 |
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0 |
0.5 |
1 |
1.5 |
2 |
2.5 |
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VOL (V) |
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Figure 154. Reset Pin as I/O – Pin Sink Current vs. Output Voltage (VCC = 2.7V)
RESET PIN AS I/O - SINK CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
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Vcc = 2.7V |
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4.5 |
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4 |
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-40°C |
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3.5 |
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25°C |
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3 |
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(mA) |
2.5 |
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85°C |
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Current |
2 |
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1.5 |
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1 |
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0.5 |
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0 |
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0 |
0.5 |
1 |
1.5 |
2 |
2.5 |
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VOL (V) |
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262 ATmega8(L)
2486M–AVR–12/03
ATmega8(L)
Pin Thresholds and
Hysteresis
Figure 155. I/O Pin Input Threshold Voltage vs. VCC (VIH, I/O Pin Read as “1”)
I/O PIN INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE vs. VCC
VIH, IO PIN READ AS '1'
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2.5 |
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-40°C |
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2 |
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85°C |
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25°C |
(V) |
1.5 |
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Threshold |
1 |
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0.5 |
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0 |
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2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
5.5 |
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VCC (V) |
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Figure 156. I/O Pin Input Threshold Voltage vs. VCC (VIL, I/O Pin Read as “0”)
I/O PIN INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE vs. VCC
VIL, IO PIN READ AS '0'
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2 |
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1.5 |
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-40°C |
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25°C |
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85°C |
(V) |
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Threshold |
1 |
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0.5 |
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0 |
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2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
5.5 |
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VCC (V) |
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263
2486M–AVR–12/03
Figure 157. I/O Pin Input Hysteresis vs. VCC
I/O PIN INPUT HYSTERESIS vs. VCC
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0.7 |
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0.6 |
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85°C |
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-40°C |
(V) |
0.5 |
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25°C |
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Hysteresis |
0.4 |
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0.3 |
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Input |
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0.2 |
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0.1 |
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0 |
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2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
5.5 |
VCC (V)
Figure 158. Reset Pin as I/O – Input Threshold Voltage vs. VCC (VIH, I/O Pin Read as “1”)
RESET PIN AS I/O - INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE vs. VCC
VIH, RESET PIN READ AS '1'
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4 |
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-40°C |
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3.5 |
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85°C |
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25°C |
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3 |
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(V) |
2.5 |
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Threshold |
2 |
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1.5 |
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1 |
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0.5 |
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0 |
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2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
5.5 |
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VCC (V) |
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264 ATmega8(L)
2486M–AVR–12/03
ATmega8(L)
Figure 159. Reset Pin as I/O – Input Threshold Voltage vs. VCC (VIL, I/O Pin Read as “0”)
RESET PIN AS I/O - INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE vs. VCC
VIL, RESET PIN READ AS '0'
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2.5 |
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85°C |
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2 |
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25°C |
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-40°C |
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(V) |
1.5 |
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Threshold |
1 |
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0.5 |
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0 |
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2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
5.5 |
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VCC (V) |
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Figure 160. Reset Pin as I/O – Pin Hysteresis vs. VCC
RESET PIN AS I/O - PIN HYSTERESIS vs. VCC
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2 |
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1.5 |
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-40°C |
(V) |
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85°C |
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25°C |
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Input Hysteresis |
1 |
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0.5 |
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0 |
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2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
5.5 |
VCC (V)
265
2486M–AVR–12/03
Figure 161. Reset Input Threshold Voltage vs. VCC (VIH, Reset Pin Read as “1”)
RESET INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE vs. VCC
VIH, RESET PIN READ AS '1'
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2.5 |
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2 |
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-40°C |
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25°C |
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85°C |
(V) |
1.5 |
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Threshold |
1 |
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0.5 |
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0 |
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2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
5.5 |
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VCC (V) |
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Figure 162. Reset Input Threshold Voltage vs. VCC (VIL, Reset Pin Read as “0”)
RESET INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE vs. VCC
VIL, RESET PIN READ AS '0'
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2.5 |
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2 |
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85°C |
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25°C |
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-40°C |
(V) |
1.5 |
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Threshold |
1 |
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0.5 |
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0 |
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2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
5.5 |
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VCC (V) |
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266 ATmega8(L)
2486M–AVR–12/03
ATmega8(L)
Bod Thresholds and Analog
Comparator Offset
Figure 163. Reset Input Pin Hysteresis vs. VCC
RESET INPUT PIN HYSTERESIS vs. VCC
|
1 |
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0.8 |
-40°C |
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(V) |
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Hysteresis |
0.6 |
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25°C |
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0.4 |
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Input |
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85°C |
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0.2 |
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0 |
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2 |
2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
5.5 |
VCC (V)
Figure 164. BOD Thresholds vs. Temperature (BOD Level is 4.0V)
BOD THRESHOLDS vs. TEMPERATURE
BODLEVEL IS 4.0V
|
4.3 |
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4.2 |
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Rising VCC |
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(V) |
4.1 |
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Threshold |
4 |
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Falling VCC |
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3.9 |
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3.8 |
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3.7 |
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-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 |
0 |
10 |
20 |
30 |
40 |
50 |
60 |
70 |
80 |
90 100 |
||||||||||||||
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Temperature (˚C) |
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267
2486M–AVR–12/03
Figure 165. BOD Thresholds vs. Temperature (BOD Level is 2.7v)
BOD THRESHOLDS vs. TEMPERATURE
Threshold (V)
BODLEVEL IS 2.7V
2.8
2.7
Rising VCC
2.6
Falling VCC
2.5
2.4
-50 |
-40 |
-30 |
-20 |
-10 |
0 |
10 |
20 |
30 |
40 |
50 |
60 |
70 |
80 |
90 |
100 |
Temperature (˚C)
Figure 166. Bandgap Voltage vs. VCC
BANDGAP VOLTAGE vs. VCC
|
1.315 |
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1.31 |
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-40° |
(V) |
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85° |
Voltage |
1.305 |
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25° |
|
Bandgap |
1.3 |
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1.295 |
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1.29 |
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2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
5.5 |
Vcc (V)
268 ATmega8(L)
2486M–AVR–12/03
ATmega8(L)
Figure 167. Analog Comparator Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Voltage (VCC = 5V)
ANALOG COMPARATOR OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. COMMON MODE VOLTAGE
|
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VCC = 5V |
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0.003 |
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0.002 |
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(V) |
0.001 |
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Voltage |
0 |
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-0.001 |
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Offset |
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85° |
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-0.002 |
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Comparator |
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-0.003 |
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-0.004 |
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25° |
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-0.005 |
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-40° |
|
-0.006 |
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0 |
0.5 |
1 |
1.5 |
2 |
2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
Common Mode Voltage (V)
Figure 168. Analog Comparator Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Voltage (VCC = 2.7V)
ANALOG COMPARATOR OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. COMMON MODE VOLTAGE
|
|
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|
VCC = 2.7V |
|
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0.003 |
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0.002 |
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(V) |
0.001 |
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Voltage |
0 |
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Offset |
-0.001 |
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85° |
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||
Comparator |
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-0.002 |
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25° |
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-0.003 |
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-0.004 |
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-40° |
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-0.005 |
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0 |
0.5 |
1 |
1.5 |
2 |
2.5 |
3 |
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Common Mode Voltage (V) |
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269
2486M–AVR–12/03