Раздел 3. Present Perfect

Present Perfect Simple

has/have + past participle

Negative

He She It	has not (hasn’t)	worked left
I We You They	have not (haven’t)

P

Has	he she it	worked left
Have	I we you they

ositive Question

He She It	has	worked left
I We You They	have

Употребление:

1. ever, never, just, already (в утвердительных предложениях),

yet (в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях),

recently, lately (недавно, за последнее время), up to now (до сих пор)

2. фразы, обозначающие неоконченный период времени – this week, today, this morning

3. for, since – для обозначения длительности

I haven’t seen you for several years.

I have lived there since1971.

4) it’s the first time … – впервые

5) always – для обозначения действия, которое началось в прошлом и только что закончилось или еще длится

I have always wanted to visit London.

6) для обозначения действия или события, которое произошло в прошлом и имеет связь с настоящим:

а) употребляется при описании события, произошедшего в прошлом, результаты которого существенны в настоящем:

I have left my book at home.

б) употребляется при сообщении о чем-то, что произошло недавно:

I have just bought a new dress.

в) употребляется при описании действия, которое началось до момента речи и продолжается вплоть до него:

I have lived in Moscow for 20 years.

г) употребляется для обозначения события как важной части опыта человека

I have been to London twice.

Ex. 1 Write the sentences putting the verbs into the Present Perfect

Example: She……...ill for several months. (be)

She has been ill for several months.

1. This is the nicest restaurant I……... (see).

2. Three people ….….. the company this week. (leave)

3. I ….….. three letters already (write)

4. We ……... two holidays this year. (have)

5. There ……... a revolution in San Serife. (be)

6. Someone ….….. your front gate! (knock down)

7. ……... Indonesian food? (you ever eat)

8. ……... you homework yet? (you do)

9. It’s the first time I ……... here. (be)

10. You ….….. a shave! (have)

11. She’s got the best voice I …........ (ever hear)

12. This is the fourth time he …….… my car. (damage)

13. He …….… here since eight o’clock. (be)

14. She ……... (just go out)

15. …….. already …….. Mary? (you see)

Ex. 2 Use for or since

Example: Jill has been in Ireland since/for Monday.

Jill has been in Ireland since/for three days.

1. My aunt has lived in Australia since/for 15 years.

2. Margaret is in her office. She has been there since/for 7 o’clock.

3. India has been an independent country since/for 1947

4. The bus is late. We‘ve been waiting since/for 20 minutes.

5. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty since/for many years.

6. Mike has been ill since/for a long time. He has been in hospital since/for October.

Past Simple or Present Perfect

Ex. 1 Choose the right form Past Simple or Present Perfect

Example: Tom (didn’t meet/hasn’t met) his sister since he was a child.

She (lived/has lived) in England last year.

1. I (lost/have lost) my key.

2. Look! Somebody (broke/has broken) the window.

3. Do you know about Jan? She (gave up/has given up) smoking.

4. I’m looking for Mike. (Did you see/Have you seen) him.

5. Your car looks great. (Did you wash /Have you washed) it?

6. Mr Clark (worked/has worked) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up.

7. When (did you write/have you written) this poem?

8. Agatha Christie (wrote/has written) 68 novels, 17 plays and more than a hundred stories.

9. I’m very hungry! I (didn’t eat/haven’t eaten) anything today.

10. When sending the telegram she (forgot/has forgotten ) to write her name.

Ex. 2 Write the sentences using Past Simple or Present Perfect

Example: It (not snow) this week. It hasn’t snowed this week.

You (see) the news on TV last night? Did you see the news on TV last night?

1. He (leave) school in 1999.

2. I don’t know where he is. You (see) him?

3. “Where is your key?” “I don’t know. I (lose) it.”

4. We (visit) the local museum last weekend.

5. Ann is on holiday she (go) to France.

6. When the last train (leave)?

7. “Would you like something to eat?” “No, thanks. I just (have) lunch.”

8. It’s the most interesting book I ever (read)

9. The weather (be) good when you (be) on holiday?

10. He (drink) too much coffee today.

Present Perfect Continuous

Positive Question

He She It	has been				working leaving
I We You They	have been

Has	he she it	been working been leaving
Have	I we you they

Negative

He She It	has not been (hasn’t)	working leaving
I We You They	have not been (haven’t)

Употребление:

1. для обозначения действия, которое началось в прошлом, развивалось некоторое время и закончилось недавно или только что: She is out of breath. Has she been running?

2. для обозначения действия, которое началось в прошлом, развивалось некоторое время и не закончилось к моменту речи: I have been reading this book for a week.

Ex. 1 Write the verbs in the Present Perfect Continuous

Example: “What (you do) today?” “ I (play) tennis.

“What have you been doing today?” “I have been plying tennis.

1. ‘How long (you study) English?’

2. ‘Oh, David! I (look) for you’

3. Pat (live) here for twenty-five years.

4. I’m tired. We (walk) all day.

5. I (wait) here for ages.

6. She’s bad-tempered because she (work) too hard.

7. They 9watch) football since three o’clock.

8. How long (you learn) to drive?

9. I (work) here since I was eighteen.

10. I’m hungry. I (travel) for hours.

Present Perfect Simple or Continuous

Ex. 2 Write the dialogue putting the verbs into the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous

Julia: Gosh, it (be) busy this morning, hasn’t it?

Pat: Yes, you look exhausted. What (you do)?

Julia: I (not stop) all morning. I (write) letters, (answer) the phone, (do) the filing…. It (be) impossible.

Pat: It (be) the same for me. My phone (ring) all morning. I (write) five letters… and I (interview) three people for that secretarial job.

Julia: Have you? Oh, I (interview) one as well. And (send) off another ten application forms to people who want them. It seems to be very popular.

Pat: It does, doesn’t it? I can’t think why. Four people (phone) me about it this morning.

Julia: Have they?.. Oh, and I (look) through that letter, you know, the one the managing director sent to all the staff…

Pat: Oh, yes, I (already read) that. Not very interesting, is it?

Julia: No… I think (read) it all before….