Глава 17

17.1 Форма прошедшего времени глагола "should"

Для того, чтобы образовать форму прошедшего времени от глагола "should" следует добавить к нему "have + причастие второе":

I missed my plane this morning. I should have left earlier.

Я опоздал на самолет сегодня утром. Мне следовало выехать раньше

I can't find a hotel room. I should have made a reservation.

Я не могу найти свободной комнаты ни в одном отеле. Мне следовало забронировать ее заранее.

"Should" в прошедшем времени имеет оттенок неудачи, упущения. Обратите внимание, что "should have" обычно произносится как "should've" или "shouda." Отрицательная форма - "should not have," в разговорном ангийском произносится как "shouldn't've" или "shouldn't'a."

Упражнение 1.Выберите правильный вариант.

1. You __________ seen her in Chicago! I know for a fact that she was right here in Phoenix!

must have

should not have

couldn't have

2. Yes, I know that I __________ studied last night, but I decided to watch TV instead.

would've

should've

must've

3. Where's Jill? She __________ forgotten that we were supposed to meet at 2:00 PM.

would've

should've

must've

5. Look! It's raining and Professor Johnson is all wet. He __________ forgotten his umbrella again!

should've

would've

must've

6. You __________ turned off the computer when you did! You've caused all kinds of problems!

shouldn't have

must not have

might not have

7. She __________ study last night, so she didn't.

didn't have to

mustn't

didn't ought to

8. Yes, she __________ been here yesterday. I don't think she was, but I can't prove that she wasn't.

could

could've

couldn't have

9. I'm not sure where Dave is. He __________ taken Benjamin to a movie or to the zoo.

would have

may have

ought not to have

10. You shouldn't have driven so fast! You __________ had an accident!

would have

may have

might have

17.2 Употребление "could"

"Could" имеет две сферы употребления:

1.) Возможность сделать что-либо в прошлом:

I can speak English now. I couldn't when I was a child.

2.) Вежливый вопрос:

Could I borrow your car? – Можно мне взять твою машину?

Could you speak slower? – Не могли бы Вы говорить немного медленее?

Could we check out later? – Мы можем выписаться позже?

Обратите внимпние на то, что "could" является формой прошедшего времени для "can". Отрицательная форма - "couldn't" ("could not").

Упражнение 1.Выберите правильный ответ на вопрос.

1. Сould you tell me how much it costs?

I'm sorry. I'll try to speak louder.

That model is $100

I'm sorry, I'll try not to speak so fast.

2. Could I use your phone?

I'm sorry. I'll try to speak louder.

Of course. Dial a 9 to get an outside line.

I'm sorry, I'll try not to speak so fast.

3. Excuse me, could I have some information?

I'm sorry. I'll try to speak louder.

0121 658 3659.

Yes, how can I help you? What do you want to know?

4. Could you send me confirmation?

I'm sorry. I'll try to speak louder.

Of course, I'll do it now. You'll get it in the post tomorrow.

I'm sorry, I'll try not to speak so fast.

5. Can I speak to Mr Dupont, please?

Yes, of course, we can start again tomorrow.

Of course, that's H - O - D - G - S - O - N.

Certainly, who's calling?

6. Can I leave him a message?

Certainly, could you wait a moment while I get a pen and paper?

Sorry, I'm off to the airport in a few minutes.

Sure, what would you like me to do?

7. Could you give me your number, please?

0121 658 3659.

Yes I can, 0121 658 3659.

Yes I could, 0121 658 3659.

8. Could I have a receipt, please?

Of course, do you want the VAT separated?

Of course, that's H - O - D - G - S - O - N.

I'm sorry, I'll try not to speak so fast.

9. Could I have a glass of water, please?

No.

Evian?

No thank you.

10. May I smoke here?

I'm sorry you can't smoke in the building.

No! No! No!

I don't like smoking.

11. Could you get us some coffee please?

No I can't.

No I couldn't.

I'm sorry but there isn't any.

12. Could you call me back?

Sorry, I'm off to the airport in a few minutes.

Certainly. Would you like a newspaper?

I'm sorry, I'll try not to speak so fast.

13. Could you give me a wake-up call at 7.30?

Yes, of course, we can start again tomorrow.

Certainly. Would you like a newspaper?

I'm sorry, I'll try not to speak so fast.

14. Could you speak up, please?

I'm sorry. I'll try to speak louder.

Sorry, I'm off to the airport in a few minutes.

No I couldn't.

15. Could you help me?

I'm sorry. I'll try to speak louder.

Certainly. Would you like a newspaper?

Sure, what would you like me to do?

16. Could you give me a hand?

Of course, what do you want doing?

Of course, that's H - O - D - G - S - O - N.

I'm sorry, I'll try not to speak so fast.

17. Could you spell that, please?

Yes, of course, we can start again tomorrow.

Sure, what would you like me to do?

That's H-O-D-G-S-O-N.

18. Could you repeat that, please?

Of course, what do you want doing?

Of course, that's H - O - D - G - S - O - N.

Sure, what would you like me to do?

19. Could you speak more slowly, please?

Of course, what do you want doing?

Yes, of course, we can start again tomorrow.

I'm sorry, I'll try not to speak so fast.

20. Could we stop now, I'm getting a bit tired?

Of course, what do you want doing?

Yes, of course, we can start again tomorrow.

I'm sorry, I'll try not to speak so fast.