- •С.С. Алешкевич
- •«Кооперативное образование», 2008
- •2.2. Требования к уровню освоения дисциплины
- •2.3. Взаимосвязь дисциплины «Иностранный язык» с другими дисциплинами учебного плана
- •2.4. Особенности изучения дисциплины «Иностранный язык»
- •2.5. Структура курса
- •3.2. Рекомендуемая литература
- •3.3. Средства обеспечения освоения дисциплины
- •Part I theme 1. Speech etiquette. Getting acquainted with people
- •I am a student
- •Theme 2. Problems of modern youth. System of education
- •I. Find the English equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:
- •II. Do multiple choice test
- •2.2 Education of Great Britain
- •Education in Great Britain
- •The general name of a first dergree in Britain is____
- •Identifying symbols of the four nations
- •Some historical and poetic names
- •3.2 Great Britain's history
- •Theme 4. International business contacts of modern youth
- •4. Write a Code of Conduct for your group. Review sample Codes of Ethics or Codes of Conduct from several professional groups at this web site:
- •5. Complete Questionnaire on Ethics of Gift Giving.
- •Theme 5. Economy: basic problems. Environment protection
- •5.2 Environment protection
- •Inter-dependence
- •How Much do you Know about Waste?
- •Waste Reduction Habits
- •Theme 6. Mass media. Advertising. Internet.
- •6.1 The media
- •6.2 Advertising
- •Types of advertising: Product and Institutional Advertising
- •Part II theme 7. Specific features of the future profile.
- •1. Find the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:
- •2. Choose the proper translation.
- •Theme 8. Employment: basic problems
- •The organization
- •The candidate
- •Mastering the job interview
- •Preparing for job-hunting
- •Getting that interview!
- •The interview as a 'transaction'
- •The skills of interviewer and interviewee
- •Theme 9. The role of foreign language
- •The board Managing Director or Chief Executive
- •Theme 11. Business english. Деловая корреспонденция. Структура делового письма.
- •123 King's Crescent, Brighton, br3 6jf
- •Hall & co. Ltd Builders' Merchants
- •Veto Sport ag
- •Theme 12. Negotiation. Contract.
- •Striking a better deal
- •Put the horse before the cart
- •Always comparison shop
- •Create your game plan
- •Lead the Dance
- •Theme 13. International co-operative movement
- •1) To know
- •Содержание
- •Алешкевич Сергей Сергеевич Кожевникова Анна Сергеевна иностранный язык
- •308023, Г. Белгород, ул. Садовая, 116а
Theme 5. Economy: basic problems. Environment protection
Основные проблемы экономики. Защита окружающей среды
5.1. The economy of Great Britain
Text 1. The economic format
Economy is a system by which a country's trade, industry and money are organized; the whole of a country's business, industry, trade and the money that they produce.
1. The UK has an independent, developed, international trading economy. The country emerged from World War 2, as a military victor but with a debilitated manufacturing industry, and it took 40 years to improve its competitiveness significancy (in 1973 Great Britain joined the EC).
The UK now ranks among the top industrial countries in growth rates, productivity and competitiveness (the USA, Japan).
Resources
The extraction of iron-ore has decreased, other important metals are tin & rink. Non-metallic minerals are sand, limestone, chalk, slate, clay, celestite which are used in construction.
By contrast, the UK has larger energy resources: oil, natural gas & coal (decreased in importance), the discovery of oil in the North Sea led to the rapid development of oil exploitation.
4. Branches of National Economy
Agriculture: 2 % employed in agriculture. The most important farm crops are wheat, barley, oats, sugar beets, potatoes & rapeseed (veg. oil). The main livestock products are derived from cattle, calves, sheep lambs, pigs & poultry,
Forestry. More than 8% of the United Kingdom's land area is devoted to productive forestry. Conifers & broad-leaved trees are planted. Britain imports 90 % of its timber needs from Scandinavia & Russia. Private woods comprise 56% of the total forest area in GB.
Fishing. The UK is one of Europe leading fishing countries. It has two-thirds self-sufficient in this sector . The kinds of fish are cod, haddock, plaice, mackerel and shellfish (lobsters, crabs, oysters), trout and salmon.
Industry. Coal mining has declined and the energy sector has been transformed in oil & natural gas. The bulk of electricity is produced in steam power station.
Manufacturing. The most important manufacturing industries are engineering: food, beverages and tobacco and textiles, clothing, footwear and leather.
Construction. Construction has grown at a faster rate than manufacturing. About one-third of the labour force in construction is self-employed. More than half of all construction work is the remainder on repair and maintenance.
7) Services
The most remarkable phenomenon characterizing the economy of the UK is the growth of service industries: hotels, catering, air travel and other leisure-related activities, distribution (retailing) & finance; business-support services, e.g. computing systems, softwear, management consultancy, advertising, market research, provision of exhibition and conference facilities are involved in service industry.
8) Finance.
Financial institutions are banking, insurance, building societies, the Stock Exchange, shipping and commodity markets.
London has continued to grow in size and influence as a centre of financial activity worldwide. Capital flows, foreign exchange and securities trading have increased. That's why a large number of foreign banks are represented there.
9) The Bank of England
All commercial banks are supervised by the Bank of England, which has the sole right to issue bank notes in England & Wales (banks in Scotland & Northern Ireland have limited rights to do this). The Bank of England licenses retail banks, merchant banks, discount houses and other British or foreign, banks.
10) Trade
The UK has to export and import more because of:
the limitation of its natural resources
the demands of rising living standards
British exports are: machinery, road vehicles, computers, electrical and electronic goods, oil, iron, steel, organic chemicals.
British imports are: machinery, foodstuffs, road vehicles, transport equipment, petroleum, clothing, textiles, paper, paper products.
Retail trade is conducted through shops, co-operative stores, supermarkets and hypermarkets.
Wholesale trade is mostly carried out in London.
11) Transportation
In the pattern of transport the British use automobiles, local buses, air traffic, rail network, double – decker buses, underground (tube), taxi, channel tunnel.
A lollipop lady at a zebra crossing patrols and allows children to cross the road.
12) Communication includes: British Telecom, British Broadcasting Corporation (the BBC) as the mother of information services, Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), daily, weekly newspapers.
13) From the English to the American century.
The USA became the world’s leading nation – the richest, the most prosperous, the most modern, the highest technologied – only because Great Britain, the 19the workshop of the world, seemed to falter in its economic growth.
14) Co-operation is an actual economic reality, continuing to respond to society's present and future needs and concerns.
15) The main economic regions: 1) Southern England, 2) the Midlands, 3) Lancashire, 4) Yorkshire, 5) Northern England, 6) Wales, 7) Scotland, 8) Northern Ireland.
Text 2. Economic regions
The whole country consists of eight economic regions.
The South Industrial and Agricultural Region (Southern England).
This region is the most important in the country in terms of industry, agriculture and population. This is the most densely populated area in the UK. This region includes all the south of .England both the South East and the South West. The South is a region of various industries and of intensive agriculture. At the centre of everything is the city of London (lakefort). It is the biggest port in the country. London is a typical capitalist city with all the social problems.
The other towns and cities of this region: Oxford (98,000), Cambridge (90,000) and Luton (164,000).
The South is the main agricultural region of Great Britain (dairy farming is developed; oats, barley and wheat are principle cereals).
East Anglia is extremely flat, and it is dominated by agriculture (Cambridge, Norwich). Now it is best known as a farming region. This region produces sugar-beet, potatoes and celery as well as cereals. A lot of fruit is grown in this area too.
The Midlands is situated in the centre of Great Britain. The Midlands has been one of the Britain's leading industrial region and now it is one of the chief industrial areas in the UK.
Birmingham (998,200) is Britain's second largest city and the industrial capital of the Midlands. This city is a major producer of consumer goods and services.
Coventry (310,000) is the centre of the British motor industry.
Leicester and Nottingham are leading centres of the knitwear industry.
Derby is an important producer of aircraft engines.
Agriculture: fanners breed dairy and beef cattle, sheep. The principle crops are barley, wheat, potatoes and sugar beet, gardening production of vegetables and flowers.
Lancashire. This region is situated on the western slopes of the Pennines.
Manchester is the centre of a textile industry.
Liverpool is Britain's leading port.
Agriculture: cattle, sheep, poultry; potatoes, cabbage, peas.
Yorkshire. This region is situated to the east of the Pennines.
Sheffield produces wide range of steel goods.
Leeds' (709 000) main industry is the manufacture of clothing, and engineering is also important.
Bredford (462 000) is the leading centre of woolen manufacture.
Northern England is situated between Lancashire and Yorkshire in the south and Scotland in the north. Most important cities are: Newcastle-upon-Tyne (the principle centre of the North-East). Sunderland(a seaport, a centre of ship-building and engineering industry) and Teesside (the leading iron and steel manufacturing areas in Britain).
Agriculture: sheep rearing, beef cattle and dairy cattle predominate.
Scotland is the northern part of Great Britain. Its most important industries are: coal mining, iron industry and ship-building.
Glasgow (715,000) is Scotland's largest city and the centre of ship-building trade.
Edinburgh (438,700), the capital of the country, is the centre of government, political, cultural and commercial life.
Agriculture: farming in Scotland is best described as mixed. Barley, oats, turnips, potatoes are grown. Sheep, beef and dairy cattle are reared.
Northern Ireland. As in other parts of Great Britain, basic industries of N.I. have declined, and new industries have appeared, such as electronics, electrical engineering, chemical industry.
Belfast (400,000) is a major centre of textile manufacture, ship-building, aircraft production, electronical engineering, food processing.
Wales is a mountainous country. Wales is the main area of industrial activity. Coal mining the iron and steel industries are long developed Ulster.
Cardiff (280,000) is the modern capital of Wales and is also the main business centre.
Swansea is an important container-port and Newport is a coal exporter.
Agriculture: sheep raising, dairy and beef cattle. Oats and root crops are grown mainly for fodder. Tourism is mainly concentrated in the northern coastal strip.
Task 1. Read the texts. Translate them into Russian, and render them.
Task 2. Memorize the key terms, concepts, expressions and their meaning.
|
овцеводство |
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объединение |
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решающий, важный |
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ослабленный |
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недоступность |
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животноводство |
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молочные продукты |
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продукты садоводства |
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изобилие |
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выдающееся положение |
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приобретение |
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превосходство |
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недостаточность |
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удачливо богатая страна |
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споткнуться, быть неуверенным |
Task 3. Answer the questions. Solve the problems. Do the tasks.
1. What are resources in Great Britain?
2. Name the most important branches in national economy?
3. Identify main economic regions in Great Britain?
4. Show the difference between blue – collar and white – collar workers.
5. Who holds the most important jobs in Britain (Top people)?
6. Name the nickname of the Bank of England?
7. What is the connection between the “Square mile” and the City of London?
8. What are the differences between the present role of trade unions in Britain and their role in your country?
9. How can banking be such an important part of the British economy when some British people don’t even have bank accounts?
10. Do people see work as a heavy burden or a sacred obligation (or something else)? (In Russia and Britain)
11. In your country do shops stay open for more or fewer hours a week than they do in Britain? Do you think the deregulation of shops opening hours is a good thing?
12. Labour’s transport policies have been a mess. Can Jordon Brown fix them?
13. London Olympics... How much will the games cost? What are pros and cons?
14. The cost of money must go on to contain expectations of higher prices. Support or reject this argument.
15. What are supply and demand for Tube and Train services according to Transport for London (TFL). Which runs most of the city’s transport routes?
Task 4. Discuss the economic format of Great Britain, exchange informed opinions, argue your points effectively and listen carefully to the views of others.
Task 5. Do the test.
1. What is the financial center of London?
a) the West End b) the City c) East End d) Westminster
The London Underground is more commonly known as the:
a) tube b) subway c) route d) trial version
Do you know that most underground systems all over the world use the London tube map designed by:
a) Harry Brown b) Harry Smith c) Harry Beck d) Harry Eton
Everybody knows the fast food from the big burger companies, but what other name do we give it?
a) trash food b) garbage food c) rubbish food d) junk food
In British English it’ s a pavement. In American English it is a:
a) side line b) side street c) side walk d) side alley
The largest department store in Europe is:
a) Harrods b) Max and Spencer c) GUM d) Liniga
What is a divan?
a) diving bird b) spoiled person c) divine being d) sofa without a back
8. Skilled manual are called ___ workers?
a) blue – collar b white – collar c) red – collar d) black – collar
9. People who are engaged in non – manual work are called .
a) blue – collar b) white – collar c) red – collar d) black – collar
10. The old lady of Threadneedle Street is the nickname of the .
a) bank of England b) bank of Scotland
c) bank of Wales d) Bank of Ireland
11. People from all over the world come and adopt the American culture as their own, that's why the United States is called a .
a) boiling pot b) melting pot c) selling pot d) buying pot
12. The Crystal Palace was built in to house the Great Exhibition, highlighting Britain's industrial strengths. It was a roaring success.
a) 1815 b) 1812 c) 1805 d) 1851
13. A woman who took part in campaigning for votes for women was called .
a) soldier b) producer c) suffragette d) casualty
Answer key
1 b; 2 a; 3 c; 4 d; 5 c; 6 a; 7 d; 8 a; 9 b; 10 a; 11 b; 12 d; 13 c.