Реферат

(доклад, эссе)

Тема: _______________________________________

_______________________________________

Фамилия, имя, отчество студента

Специальность ХХХХХХ (шифр)–

(Наименование специальности)

Курс ___, группа___

Форма обучения: (очная/ заочная)

Руководитель: (Ф.И.О.)

Республика Казахстан

Петропавловск, 20__

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ Ц

Essay writing recommendations**

Ц.1 Planning and writing an essay or composition

While writing an essay or composition the first thing to bear in mind is that one should read the question or essay title carefully. This recommendation is aimed at helping you understand exactly what is required from you.

Planning an essay starts with brainstorming. At this stage you are to quickly note down some ideas on the topic as you think of them. Then write down some vocabulary that you know you will need to write about this subject.

Structuring your essay is another important component of the planning procedure. If you are asked to discuss a topic or give your opinion it is important to organize your thoughts and present your arguments clearly in paragraphs, and to work out the structure of the essay before you start to write.

Essay plan typically includes at least four paragraphs. Paragraph 1 is usually devoted to the introduction of the topic. Paragraph 2 contains points of view and information in support of the argument with the necessary reasons. Paragraph 3 is aimed at giving contrasting views. Paragraph 4 is a conclusion which includes giving your own opinion or interpretation of the facts.

Ц.2 Using links and markers

There are some useful words and phrases to help guide your reader through the essay. The examples given below are extracts to show how the phrases can be used. This is not recommended to start every sentence with one of these words or phrases.

Introducing a point:

Nowadays many children spend their time watching TV rather than being active.

There are two main reasons for this, firstly…

Describing consequences:

As a result, levels of fitness are declining.

Consequently, childhood obesity is becoming increasingly widespread.

Giving more information:

In addition, increasing amounts of fast food are being consumed.

Furthermore/Moreover, many children spend a great deal of time on the Internet.

Finally/Lastly, parents are less likely to join their children in sporting activities.

Introducing a contrasting point:

However, some schools are trying to encourage healthier eating.

In contrast, other countries have introduced compulsory sports lessons.

On the other hand, certain sports are experiencing increased popularity.

There was some resistance to the schemes. Nevertheless the organizers persevered and had some success.

While/Whereas the government wants to tackle the issue, advertisers continue to target young children.

Concluding:

In conclusion/To sum up, it is the responsibility, not of the government, but of individuals to change their lifestyle.

Ц.3 Recommendations for other types of writing

You may be asked to write a report, review, leaflet or article. While writing any of the above mentioned, consider the following:

• the target reader (who you are writing for);

• the purpose of your writing (to persuade, report, inform, entertain, etc.);

• whether a formal or informal register is necessary;

• if titles and subheadings are appropriate.

Reports and leaflets need titles and subheadings and are usually written in formal language. Bullet points may be included. Articles and reviews can be informal in tone, depending on the subject and readership.

Report plan is usually split into four parts or paragraphs. Paragraph 1 is devoted to explanation of the aims and objectives of the report. Paragraph 2 deals with the description of the method of finding information. In Paragraph 3 you should summarize the results of the findings (referring to diagrams/graphs/tables if appropriate). Paragraph 4 is devoted to making recommendations and concluding points.

There are some phrases to use in the paragraphs outlined above.

** Печатается с изменениями и сокращениями с согласия авторов. Авторы исходного текста Sally Wehmeier,Colin McIntosh, Joanna Turnbull b Michael Ashby.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English by A.S. Hornby. The seventh edition. Oxford University Press, 2007.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Общие положения	3
Руководство выбором темы работы и закрепление научного руководителя	8
Подбор литературы для дипломной работы	10
Руководство дипломной работой	13
Структура дипломной работы	15
Содержание структурных элементов	18
Порядок и правила выполнения дипломной работы	25
Представление дипломной работы на кафедру и её защита	38
Список использованных источников	53
Бакалавриатта оқитын студенттердің орындайтын жазбаша жұмыстарына арналған қысқаша нұсқаулар	55
Приложение А	61
Приложение Б	62
Приложение В	63
Приложение Г	65
Приложение Д	66
Приложение Е	69
Приложение Ж	70
Приложение И	72
Приложение К	74
Приложение Л	75
Приложение М	76
Приложение Н	78
Приложение П	79
Приложение Р	125
Приложение С	126
Приложение Т	127
Приложение У	128
Приложение Ф	129
Приложение Х	131

Майра Еренгаиповна Какимова

Ирина Александровна Олькова

Вячеслав Анатольевич Сысоев