Семенчук И.В., Деревлёва Н.В., Князева Ю.В. - Учимся читать рефераты научных медицинских статей на англ. яз.- НОВ

D. MAKING THE DIAGNOSIS OFACUTE APPENDICITIS: DO MORE PREOPERATIVE CT SCANS MEAN FEWER NEGATIVE APPENDECTOMIES? A 10-YEAR STUDY

Courtney A. Coursey, Rendon C. Nelson, Mayur B. Patel, Courtney Cochran

Radiology, February 2010, Vol. 254, pp. 460-468

PURPOSE To determine the frequency of preoperative computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of patients suspected of having appendicitis at one institution during the past 10 years and to determine whether changes in CT utilization were associated with changes in the negative appendectomy rate.

DESIGN A surgical database search.

MATERIALS AND METHODS 925 patients (526 men and 399 women [mean age - 38 years (range 18–95 years]) who underwent urgent appendectomy between January 1998 and September 2007. CT, pathology, and surgery reports were reviewed. By using logistic regression, changes in the proportion of patients undergoing CT and in the proportion of patients undergoing each year appendectomy in which the appendix was healthy were evaluated. Subgroup analyses based on patient age (≤ 45 years or > 45 years) and sex also were performed.

RESULTS Prior to urgent appendectomy, 18.5% of patients underwent preoperative CT in 1998 compared with 93.2% of patients in 2007. The negative appendectomy rate for women 45 years of age and younger decreased from 42.9% in 1998% to 7.1% in 2007. However, the timing of the decrease in negative appendectomy rates for women 45 years and younger could not be proved to be associated with the increase in CT use.

CONCLUSION Rising utilization of preoperative CT and advances in technology coincided with a decrease in the negative appendectomy rate for women 45 years and younger but not in men of any age or women older than 45 years.

negative appendectomy – отрицательная аппендэктомия (удаление здорового червеобразного отростка)

timing – синхронизация, согласование по времени, хронометраж

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Выучите слова и выражения, наиболее часто употребляемые в

рефератах:

1.	anatomical outcomes	анатомический результат
2.	biomarker	биологический маркёр, биомаркёр
3.	bone loss	потеря костной массы
4.	bone marrow	костный мозг
5.	bone mineral density	костная минеральная плотность
6.	calcium supplements	кальциевые добавки
7.	closed reduction method	метод закрытого вправления (закрытой
		репозиции)
8.	contiguous bone involvement	вовлечение близлежащих костей
9.	counter-traction	вытяжение в противоположном
		направлении
10.distal radius		дистальный отдел лучевой кости

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11.dual energy X-ray absorptiometry	двухэнергетическая рентгеновская
	абсорбциометрия
12.forearm	предплечье
13.fracture	перелом
displaced fracture	перелом со смещением
14.hip	бедро
15.inflammatory back pain (IBP)	воспалительная боль в спине
16.lumbar spine	поясничный отдел (позвоночника)
17.manual reduction (Syn.	ручное вправление
manipulation)
18.metaphyseal equivalent sites	метафизарные эквивалентные участки
19.osteoporotic fracture	остеопоротический перелом
20.pelvic abscess	внутритазовый абсцесс
21.pelvic acute hematogenous	внутритазовый острый гематогенный
osteomyelitis	остеомиелит
22. proximal femur	проксимальный отдел бедренной кости
23.sacroiliac joint (SIJ)	крестцово-подвздошное сочленение
24.sacroiliitis	сакроилеит
25.spondyloarthropathy	спондилоартропатия
26.traction	вытяжка

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Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обратите внимание на перевод выделенных слов

1.Displaced fractures are usually reduced (вправляются) using closed reduction methods, which are non-surgical and generally comprise traction and manipulation.

2.One trial compared a novel (новый) non-anaesthetised method of manual reduction involving counter-traction versus traditional manual reduction under intravenous regional anaesthesia.

3.We analyzed our experience with MRI of pelvic acute hematogenous osteomyelitis.

4.Osteomyelitis involved metaphyseal equivalent sites in every case, with single bone involvement in 24 and contiguous bone involvement in the remaining 14.

5.Bone loss in patients with inflammatory back pain (IBP) suspicious of (c

подозрением на) early undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy is poorly defined (плохо распознается).

6.In 30 patients with early IBP, clinical data were collected and bone mineral density (BMD) assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.

7.Hip bone loss was found to be associated with raised baseline C-reactive protein levels (исходный уровень С-реактивного белка), baseline MRI bone marrow oedema of the SIJs and the presence of radiographic sacroiliitis after 8 years.

8.This study examined whether higher intakes of milkand other calcium-rich foods during adult years can reduce therisk of osteoporotic fractures.

9.Thesedata do not support the hypothesis that higher consumption (употребление в пищу) ofmilk or other food sources of calcium by adult women protectsagainst hip or forearm fractures.

10.This was a 12-yearprospective study among 77 761 women who had never

used calcium supplements.

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Упражнения 2. Прочитайте рефераты медицинских статей. Передайте их содержание на русском языке по схеме

А. MILK, DIETARY CALCIUM, AND BONE FRACTURES IN WOMEN:

A 12-YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY

D. Feskanich, W. C. Willett, M. J. Stampfer and G. A. Colditz

American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 87,Issue 6, pp. 992-997

OBJECTIVES This study examined whether higher intakes of milkand other calcium-rich foods during adult years can reduce therisk of osteoporotic fractures.

METHODS This was a 12-yearprospective study among 77 761 women, aged 34 through 59 yearsin 1999, who had never used calcium supplements. Dietary intakewas assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire in 2000, 2004,and 2006. Fractures of the proximal femur (n = 133) and distal radius (n = 1046) from low or moderate trauma were self-reportedon biennial questionnaires.

RESULTS We found no evidence thathigher intakes of milk or calcium from food sources reduce fractureincidence. Women who drank two or more glasses of milk per dayhad relative risks of 1.45 for hip fracture and 1.05 for forearm fracture when compared with women consuming one glassor less per week. Likewise, higher intakes of total dietarycalcium or calcium from dairy foods were not associated with decreased risk of hip or forearm fracture.

CONCLUSIONS Thesedata do not support the hypothesis that higher consumption ofmilk or other food sources of calcium by adult women protectsagainst hip or forearm fractures.

food-frequency questionnaire – опросник частоты потребления различных пищевых продуктов

biennial questionnaires – двухлетняя анкета

relative risk – относительный риск

likewise – подобно, так же

B. BONE LOSS IN VERY EARLY INFLAMMATORY BACK PAIN IN UNDIFFERENTIATED SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY: A 1-YEAR OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Haugeberg G, Bennett A.N, McGonagle D, Emery P, Marzo-Ortega H.

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2010

BACKGROUND Bone loss in patients with inflammatory back pain (IBP) suspicious of early undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy is poorly defined.

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OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip, lumbar spine and hand in patients with early IBP and to look for possible biomarkers associated with this change.

METHODS In 30 patients with early IBP BMD was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Further imaging performed included MRI of the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) and spine at baseline and X-rays of the SIJs at baseline and after 8 years.

RESULTS After 12 months no significant reduction in hip, spine and hand BMD was seen at the group level. However, hip bone loss was found to be associated with raised baseline C-reactive protein levels, baseline MRI bone marrow oedema of the SIJs and the presence of radiographic sacroiliitis after 8 years. No association was found with change in spine and hand BMD.

CONCLUSION Systemic bone loss in the hip is an early feature of the inflammatory disease process in patients with IBP in undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy. These data highlight the importance of aggressive intervention in the early stages of disease in undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy.

undifferentiated – недифференцированный

highlight – указывать на

aggressive intervention – агрессивное вмешательство

C. CLOSED REDUCTION METHODS FOR TREATING DISTAL

RADIAL FRACTURES IN ADULTS

Handoll G, Madhok R

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2003, Issue 1

OBJECTIVES To examine effectiveness of different methods of closed reduction for displaced fractures of the distal radius in adults.

METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and conference proceedings. Randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials were included. We also considered the use or not of anaesthesia.

MAIN RESULTS Three trials involving a total of 404 adults with displaced fractures of the distal radius were included.

The first trial found no statistically significant differences between mechanical reduction using finger trap traction and manual reduction in anatomical outcomes. All participants of this trial were given intravenous regional anaesthesia.

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The second trial compared a novel non-anaesthetised method of manual reduction involving counter-traction versus traditional manual reduction under intravenous regional anaesthesia. No differences in anatomical outcome were detected.

The third study compared mechanical reduction involving a special device without anaesthesia versus manual reduction under local anaesthesia Both methods yielded similar radiological results.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There was insufficient evidence from randomised controlled trials to establish the relative effectiveness of different methods of closed reduction used in the treatment of displaced fractures of the distal radius in adults.

conference proceedings – материалы конференций

finger trap traction – вытяжение пальца кости

special device – специальное устройство, аппарат

D. MRI FOR DETECTION OF ABSCESS IN ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE PELVIS IN CHILDREN

Susan A. Connolly, Leonard P. Connolly, Laura A. Drubach et al

American Journal of Roentgenology, 2007, Vol. 189, Issue. 4, pp. 867-872

OBJECTIVE We analyzed our experience with MRI of pelvic acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) to address the following questions: What does MRI reveal about bone involvement? How often are fluid collections indicative of abscess shown?

MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the imaging studies and medical records from the past 5 years of 38 children ranging in age from 25 to 211 months who were diagnosed with pelvic osteomyelitis using MRI. Statistical analysis of demographic and clinical variables was compared between patients with anabscess (n = 21) and those without (n = 17) who were identifiedon MRI.

RESULTS Osteomyelitis involved metaphyseal equivalent sites in every case (n = 38), with single bone involvement in 24 (63%) and contiguous bone involvement in the remaining 14 (37%). Fluid collections indicative of an abscess were seen in 21 cases (55%),and abscess drainage was performed in 10 (26%).

CONCLUSION Childhood pelvic AHO is relatively uncommon and produces variable signs and symptoms that are often attributed to another process. The results of our study show the ability of MRI to provide additional information that affected patient management in cases of pelvic abscess. We therefore advocate the use of MRI for any child suspectedof having pelvic AHO.

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predictive of – предсказывающий; предвещающий

abscess drainage – дренирование абсцесса

therefore – поэтому, следовательно

advocate – поддерживать

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Выучите слова и выражения, наиболее часто употребляемые в

рефератах:

1.	adverse effect	побочное действие
2.	anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies	aнтитела к тиреоидной пероксидазе
3.	autoimmune thyroid diseases	аутоиммунная болезнь щитовидной
		железы
4.	autoimmunity	аутоиммунная реакция (на
		аутоантигены), аутоиммунность
5.	breast cancer	рак молочной железы
6.	celiac disease	глютеновая болезнь, глютеновая
		энтеропатия
7.	curative	лечебный
8.	diabetes mellitus	сахарный диабет
9.	fine-needle aspiration	аспирация иглой, аспирационная
		диагностическая пункция
10.genetic haemochromatosis		генетический гемохроматоз

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11.gluten-free diet	безглютеновая диета
12.hypopituitarism	гипофункция гипофиза
13.hypophysis (Syn. pituitary)	гипофиз
14.hypothyroidism	гипотиреоз
15.induction of the antibodies	индуцирование образования антител
16.radiosurgery	радиохирургия (применение лучевой
	терапии в сочетании с оперативным
	вмешательством)
17.radiotherapy	лучевая терапия
18.thyroid hormones	гормоны щитовидной железы,
	тиреоидные гормоны
19.thyropathy	тиреопатия
20.titre of antithyroid antibodies	титр антитиреоидных антител

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обратите внимание на перевод выделенных слов

1.The ultrasonographic evaluation of the thyroid resulted in a pathological score in 9 patients of the 19 examined untreated patients, suggesting the presence of thyropathy.

2.In one large study Edwards et al. (1983) observed primary hypothyroidism in 6.1% of cases; all subjects were male and had elevated titres of antithyroid antibodies.

3.Celiac disease (CD) is associated with autoimmune thyroid disease.

4.Autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases were investigated in patients with breast cancer.

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