13) Translation software management.

Translation management software is designed to organise and manage the whole translation chain. It usually covers a number of the following functions:

– prospect management, – client management, – management of agreements, briefs, specifications and procedures, – contract forming, – management of partner relations, – generation of estimates, – work load and work flow scheduling, – pre-translation operations, – quality control, – quality management, – billing and collection, – comparisons between estimated and real time and cost, – post-mortem project analyses.

16) Machine translation. Advantages and disadvantages of machine translation.

The former does all the work for you (theoretically anyway), taking a source text and rendering it into the target language. You will still have to do a lot of clean-up work and damage control afterwards and even check the parts the program flags for meaning.

Advantage: High speed of the translation; One computer translates the same amount of text as 20-40 translators;

Consistency of terminology and style in the translation; Settings for improvement of quality; Improving the quality of the translation of specialized texts.

Disadvantage: Need of manual editing for receiving a high-quality translation; Results of the translation don't remain; Translating repetitive texts each time is repeated.

18) Cat translation. Advantages and disadvantages of cat.

CAT is a form of language translation in which a human translator uses computer software to support and facilitate the translation process. The automatic machine translation systems available today are not able to produce high-quality translations unaided: their output must be edited by a human to correct errors and improve the quality of translation.

Computer-assisted translation is a broad and imprecise term covering a range of tools, from the fairly simple to the complicated. These can include: Spell checkers; Grammar checkers; Terminologymanagers, which allow translators to manage their own terminology bankin an electronic form;Electronic dictionaries, either unilingual or bilingual; Terminology databases; Full-text search tools; Concordances, which are programs that retrieve instances of a word; Bitextaligners; Project management softwarethat allows linguists to structure complex translation projects, assign the various tasks to different people, and track the progress of each of these tasks; Translation memory tools. Programs – Déjà vu; Omega T; SDL Trados; ABBYY Linvo.

20) Technologies of translation memory.

A translation memory (also known as a ‘bi-text’) is a file consisting of a table of matches between the segments of two texts, one of which is the translation of the other. In other words, a translation memory is a table matching discourse segmentsintwodifferentlanguages.Thematchesaregenerally,butnotnecessarily, based on whole sentences. Depending on the system, set phrases, paragraphs, sections or even whole chapters may also be segmented and matched. Segments which are deemed to be ‘equivalent’ (in that they ‘match’) can then be substituted for each other whenever one of them appears in a document being translated.

The translation memory system requires three separate software applications:

– an aligner, to create the memory files, – a format and tag management system, – a translation memory management system.