АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК УЧЕБНИК 2 КУРС_макет
.pdf6.2.2Прочитайте текст и скажите, почему переходный возраст считается проблемным.
Generation Gap
One question that always comes up is: “Are teenagers a problem in your country?” Actually there are two questions. The second one is: “Do teenagers have problems in your country?” With both these questions we have the familiar linking of the words “teenager” and “problems”. Why are the two words so inextricably linked? Why should teenagers be more of a problem than, say, middle-aged people or babies? And why should they have the prerogative on having problems? Let’s see if we can come up with some answers and best way to do that is to ask questions.
“Teenagers” are people who are in the stage of their life when they are developing from children into adults. Sometimes teenagers develop interests and values different from those of their parents. That sets a conflict between two generations, which leads to a gap in mutual understanding. Traditional disagreements are: the time to come home at night, doing work about the house and the friends to spend time with. It’s important to point out that teens themselves face a number of problems: drinking alcohol or using drugs. Moreover, some children run away from homes. Most of them return after a few days or weeks, but some turn to crime and become juvenile delinquents.
According to “the older generation” teenagers are lazy, they wear ridiculous clothes and are appallingly rude to their betters and elders; they find it impossible to be polite, helpful, constructive, caring or hard-working. What’s more, they spend all their time listening to awful music (“It isn’t music, it’s just a collection of terrible noises!”) and gawping at unsuitable films. And all they ever think about is parties, drugs and sex.
Actually, it is quite the opposite of the truth. Teenagers spend a lot of time thinking about their work (studies), their families and friends, and their hobbies. Sure, there are certain preoccupations such as clothes, money, how to behave in a certain situation, their bodies. Most young people take jobs while they are studying. They work at movie theatres, fast-food restaurants, gas stations, and stores to pay for their clothes and entertainment.
Adolescence is a difficult time because it is a period of transformation. It isn’t quite as bad as a chrysalis changing into a butterfly but it may seem like it – or even the other way round! It isn’t easy to grow up and the physical and emotional changes are often confusing and worrying. It is exactly at that age when young people need a piece of advice or help. Parents should help their children and find the right approach to them so as to make everything clear. Being able to view the problems more rationally, they should try to do their best to resolve them. We need to learn to talk our problems over in our family. If we are able to do it, everything will be all right.
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6.2.3Прочитайте следующие высказывания и исправьте неверные высказывания в соответствие с содержанием текста:
1.With both these questions we have the familiar linking of the words “teenager” and “adult”.
2.Teenagers are people who are on the stage of their life when they are developing from babies into toddlers.
3.That sets a conflict between two generations, which leads to misunderstanding.
4.Some children run away from homes and never come back.
5.According to “the older generation” teenagers are hard-working, caring and polite.
6.Teenagers spend a lot of time thinking about parties, drugs and sex.
7.Teenagers work because they want to be independent.
8.Adolescence is a period of life when young people need independence.
9.We need to learn to hide our problems from our family.
10.Adolescence is a easy period of life.
6.2.4Заполните пропуски следующими словами:
Juvenile delinquents, mutual, children, studying, transformation, confusing, advice, adults, preoccupations, generations, difficult, worrying
1. Teenagers are people who are in the stage of their life when they are developing from … into … .
2.That sets a conflict between two … .
3.This conflict leads to a gap in … understanding.
4.Some children run away from homes and become … … .
5.According to … … teenagers are lazy, they wear ridiculous clothes.
6.Sure, there are some … such as clothes, money, how to behave in a certain situation.
7.Most young people take jobs while they are … .
8. Adolescence is a … time because it is a period of … /
9.Physical and emotional changes are often … and … .
10.It’s exactly at that age when young people need a piece of … .
6.2.5Прокомментируйте следующие высказывания:
1.The conflict between two generations leads to a gap in mutual understanding.
2.Adolescence is a period of transformation.
3.Teens themselves face a number of problems.
4.We need to talk our problems over in our family.
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6.2.6Назовите причины проблемы отцов и детей.
6.2.7Напишите краткую аннотацию текста.
Раздел 6.3
6.3.1Прочитайте текст и определите его основную идею. Согласны ли вы с автором?
Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot of money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.
The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn’t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generations so often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat-race? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that is important in life?
These are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guidance. Today, the situation might be reversed. The old – if they are prepared to admit it – could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not “sinful”. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in present rather than in the past or future.
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This emphasis on the present is only to be expected because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it?
6.3.2Озаглавьте текст. Дайте не менее трех вариантов заголовка.
6.3.3Письменно переведите текст со словарем.
6.3.4Напишите небольшую заметку (10-12 предложений) на тему:
“The best way to get understanding between the young and the old”
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БЛОК 7
Грамматика: The Gerund
Текст: Modern Tourism
Раздел 7.1
7.1.1Прочитайте предложения, в которых герундий выполняет функцию подлежащего. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.Camping is a good way of spending a holiday.
2.Communicating is the best way of learning the local people.
3.Staying at international hotels makes tourists enjoy a real comfort.
4.Following a strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to know the natives.
5.Following national stereotypes can be harmful.
6.Stirring up racial hatred can be very dangerous.
7.1.2Переведите предложения на английский язык, употребив герундий в функции подлежащего.
1.Путешествие – отличный способ повидать мир.
2.Прогулки на свежем воздухе – это путь к здоровому образу жизни.
3.Гулять по газону запрещено.
4.Осмотр достопримечательностей расширяет ваш кругозор.
5.Посещение музеев – это хороший путь к изучению истории и культуры страны.
6.Проживание в палатках на открытом воздухе – это идеальный способ провести каникулы.
7.1.3Прочитайте предложения, в которых герундий выполняет функцию именной части составного именного сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.His greatest pleasure is hiking.
2.Tourists’ desire is communicating with the local population.
3.Their dream is going round the world.
4.When I’m free, my favourite occupation is traveling.
5.A good way of knowing the world is going abroad.
6.To get the wrong impression of the local people is following national stereotypes.
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7.1.4Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя герундий
вфункции именной части составного именного сказуемого.
1.Мое желание – это совершить кругосветное путешествие на яхте.
2.Отличный способ узнать страну - это отправиться туда на все лето.
3.Ее мечта – поехать в Австралию.
4.Замечательный отдых – это пойти в поход.
5.Что ему нравиться, так это летать на самолете.
6.Я против бесполезной траты денег.
7.1.5Прочитайте предложения, в которых герундий выполняет функцию части составного глагольного сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.I avoided speaking to them about matters.
2.Would you mind coming again in a day or two?
3.Have you finished packing your things into the suitcase?
4.He postponed going to New York as he felt ill.
5.Though David was tired, he went on walking in the direction of Dover.
6.This place is worth visiting.
7.1.6Образуйте герундий, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.She does a lot of (to read).
2.No (to park) here.
3.I am not against his (to come).
4.She hates (to travel) on foot.
5.We don’t mind (to invite) him.
6.Excuse my (to be) late.
7.No (to smoke) here.
8.Do you like (to cycle)?
9.It is difficult to get used to (to eat) with chopsticks.
10.I suggest (to hold) another meeting next week.
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Формы герундия |
|
Indefinite |
Active |
Passive |
writing |
being written |
|
Perfect |
having written |
having been written |
Например: I like inviting friends. (Indefinite Active)
Я люблю приглашать друзей.
I like being invited to the parties. (Indefinite Active)
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Я люблю, когда меня приглашают на вечеринки.
Iremember having shown you this painting. (Perfect Active)
Япомню, что показывал тебе эту картину.
I remember having been shown this painting. (Perfect Passive)
Япомню, что мне показывали эту картину.
7.1.7Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы герундия.
1.I can’t remember having seen him before.
2.I’m sorry for having disturbed you.
3.This place is worth visiting.
4.She entered the office without being noticed.
5.Everybody enjoys sightseeing.
6.You should avoid breaking rules.
7.The boy hates being scolded.
8.The child is proud of having been praised by his parents.
9.Stop arguing and start working.
10.We are proud of having been his students.
7.1.8Раскройте скобки, употребив герундий в активной или пассивной форме.
1.Не was always ready for (to help) people.
2.He was very good at (to do) physical exercises.
3.On (to allow) to leave the room, the children immediately ran out into the yard and began (to play).
4.The results of the experiment must be checked before (to publish).
5.The child insisted on (to sent) home at once.
6.He showed no sign of (to recognize) me.
7.Why do you avoid (to speak) to me?
8.She tried to avoid (to speak) to.
9.I was angry at ( to interrupt) every other moment.
10.I’m quite serious in (to say) that I don’t want to go abroad.
Запомните слова и выражения, после которых употребляется герундий:
to avoid |
to fancy |
to stop |
to prefer |
to admit |
to finish |
to suggest |
|
to appreciate |
to forgive |
to resent |
|
to consider |
to imagine |
to hate |
|
to delay |
to mention |
to like |
|
to deny |
to mind |
to detect |
|
to enjoy |
to miss |
to postpone |
|
|
|
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7.1.9Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя герундий.
1.Я предложил поехать к морю.
2.Я не возражаю, чтобы пойти туда.
3.Она отрицает, что брала эти вещи.
4.Я предпочитаю читать книги, чем смотреть телевизор.
5.Он говорит, что получает удовольствие от экскурсий.
6.Я не могу простить его уход.
7.Студентам нравится путешествовать во время каникул.
8.Он признался что сделал это сам.
9.Я ужасно не люблю, когда меня перебивают.
10.Мне нравиться посещать новые места.
Запомните слова и выражения с предлогами, после которых употребляется герундий:
to accuse of |
to persist of |
to think of |
to approve of |
to be engaged in |
to be capable of |
to be afraid of |
to spend in |
to be fond of |
to consist of |
to result in |
to be proud of |
to complain of |
to hear of |
to insist in |
to prevent from |
to suspect of |
to depend on |
to succeed in |
to give up |
to object to |
to look forward to |
to give up the idea of |
to be surprised at |
to be good at |
to be tired of |
to be used to |
to inform of |
|
|
7.1.10Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя герундий.
1.Я хочу проинформировать вас об их прибытии.
2.Он очень хорошо говорит на английском.
3.Его обвинили в краже велосипеда.
4.Нам нравиться летать.
5.Сильный ветер помешал нам отправиться на прогулку.
6.Их решение зависит от того, будет ли погода хорошая.
7.Я способен сделать это.
8.Мы отказались от идеи провести лето за городом.
9.Он боялся опоздать на поезд.
10.Они удивились, что повстречали нас в Париже.
После глаголов to need, to want, to require,
Прилагательного worth (cтоящий ) употребляется герундий в форме active
Например: The саг needs repairing. (Машину нужно починить) The book is worth reading. (Эту книгу стоит прочитать)
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7.1.11Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1.Такой важный вопрос стоит обсудить.
2.Музей современного искусства стоит того, чтобы сходить туда.
3.Его словам стоит верить.
4.Ковер в комнате нужно почистить.
5.Вещи к отъезду нужно собрать.
6.Этот пейзаж стоит того, чтобы его нарисовали.
7.Мой компьютер нужно починить.
8.Билеты нужно купить заранее.
9.Посмотри на свои руки! Их нужно помыть.
10.Нужно ли покупать эти книги?
7.1.12Замените придаточные предложения герундиальным оборотом, употребив предлоги, данные в скобках.
Например: When they entered the house, they heard the bell ringing. (on) On entering the house, they heard the bell ringing.
1.Thank you that you invited me to the theatre. (for)
2.The woman insisted that her husband should consult the doctor at once.(on)
3.She couldn’t even think that the operation might be postponed. (of)
4.There was a little hope that James would return on the same day.(of)
5.Helen insisted that she should go on a trip.(on)
6.There is a possibility that my father will join us. (of)
7.The place looked so picturesque and cheerful that he thought he would come and live there. (of)
8.After Robert had passed his exams, he felt very happy. (on)
9.In the darkness they were afraid that they might lose their way. (of)
10.Thank you that you did it.(for)
7.1.13 Употребите герундий и соответствующий предлог в данных предложениях.
1.He is good … (to listen) to what people say.
2.I’m tired … (to work) in the garden.
3.She wasn’t interested … (to hear) my excuse.
4.He gave up the idea … (to go) abroad.
5.The girls whispered as they were afraid … (to hear) by someone.
6.They are interested … (to join) our expedition.
7.He can’t get into the house … (to climb) through the window.
8.She improves her pronunciation … (to listen) to the tapes.
9.(To travel) like this you suspend all experience.
10.You spend most of your time looking forward … (to arrive) at some other place.
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Обратите внимание на выражения, после которых тоже употребляется герундий:
It is (of) no use;
It is useless;
It is no good.
Например: It’s no use crying.
Плакать не имеет смысла.
7.1.14Переведите предложения, используя герундий.
1.С ней сейчас разговаривать бесполезно.
2.Не было смысла приходить сюда так рано.
3.Слезы тебе не помогут.
4.Думать сейчас об этом не стоит.
5.Разговорами делу не поможешь.
6.Нет смысла искать дорогу в темноте.
7.1.15Раскройте скобки, употребив герундий или инфинитив.
1.David gave up (to smoke) two years ago and now he fells much better.
2.I don’t want (to play) the piano just now.
3.I had some problems with the translation and my brother offered (to help) me.
4.I enjoy (to help) my friends.
5.“The Titanic” is a very interesting film. It is worth (to see).
6.My mother promised (to cook) a lot of tasty things for my birthday.
7.She likes (to cook) for our family.
8.My uncle is fond of (to travel). He has been to many countries.
9.I would like (to have) a snack.
10.My friend denied (to see) me at the railway station.
Обратите внимание на глаголы, которые могут употребляться как с инфинитивом, так и с герундием, при этом меняя свое значение:
to forget to do smth to forget doing smth
to remember to do smth to remember doing smth
to go on to do smth to go on doing smth
-забыть сделать что-то
-забыть о прошлом событии
-помнить, что нужно это сделать
-помнить о прошлом событии
-закончить одно дело и начать делать другое
-продолжать делать
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