АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК УЧЕБНИК 2 КУРС_макет

15.A woman joined the queue behind me.

16.He never acknowledges his mistakes.

17.Further information will be sent to you in due course.

18.He felt as though the other children were excluding him.

19.Climbers are brave people and Robert is no exception.

20.The country faces restrictions on the use of water.

4.1.17.Переведите словосочетания на английский язык:

Напряжённость между молодыми и пожилыми; ослабить напряжение, снять напряжение; нервное напряжение; напряжённо работать; стоять в очереди; встать в очередь; встать в очередь за пожилым мужчиной; сделать мне исключение; все без исключения; за исключением управляющих; без всяких исключений; быть нетерпеливым с людьми; испытывать нетерпение, чтобы поехать к морю; в своё время; общество изобилия; строительное общество; дружелюбное общество; гражданское общество; очевидно для них; очевидно для руководства; очевидные причины; снять чайник с огня; снять жакет и повесить его; ограничения по скорости; накладывать ограничения на импорт; наградить служащего ценным подарком.

4.1.18. Прочитайте текст и скажите, почему так мало молодёжи во властных структурах.

Reward According To Age And Experience

Young men and women today are finding it more and more necessary to protest against what is known as the 'Establishment': that is, the people who wield power in our society. Clashes with the authorities are reported almost daily in the press. The tension that exists between old and young 5 could certainly be lessened if some of the most obvious causes were removed. In particular, the Establishment should adopt different attitudes to work and the rewards it brings. Today's young people are ambitious. Many are equipped with fine educations and are understandably impatient to succeed as quickly as possible. They want to be able to have their share of the good things in life while they are still young enough to enjoy them. The Establishment, however, has traditionally believed that people should be rewarded according to their age and experience. Ability counts for less. As the Establishment controls the purse-strings, its views are inevitably imposed on society. Employers pay the smallest sum consistent with keeping you in a job. You join the hierarchy and take your place in the queue. If you are young, you go to the very end of the queue and stay there no matter how brilliant you are. What you know is much less important than whom you know and how old you are. If you are able, your abilities will be acknowledged and rewarded in due course - that is, after twenty or thirty years have passed. By that time you will be considered old enough to join the Establishment and you will be expected to adopt its ideals. God help you if you don't.

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There seems to be a gigantic conspiracy against young people. While on the one hand society provides them with better educational facilities, on the other it does its best to exclude them from the jobs that really matter. There are exceptions, of course. Some young people do manage to break through the barrier despite the restrictions, but the great majority have to wait patiently for years before they can really give full rein to their abilities. This means that, in most fields, the views of young people are never heard because there is no one to represent them. All important decisions about how society is to be run are made by people who are too old to remember what it was like to be young. President Kennedy was one of the notable exceptions. One of the most tragic aspects of his assassination is that mankind was deprived of a youthful leader.

Resentment is the cause of a great deal of bitterness. The young resent the old because they feel deprived of the good things life has to offer. The old resent the young because they are afraid of losing what they have. A man of fifty or so might say, 'Why should a young rascal straight out of school earn more than I do?' But if the young rascal is more able, more determined, harder-working than his middle-aged critic, why shouldn't he? Employers should recognise ability and reward it justly. This would remove one of the biggest causes of friction between old and young and ultimately it would lead to a better society.

4.1.19.Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык:

More necessary; almost daily; the tension between old and young; could be lessened; obvious causes; adopt different attitudes; to be impatient to succeed; to have the share of the good things; be rewarded according to the age and experience; take your place in the queue; abilities will be acknowledged; provide with better educational facilities; to break through the barrier; despite the restrictions; give full rein; to reward justly; better society.

4.1.20.Переведите слова и словосочетания на английский язык:

Необходимо протестовать; почти ежедневно; напряжённость, которая существует; самые очевидные причины; в особенности; не терпится преуспеть; так быстро, как только возможно; возраст и опыт; занять место в очереди; гораздо менее важно; будут признаны и вознаграждены; с одной стороны; рабочие места, которые действительно что-то значат; прорваться через преграды; подавляющее большинство; терпеливо ждать; в большинстве областей; лишённый хороших вещей.

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4.1.21. Найдите в тексте предложения с данными словосочетаниями:

Adopt different attitudes; understandably impatient; counts for less; join the hierarchy; much less important; in due course; better educational facilities; despite the restrictions; notable exceptions; feel deprived.

4.1.22.Объясните по-английски значения данных слов и выражений:

To lessen the tension; to be ambitious; experience; jobs that really matter; give full rein to the abilities; friction between old and young; different attitudes; to control the purse-strings; conspiracy; adopt ideas.

4.1.23.Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами:

А) to receive – to accept – to adopt

1.They offered her a job and she …… without hesitation.

2.He decided to …… a more radical approach to the problem.

3.She …… a camera as a birthday present.

4.Our clients will never …… this proposal.

5.A couple is hoping to …… a baby girl.

6.We have not …… your letter.

7.They found it hard to …… defeat.

8.What time can patients …… visitors? Б) to consider – to regard – to suppose

1.He is …… buying a used car.

2.There was a god reason to …… that she had left the country.

3.She was accompanied by a man who was …… to be her husband.

4.Nuclear reactors are …… to be dangerous

5.It is an important factor to …… when you are choosing a profession.

6.I …… I had better get back to work.

7.He is a highly ….. young violinist.

8.He is …… whether to accept another job offer.

4.1.24.Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо:

1.Some …. the most obvious causes were removed.

2.Many young people are equipped ….fine educations.

3.They should be rewarded according ….their age and experience.

4.These views are inevitably imposed ….society.

5.Employers pay the smallest sum ….money consistent ….keeping you …a job.

6.You take your place …a queue.

7.….that time you will be considered old enough to join the Establishment.

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8.….the one hand society provides them ….better educational facilities; …the other it does its best to exclude them ….jobs that really matter.

9.The great majority have to wait patiently ….years before they can really give full rein ….their abilities.

10.All important decisions ….how society is to be run are made ….old people.

11.Mankind was deprived …a youthful leader.

12.They are afraid ….losing what they have.

4.1.25.Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам:

1.Young people are finding it necessary to protest against the Establishment.

2.Clashes with the authorities are reported almost daily.

3.The tension exists between old and young.

4.Young people are impatient to succeed as quickly as possible.

5.The employers pay the smallest sum.

6.You go to the very end of the queue.

7.Your abilities will be acknowledged in due course,

8.They have excluded them from the jobs that really matter.

9.All important decisions are made by people who are really old.

10.Employers should reward ability justly

4.1.26. Задайте альтернативный и разделительный вопросы к следующим предложениям:

1.It is known as the “Establishment”.

2.The tension could be lessened.

3.The most obvious causes were removed.

4.They are still young enough to join the establishment.

5.They have been rewarded for their abilities.

6.They went to the very end of the queue.

7.You will be expected to adopt these ideals.

8.They managed to break through the barrier.

9.There is no one to represent them.

10.It would lead to a better society.

4.1.27. Прочитайте данные высказывания и укажите, какие из них соответствуют тексту:

1.It is the Establishment that has got the power in our society.

2.It’s impossible to lessen the tension between young and old.

3.Today’s young people are impatient to succeed quickly.

4.The Establishment has traditionally believed that people should be paid according to their abilities.

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5.The Establishment regards age and experience less important than abilities.

6.Young people usually take their place in the hierarchy.

7.If young people are brilliant they take their place in the Establishment without waiting.

8.If a young person is able he is acknowledged and rewarded immediately.

9.Modern society provides young people with better educational facilities.

10.Some young people managed to break through the barrier.

11.The young resent the old because they are afraid of losing what they have.

12.If the young were rewarded according to their abilities it would remove the biggest friction between old and young.

4.1.28.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.What are young people finding necessary to do?

2.How is the Establishment defined?

3.Where is the information on clashes with the authorities published?

4.How could the tension between young and old be lessened?

5.What attitudes should the Establishment adopt?

6.What are young people impatient to do?

7.How much do employers pay?

8.Where do the young stay if they want to join the Establishment?

9.How much time will it take the young to be admitted to the Establishment?

10.Are they excluded from the jobs that really matter because of their poor education?

11.Why are the views of young people never heard in many fields?

12.Who usually makes major decisions?

13.When was mankind deprived of a youthful leader?

14.Why do the young resent the old and the old resent the young?

4.1.29. Закончите предложения в соответствие с содержанием текста:

1.Young people today protest …..

2.The tension between young and old could be lessened if …..

3.The Establishment should change ….

4.Young people want to have their share …..

5.The Establishment believes that people should be rewarded ….

6.The views of the Establishment are imposed on society because …..

7.You join the hierarchy and …..

8.You go to the very end of the queue and …..

9.What you know is less important than …..

10.Your abilities will be rewarded …..

11.When you are considered old enough to join …..

12.The society provides young people with good education but …..

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13.The great majority wait patiently …..

14.The views of young people are never heard because …..

15.All important decisions are made by …..

16.Employers should recognise ….

4.1.30.Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1.В прессе сообщается о столкновениях каждую неделю.

2.Напряжённые отношения между ними усиливаются.

3.Эти причины кажутся мне очевидными.

4.Людей следует вознаграждать за усердную работу.

5.Многие молодые люди стремятся продвинуться.

6.Эта работа требует большого опыта.

7.Они, конечно, хотят иметь свою долю в этом деле.

8.Он наполнил корзину и встал в очередь, чтобы заплатить за покупки.

9.Давай уйдём! Очень скучно стоять в очереди.

10.Ваш упорный труд будет вознаграждён в своё время. 11.Это гораздо менее важно, чем ты считаешь.

12.Мы ожидаем, что правительство примет этот закон.

13.Ему удалось преуспеть в этом деле, несмотря на все ограничения. 14.Они были вынуждены принять это решение.

15.Они боялись потерять то, что имели. 16.Он, к сожалению, лишён чувства юмора.

4.1.31.Сформулируйте главную мысль каждого абзаца.

4.1.32.Составьте аннотацию текста.

4.1.33.Перескажите текст по ключевым словам:

The Establishment; ambitious; to be rewarded; the very end of the queue; exclude; the jobs that really matter; full rein to their abilities; resent; feel deprived; justly; a better society.

4.1.34. Прочитайте диалог. Выучите и разыграйте диалог в паре со своим сокурсником.

A:Well, if it isn’t Nick!

B:Alex! It’s nice to see you again!

A:You know Nick I’ve been meaning to call you for a long time.

B:Me, too. How have you been?

A:Fine. How about yourself?

B:Pretty good.

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A:Tell me Nick. The last time I saw you, you were planning to apply for a new job?

B:Yes, I guess I was. But as it turned out, I changed my mind.

A:Oh, really? But if I remember correctly, you were intent on going to work for a large company. Whatever made you change your mind?

B:Well, it’s a long story, and I don’t want to bore you with all the details.

A:What has happened?

B:It turned out not to be a good idea.

A:Why? Big companies are very reliable.

B:You are quite right. But they require their applicants to have much experience of working as top managers. As you know I graduated from the institute three years ago.

A:What a pity!

B:And how about you? The last time we talked didn’t you tell me you were going to open your own real estate business?

A:That’s right, I was. But things turned out differently.

B:But you seemed so determined to do that. What happened?

A:Well, it’s so complicated, and I am sure you don’t want to know all the details. But as it turned out I decided that opening my own real estate company just wasn’t for me. So I decided to stay at my old job instead.

B:Well, a lot sure has happened since we last saw each other.

A:I’ll say! You know we should try to stay in touch.

B:Yes, we should. Let’s have lunch together sometime soon.

A:Good idea.

B:Take care now.

A:You too.

4.1.35.Прокомментируйте следующие высказывания:

1.It is not possible for civilization to flow backward while there is youth in the world.

2.Keep truth to the dreams of the youth.

3.Age is a matter of feeling not years.

4.A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.

5.Respect should be earned by action and not acquired by years.

6.The tallest trees are most in the power of the winds and ambitious men of the blasts of fortune.

4.1.36. Опишите ситуации, выводом из которых были бы высказывания из предыдущего упражнения.

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Раздел 4.2.

4.2.1. Отработайте произношение слов, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю:

enlighten		v		просвещать
average		a		средний
hostile	a			враждебный, неприятельский
species		n		вид, род, разновидность
light-hearted			a	весёлый, беззаботный
apparent		a		явный, очевидный, кажущийся
conceal		v		скрывать
contempt		n		презрение, неуважение
sneer	v			усмешка, насмешка
minor	a			меньший, незначительный, минорный
quibble		n		игра слов, увёртка
addition		n		прибавление, дополнение
bear (bore, borne) v				носить, поддерживать
rear	v			поднимать, воспитывать, выращивать
guard	v			охранять, сторожить, караулить
otherwise		conj		иначе, в противном случае, в других отношениях
preposterous			a	нелепый, абсурдный
familiar		a		хорошо известный, обычный, близкий
cling	v			цепляться, прилипать
supremacy			n	верховенство, верховная власть
inferiority		n		низшая степень, худшее качество
shun	v			избегать, остерегаться

4.2.2. Прочитайте текст и скажите, как в среднем в обществе мужчины оценивают женщин:

Women In Society

This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn't think so if you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman. Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the 5 world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate 1o citizens. To hear some men talk, you'd think that women belonged to a different species!

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On the surface, the comments made by men about women's abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness does not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. Let's consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.

Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women can't do. Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called 'rights'. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women haven't even been given the vote. This situation is preposterous! The arguments that men put forward to exclude women from these fields are all too familiar. Women, they say, are unreliable and irrational. They depend too little on cool reasoning and too much on intuition and instinct to arrive at decisions. They are not even capable of thinking clearly. Yet when women prove their abilities, men refuse to acknowledge them and give them their due. So much for a man's ability to think clearly!

The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations, You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, where men have failed for centuries, Some things are too important to be left to men!

4.2.3. Прочитайте следующие высказывания. Исправьте неверные высказывания в соответствие с содержанием текста.

1.Women have just won their independence.

2.Women enjoy the same educational opportunities in most countries.

3.They proved to be always superior to men in most fields.

4.Men stopped to carry on the sex war.

5.Their attitude remains basically friendly.

6.Women are considered to be the first-rate citizens in most countries.

7.They are regarded as belonging to a different species.

8.The men’s jokes about women show their respect to them.

9.Women cause more accidents than men.

10.Women drive much more carefully.

11.Women have succeeded in many jobs.

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12.Men continue to prove that women can do all the jobs.

13.Men say that women depend on intuition not on cool reasoning. 14.Men are afraid of real competition.

			4.2.4. Заполните пропуски следующими словами:
				supremacy		responsible	recognition		achieve
			to be equal		shame	independence		unreliable	succeeded
	jealously				to acknowledge		claims	opportunities		better
1. Women won their …… years ago.
2.		They have got the same ….. to study as men have.
3.		In almost every field women have proved to …… and often superior to men.
4.		The battle for …… is by no means over.
5.		The men’s claims to superiority are not proved by statistics.
6.		The women are …… to drive like maniacs.
7.		Women have ….. almost in every job.
8.		They often put men to …….
9.		Men …… guard their “superiority”.
10.			They believe that women are …… and irrational.
11.			On the average women have got ….. intuition than men.
12.			Men refuse …… women’s abilities.
13.			It is true that men cling to their ….. because of their inferiority complex.
14.			The main task is to …… peace throughout the world.
			4.2.5.	Прокомментируйте следующие высказывания:

1.No man should think himself a zero and think he can do nothing about the state of the world.

2.If it keeps up man will atrophy all his limbs but the push-button finger.

3.The test of a man or woman’s breeding is how they behave in a quarrel.

4.Being a woman is a terribly difficult task since it consists principally in dealing with men.

5.On one issue at least men and women agree - they both distrust women.

6.The way to fight a woman is with your hat. Grab it and run.

4.2.6.Назовите несколько профессиональных занятий, которыми занимаются только мужчины.

4.2.7.Напишите 5-7 вопросов по содержанию текста и задайте их своим сокурсникам.

4.2.8.Сформулируйте основную мысль каждого абзаца.

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