АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК УЧЕБНИК 2 КУРС_макет

5.How is money paid for services called?

6.What is a mortgage?

8.1.16Соотнесите слова с их определениями:

credit card	- money paid for a trip
sales tax	- money paid for education
mortgage	- money paid for services
tuition	- a bank loan to purchase a house or property
fee	- an account that is used mainly for keeping money
	in a bank
fare	- a percentage of the price of goods and services,
	added to a total cost
savings account	- you make purchases with it

8.1.17Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова в пропуски (3 слова лишние):

Tour, insurance, replacement, loss, certain, valid, honesty, available, expenses, journey, assistance, valuable, activities, safest.

Traveller’s Cheques

If you are planning a holiday, remember the … way to carry money is to take traveller’s cheques. If you lose them or they are stolen, … cheques are provided by the bank. Such cheques are … all over the world. Take traveller’s cheques and you can be … you will be left without funds. Sterling or dollar cheques are … at most banks. You should be prepared for the worst: take out … to cover any … of luggage, travel delays and medical … . Not all insurance policies cover injuries caused by sporting … , so check your policy. Some companies have a helping to provide … and advice, which could be very … .

8.1.18Отработайте произношение слов, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю:

рrospect n	перспектива, панорама, обозрение
prospects (мн. ч.) n	виды, планы на будущее
to prospect v	исследовать, делать изыскания
to lend v	одалживать, давать взаймы
to lend long	давать долгосрочную ссуду под проценты
appliance n	аппарат, прибор
electric appliances	бытовые приборы
to pay off	выплатить
fable n	басня, сказка, миф
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acquisitive adj	жадный, стяжательский
possessions (мн.ч.)	собственность, имущество
label n	ярлык, этикетка
to label v	прикреплять, навешивать ярлык
to earn a living	заработать на жизнь
measure n	мера, единица измерения
to measure v	измерять, снимать мерку
to keep up with	угнаться
to be bound	быть обязанным
struggle n	борьба
to struggle v	бороться, делать усилия, стараться изо всех сил
frantically adv	безумно, неистово, яростно
to provide v	предоставить, снабжать
to provide for	обеспечивать средствами к существованию
rate of interest	процентная ставка
insurance n	страхование
affluent society	общество изобилия
to obsess with v	завладеть, преследовать, мучит (о навязчивой идее)
consumer goods	потребительские товары
desirable adj	желанный, желательный
to last v	длиться, продолжаться
wheel n	колесо
obsolescence n	неупотребительность, устарелость
built-in obsolescence	преднамеренное (плановое) устаревание товара,
	стимулирующее потребителя совершить повторную
	покупку
discarded adj	бракованный
to acquire v	покупать, приобретать, обзаводиться
outlook n	точка зрения, мировоззрение
for its own sake	ради самого себя
wage packet	заработная плата
demand (for) n	спрос
to exceed v	превышать, превосходить
supply n	предложение, снабжение, поставка
to tempt v	искушать, привлекать
fringe benefits	дополнительные льготы, бонусы
brain drain	«утечка мозгов», массовая миграция образованных
	людей
the highest bidder	лицо, предложившее наивысшую цену
to deprive of v	отбирать, отнимать, лишать
mammon n	богатство, деньги
to worship v	поклоняться, почитать, боготворить
freedom of worship	свобода вероисповедания
to borrow v	брать взаймы
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8.1.19 Переведите данные словосочетания на русский язык:

Jobs with good prospects, to pay off a debt, to pay of a mortgage, to pay of a loan, brand label, to keep up with the Joneses, a struggle against poverty, a struggle to death, class struggle, to struggle bravely, to struggle for freedom, to provide smb. with goods, to provide housing for, life insurance, property insurance, affluent society, to be obsessed with the idea, consumer goods, a desirable thing, to last forever, to acquire friends, to acquire goods, materialistic outlook, wage packet, to create a demand, to satisfy a demand, to exceed the supply, supply and demand, fringe benefits, brain drain, the highest bidder, to worship smb. as a god.

8.1.20 Переведите данные словосочетания на английский язык:

Предоставить долгосрочную ссуду, планы на будущее, расплатиться с долгом, выкупить закладную, погасить ссуду, ярлык производителя, счастье нельзя мерить богатством, смертельная борьба, классовая борьба, снабжать товарами, предоставить жилплощадь, процентная ставка, страхование жизни, страховая компания, общество изобилия, товары народного потребления, длиться вечно, приобрести друзей, заработная плата, создать спрос, удовлетворить спрос, спрос и предложение, превысить предложение, льготы, утечка мозгов, свобода вероисповедания.

8.1.21Прочитайте и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1.He was careful about his personal prospects.

2.She lent the money to him.

3.The new leader was quickly labeled as hot-tempered.

4.It’s hard to measure the importance of good manners.

5.Wealth is not the measure of happiness.

6.My friend was frantically in love.

7.The writer was obsessed with thoughts of leaving the country.

8.After the war there were shortages of food and consumer goods.

9.There is a great demand for home computers.

10.Prices change according to demand and supply.

8.1.22 Прочитайте текст и скажите, почему автор утверждает, что пока деньги будут править миром, богатые будут богатеть, а бедные беднеть.

The only thing people are interested in today is earning more money

Once upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man. They were very poor, but as they were deeply on love, they wanted to get married. The young people’s parents shook their heads. “You can’t get married

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yet,” they said. “Wait till you get a good job with good prospects.” So the young people waited till they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married. They were still poor, of course. They didn’t have a house to live in or any furniture, but that didn’t matter. The young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, all electric appliances and a car. The couple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lives. And so ends another modern romantic fable.

We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earliest years to be acquisitive. Our possessions, “mine” and “yours” are clearly labelled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it doesn’t surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. We spend the whole of our lives keeping up with our neighbours, the Joneses. If we buy a new television set, Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars!: one for his wife and one for himself. The most amusing thing about this game is that the Joneses and all the neighbours who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks or insurance companies.

It is not only in affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept turning. “Built-in obsolescence” provides the means: goods are made to be discarded. Cars get tinnier and tinnier. You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you are thinking about its replacement.

This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere: i.e. to a bigger wage packet. The demand for skilled personnel far exceeds before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits” are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the “brain drain”, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder. The wealthier nation deprives their poorer neighbours of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.

8.1.23 Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык:

To be deeply in love, to get a good job with good prospects, the latest electric appliances, the couple, to pay off debts, for the rest of their lives, materialistic society, to be acquisitive, our possessions, to be labeled from early childhood, to earn a living, success is measured in terms of the money, to keep up with our neighbours, borrowed money, a suitable rate of interest, affluent society, to be obsessed with an idea, consumer goods, to create new markets, the wheels of

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industry, materialistic outlook, to acquire knowledge for its own sake, wagw packet, skilled personnel, to offer one’s services to the highest bidder, a wealthy nation.

8.1.24 Переведите слова и словосочетания на английский язык:

Получить работу с хорошими перспективами, супружеская пара, выплачивать долг, свое имущество, с раннего детства, зарабатывать на жизнь, процентная ставка, общество изобилия, потребительские товары, материалистический взгляд на жизнь, зарплата, обученный персонал, нанимать студентов, всю оставшуюся жизнь, богатое общество; предлагать свои услуги тому, кто больше платит; жадный, создавать новые рынки.

8.1.25 Прочитайте текст еще раз, найдите в тексте предложения с данными словосочетаниями:

A good job with good prospects, to lend money, paying off debts, to be acquisitive, to earn a living, to be measured in terms of the money, to be bound to buy, to keep up with them, at a suitable rate of interest, the wheels of industry, to acquire knowledge, fringe benefits, brain drain, the highest bidder.

8.1.26 Объясните по-английски значение данных слов и выражений:

А job with good prospects, to earn a living, success, neighbours, to struggle frantically, a suitable rate of interest, an affluent society, people are obsessed with the idea, consumer goods, to acquire knowledge, fringe benefits, brain drain, the highest bidder, Mammon.

8.1.27 Заполните пропуски соответствующими предлогами:

1.They were deeply … love.

2.“Wait till you get a job … good prospects”, parents said.

3.They didn’t have a house to live … .

4.The couple lived happily ever after paying … debts … the rest … their lives.

5.We live … a materialistic society.

6.Success is measured … terms … the money you earn.

7.We spend our lives keeping … … our neighbours, the Joneses.

8.The people are obsessed … the idea … making more money.

9.The wheels … industry must be kept turning.

10.Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only … its own sake.

11.The demand … skilled personnel far exceeds the supply. 12.Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits” are offered … them.

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8.1.28 Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам:

1.They were deeply in love and wanted to get married.

2.The young man had a good job with good prospects.

3.Large organizations lent him the money to buy a house.

4.The couple lived happily ever after.

5.We live in materialistic society.

6.We spend the whole of our lives keeping up with our neighbours, the Joneses.

7.People are obsessed with the idea of making more money.

8.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education.

9.Big companies compete with each other to recruit students.

10.Tempting salaries and fringe benefits are offered to them. 11.This recruiting tactics have led to the brain drain.

12. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbours of their most able citizens.

8.1.29Задайте разделительный и альтернативный вопросы к следующим предложениям:

1.They were very poor.

2.They wanted to get married.

3.They waited until they found good jobs with good prospects.

4.Large organizations lent them money.

5.We are trained from our earliest years to be acquisitive.

6.The Joneses are struggling frantically to keep up with their neighbours.

7.Consumer goods are desirable everywhere.

8.Modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets.

9.The wheels of industry must be kept turning.

10.Cars get tinnier and tinnier.

11.Highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder. 12.“Fringe benefits” are offered to them.

8.1.30 Прочитайте данные высказывания и укажите, какие из них не соответствуют тексту. Подтвердите свои высказывания фактами из текста:

1.We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our early years to be generous.

2.Our possessions are clearly labeled from our adulthood.

3.It doesn’t surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of our abilities.

4.If we buy a new television set, the Joneses are very glad.

5.The saddest thing about this game is that the Joneses are struggling frantically to keep up with their neighbours.

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6.They spend borrowed money kindly provided at a high rate of interest by friendly banks.

7.Only in affluent society people are obsessed with the idea of making more money.

8.The wheels of industry must be kept turning.

9.“Built-in obsolescence” provides the means: goods are made to last forever.

10.This materialistic outlook has slightly influenced education.

11.The demand for skilled personnel is less than the supply.

12.“Brain drain” is the process by which low skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder.

8.1.31Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.Why didn’t young people’s parents let them get married?

2.What did large organizations do to help a young couple to buy a house?

3.How long did the couple pay off their debts?

4.What are we trained from our earliest years?

5.What do we discover when we grow old enough to earn a living?

6.How do we spend our lives?

7.What kind of money do we spend keeping up with our neighbours?

8.What idea are people obsessed with not only in affluent societies?

9.Why does modern industry deliberately set out to create new markets?

10.What has this materialistic outlook seriously influenced?

11.What do big companies do to recruit students?

12.What have recruiting tactics of this kind led to?

8.1.32Закончите предложения в соответствие с содержанием текста:

1.The young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him … .

2.The couple lived happily aver after … .

3.We live in a materialistic society and are trained … .

4.When we grow old enough to earn a living, we discover that … .

5.We spend the whole of our lives … .

6.We spend borrowed money kindly provided … .

7.It’s not only in affluent societies that people are obsessed … .

8.Gone are the days when … .

9.Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire … .

10.Big companies compete with each other … . 11.Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to … . 12.While Mammon is worshiped … .

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8.1.33Сформулируйте главную мысль каждого абзаца.

8.1.34Составьте аннотацию текста.

8.1.35Перескажите текст по ключевым словам:

A good job with good prospects, to lend the money, to pay off debts, materialistic society, to earn a living, in terms of the money you earn, to keep up with the neighbours, to spend borrowed money, to be obsessed with the idea, to influence education, brain drain, to worship a Mammon.

8.1.36Прокомментируйте пословицы Time is money, Ideas are food. Согласны ли вы с этими высказываниями?

1.E-mail is great because it saves time.

2.Don’t rush decision-making. Always take time to chew things over.

3.Everybody should spend at least one year living in a foreign country.

4.Going to the gym is a huge waste of time.

5.The difficulty with exams is that you always run out of time.

6.Always think things through carefully. Half-baked ideas are no good to anyone.

7.It’s best to read serious books. They give you food for thought.

8.As people get older, they tend to use their time more profitably.

8.1.37Прочитайте диалог, вставьте пропущенные слова так, чтобы получились выражения, близкие по значению пословицам Time is

money, Ideas are food.

,

Spend, half-baked, spare, profitably, food, running out, chewing, wasting, digest, valuable, worth.

Martha: Morning!

Dad:	You’re in a good mood today. Any particular reason?
Martha: Yes, there is actually.
Dad:	What – in love again?
Martha: No – I’ve decided to become a millionaire.
Dad:	You’ve decided to become a millionaire, I see. And how exactly do you
	propose to do that?
Martha: Well, if you can … a couple of minutes, I’ll tell you.
Dad:	Martha, you know how … my time is.
Martha: Oh, Dad, I promise you it will be … your while.
Dad:	OK, but just five minutes or else I’ll be late for work.
Martha: Right. I’ve got this idea for a website.
Dad:	Oh come on, you’re … your time if you think you can make money out
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	of the Internet. All the best ideas have been used up. You should be using
	your time more … getting a proper job.
Martha: All right, all right. Look. I promise you it’s not some … idea. It’s
	something I’ve been … over for the last few weeks. Please just have a
	look at these plans, then tell me what you think.
Dad:	Hm, hm, yes, interesting. There’s certainly … for thought here. How
	are you going to find the money to do it?
Martha: Ah, well, um, I was rather hoping you might help me. Will you?
Dad:	Well, I can’t tell you until I’ve had time to … all this information. But

you’ve certainly got a good idea. It’s very original.

Martha:	But we’re … of time. If we don’t do it very soon, somebody else will.
Dad:	Yes, you could be right. Look, I’ve got to go now, but as soon as I get
	back from work I’ll … the rest of the evening looking at it. Have you
	told anybody else your idea?
Martha:	No, not yet.
Dad:	Well, don’t. I think you’ve really got something here.

8.1.38Прокомментируйте следующие высказывания:

1.The love of money is the root of all evil.

2.There are a lot of things money won’t buy.

3.Never spend your money before you have it.

4.A fool and his money are soon parted.

5.Money spent on the brain, never spent in vain.

8.1.39Опишите ситуацию или разыграйте диалог с сокурсником, используя поговорки или высказывания из предыдущего упражнения.

Раздел 8.2

8.2.1 Отработайте произношение слов, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю:

advertiser n	рекламодатель
advertisement n	объявление, реклама
to tend to v	иметь тенденцию, склоняться
to resent v	негодовать
flair n	нюх, чутье, способность
iniquitous adj	крайне несправедливый, чудовищный
to absorb v	впитывать, поглощать
to reduce v	уменьшать, сокращать
profit n	выгода, польза
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consumer n	потребитель
precisely adv	точно, именно
purpose n	цель
equally adv	в равной степени
a great deal of	много
to derive from v	выводить
existence n	существование
to obtain v	получать, приобретать
to pretend v	притворяться, делать вид
to be doubted v	вызвать сомнение
blank adj	пустой, чистый
cheerful adj	радостный, веселый
witty adj	остроумный
drab adj	темный, мрачный
ration n	порция, доза
calamity n	беда, несчастье, бедствие
contribution n	вклад
to subsist v	существовать
revenue n	доход, выручка
entirely adv	полностью
virtually adv	фактически, в сущности
tremendously adv	очень, крайне
to accomplish v	совершать, выполнить
to announce v	объявить
“hatch, match and dispatch”	“рождения, браки, смерти”
item n	статья
“agony” column	газетное объявление о розыске пропавших
	родных и т.д.

8.2.2 Прочитайте текст и скажите для чего нужна реклама.

Advertisers perform a useful service to the community

Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for selfpromotion and because they have so much money to throw around. “It’s iniquitous,” they say, “that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…”

The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It’s precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household

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