Text a The Teeth in the Domesticated Animals

The teeth differ markedly in the various species of domesticated animals due to anatomical peculiarities and the nature of the food.

The horse has six upper and six lower incisor teeth and twelve lower molar teeth. The temporary and permanent incisors have regular periods of eruption so that the animal’s age up to eight years may be determined by the expert. The milk teeth appear in order and they are replaced by permanent teeth. At four and one half or five years of age the horse has all of its permanent incisors.

Cattle, sheep and goats have only eight incisors and all are placed in the lower jaw. The upper jaw has no incisors. Age may be determined up to five years or up to the completion of eruption of the permanent incisors.

The dog has forty-two teeth – twelve molars are fixed in the upper and fourteen in the lower arcade.

The cat has thirty teeth – twelve incisors, four canines and fourteen molars, eight of the latter are in the upper jaw and six in the lower.

upper – верхний

lower – нижний

incisor – резец

arcade – аркада

molar – коренной

canine – клык

temporary – временный

permanent – постоянный

Vocabulary List

Verbs

to improve

to replace

to result in

to result from

to weight

Adjectives

initial

lattery

Preposition

due to

Nouns

anorexia

appearance

diarrhoea

examination

jaw

loss

peculiarity

respiration

sign

specimen

tooth (teeth)

vomiting

Ex. 19. Answer the following questions on Text A in English.

1. How many teeth has a pig? (44)

2. How many teeth has a horse? (36)

3. How many teeth has a sheep? (32)

4. How many teeth has a cow? (32)

5. How many teeth has a dog? (42)

6. How many teeth has a cat? (30)

7. How many incisors has a horse? (12)

8. How many incisors has a sheep? (8)

9. How many molars has a dog? (26)

10. How many canines has a dog? (4)

11. How many incisors has a dog? (12)

12. How many incisors has a cow? (8)

13. Has a cow any canines?

Ex. 20. Tell about the teeth in various animals in English.

Ex. 21. Translate from English into Russian.

1. The teeth differ in various domesticated animals.

2. The horse has six upper and six lower incisors.

3. The milk teeth are replaced by the permanent ones.

4. The upper jaw in cattle, sheep, and goats has no incisors.

5. Cattle, sheep, goats have only eight incisors and all are in the lower jaw.

6. The dog has forty-two teeth – twelve incisors, four canines and twenty-six molars.

7. Twelve molars are fixed in the upper and fourteen in the lower arcade.

8. The cat has thirty teeth – twelve incisors, four canines and fourteen molars.

9. Eight molars are in the upper jaw and six in the lower one.

Text b

In July, 2011 a 10-month-old dog weighing 45 lb (20.25 kg) was presented with the signs of lethargy and anorexia. Four weeks previously the dog had episodes of vomiting and diarrhoea that had resulted in a loss of 15 lb (6.75 kg).

At the initial examination the dog’s temperature was 101.8 F (38.8 C), the pulse was 48/min and respirations were 15/min.

Blood and serum specimens were taken for analyses.

The diagnosis was hypoadrenal corticism. After three days of therapy the dos’s clinical appearance was improved.

Ex. 22. Answer the following questions on Text B in English.

1. When was the dog presented to the clinic?

2. What was his weight?

3. What had the dog had before he was taken to the clinic?

4. What was the dog’s temperature?

5. What was the pulse rate?

6. What were the respirations?

7. What specimens were taken for analyses?

8. What was the diagnosis?

9. When was the dog’s appearance improved?

Ex. 23. Make up a dialogue between the vet and the owner of the dog.

Ex. 24. Retell Text B in English.

Ex. 25. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. The dog improved in appearance because it was treated.

2. Vomiting and diarrhea resulted in a loss of weight in a dog.

3. At the initial examination the dog’s temperature was high.

4. Man’s teeth differ greatly from the teeth of animals.

Ex. 26. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Зубы домашних животных существенно отличаются из-за анатомических особенностей и пищи.

2. У лошади 36 зубов, из них 6 верхних и 6 нижних резцов и 12 верхних и 12 нижних моляров.

3. Молочные зубы сменяются коренными как у животных, так и у людей.

4. Возраст лошади можно определить по зубам.

5. На верхней челюсти коровы нет резцов, все 8 резцов находятся на нижней челюсти.

6. Признаки заболеваний желудка – рвота и диарея.

7. Прежде чем поставить диагноз, нужно тщательно обследовать больного.

8. Данные анализов приводят к постановке правильного диагноза.