Unit 4 respiratory system

Ex. 1. Repeat the following words after the teacher:

respiratory, mucous, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchus, pulmonary, artery, vein, cartilage, fibro-elastic, aspiration, posterior, laryngotomy.

Ex. 2. Repeat the following words after the teacher, find Russian equivalents to these words:

to communicate, to recommend, to regulate, to act, cylindric, a nose, symmetric.

Ex. 3. Repeat the following sentences after the teacher, find Russian equivalents to the underlined words.

1. Lungs are a pair of organs in which exchange of gases between blood and air takes place.

а) желудок б) кости в) легкие

2. The blood is carried to the lungs by the artery.

a) переносится б) превращается в) переваривается

3. The organs of respiration consist of the nasal cavity, the larynx, the pharynx, the trachea, the bronchi and the lungs.

а) брюшная полость б) носовая полость в) полость рта

4. The larynx is a short tube.

а) стенка б) трубка в) перегородка

5. The larynx connects the pharynx with the trachea.

а) выполняет б) соединяет в) переносит

6. Air passes through the trachea tube.

а) над б) через в) под

7. A symptom is a clinical sign of a disease.

а) развитие б) признак в) наконец

8. Respiratory system consists of organs lined with mucous membrane.

а) роговая оболочка б) слизистая оболочка

9. Coughing is a symptom of respiratory disorders.

а) сыпь б) головокружение в) кашель

.Напоминаем, что во избежание повторения исчисляемого существительного используется неопределенное местоимение one, которое употребляется вместо ранее упомянутого существительного.

В этом случае местоимение one является словом-заместителем.

1. This dog is sick, that dog has already recovered.

This dog is sick, that one has already recovered.

2. This pencil is bad, give me another pencil, please.

This pencil is bad, give me another one, please.

.

Напоминаем, что слово-заместитель one или совсем не переводится, или переводится на русский язык при помощи ранее упомянутого существительного.

Например: This tube is longer than that one.

Эта трубка длиннее, чем та (трубка).

Ex.4.

1. Repeat the following sentences after the teacher. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The right bronchus is larger than the left one.

2. The adult animal recovered sooner than the young one.

3. The test animal looked weaker than the control one.

4. The right lobe looked larger than the left one.

5. The test animal was given better food than the control one.

6. Respiratory system resembles the digestive one.

1. Replace the pronoun “one” by the corresponding noun according to the model.

Model: The right bronchus is larger than the left one.

The right bronchus is larger than the left bronchus.

Ex. 5. Read the sentences. Make up the situation according to the model.

Model: I have read this book. (to give)

Give me another one.

1. I have translated the text. (to give)

2. This bag is too small. (to take)

3. This text is difficult. (to take)

4. I have seen this test animal. (to show)

Ex. 6. Complete the sentences. Use the necessary form of the pronoun “one”.

Напоминаем, что заменителем существительного во множественном числе является форма множественного числа местоимения “ones”.

Например:

1. This pencil is red, give me the blue one, please.

Этот карандаш красный, дайте мне, пожалуйста, синий.

2. These pencils are red, give me the blue ones, please.

Эти карандаши красные, дайте мне, пожалуйста, синие.

1. This text is difficult, translate another ... .

2. These texts are difficult, translate another ... .

3. Three test animals were too weak. The professor asked for the other ... .

4. This test animal is too weak. The professor asked for another ... .

Ex. 7. Mark the sentence in which the pronoun “one” should be used.

1. The adult animal recovered soon.

2. The young animal was given best food.

3. The adult animal recovered sooner than the young animal.

Ex. 8. Replace the noun by the pronoun “one” in the sentence 3 of ex. 7.

Ex. 9. Repeat the following sentences after the teacher.

Напоминаем, что указательное местоимение that (множественное число – those) так же как и местоимение “one” может заменять ранее упомянутое существительное.

Например:

1. My book is more interesting than Nick’s book.

My book is more interesting than that of Nick’s.

2. The picture in the first book is better than the picture in the second book.

The picture in the first book is better than that in the second book.

3. The laboratory of our institute is smaller than the laboratory in the clinic.

The laboratory of our institute is smaller than that in the clinic.

Ex. 10. Translate the sentences of ex. 9 into Russian.

Напоминаем, что подобно местоимению one местоимение that (those) как слово-заместитель либо заменяется существительным, либо вообще опускается при переводе.

Например:

My book is thinner than that of Nick’s.

Моя книга тоньше, чем (книга) Ника.

Ex. 11. Repeat the sentences after the teacher. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The larynx tube is shorter than that of the trachea.

2. The symptoms resemble those of heart disorder.

3. The clinical signs of the disease in young pigs were similar to those in adult animals.

4. The foreign bodies in the pig’s stomach were smaller than those in the horse’s stomach.

Ex. 12. Replace the underlined nouns by the corresponding form of the pronoun that (those).

Model:

The pulse of the first patient was weaker than the pulse of the second patient.

The pulse of the first patient was weaker than that of the second patient.

1. The temperature of the first dog was higher than the temperature of the second one.

2. The symptoms of the first case resemble the symptoms of the second one.

3. The foreign bodies in the pig’s stomach were smaller than the foreign bodies in the horse’s stomach.

Ex. 13. Repeat the following sentences after the teacher.

These animals were given water.

Some animals were given water.

These clinical signs are very important.

Some clinical signs are very important.

Ex. 14. Translate the sentences of exercise 13 into Russian.

Напоминаем, что перед исчисляемыми существительными во множественном числе местоимение some переводится на русский язык словами: некоторые, несколько.

Ex. 15. Repeat the following sentences after the teacher and translate them.

1. There are two new calves on the farm.

2. There are some new calves on the farm.

1. There are three animals in the clinic.

2. There are some animals in the clinic.

1. The student took two books from the table.

2. The student took some books from the table.

Ex. 16. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. Some student came to the class-room.

2. Give me some pencil, please.

3. Take some book from the shelf.

4. Give me some new magazine.

Напоминаем, что местоимение some перед исчисляемым существительным в единственном числе переводится на русский язык словами: какой-то, какой-нибудь.

Ex. 17. Repeat the following sentences after the teacher.

1. I give some water to the animal.

2. Nick drank some milk.

3. Put some bread on the plate.

4. Give me some coffee, please.

Ex. 18. Translate the sentences of exercise 17 into Russian.

Напоминаем, что местоимение some перед неисчисляемыми существительными (вода, снег, чернила) следует переводить на русский язык словами: немного, сколько-нибудь.

Ex. 19. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. Some organs of respiration were affected.

2. There were some sick animals on the farm.

3. Some students watched the operation.

4. I made some experiments yesterday.

5. He brought some books from the library.

6. Bring some water!

7. Ann took some butter from the plate.

8. Give me some paper!

Ex. 20. Complete the mini-dialogues according to the model. Remember that in question forms we use the pronoun “any” and in yes-answers we use the pronoun “some”.

Напоминаем, что в вопросительных предложениях употребляется форма any, а в вашем кратком утвердительном ответе следует употребить форму some.

Model Nr 1:

Are there any books on the table?

Yes, there are some.

1. Are there any books on the shelf?

2. Are there any animals in the clinic?

3. Are there any pencils in the box?

4. Are there any people in the laboratory?

5. Are there any students in the classroom?

Ex. 21 Complete the mini-dialogues according to the model.

Напоминаем, что отрицательное местоимение no отрицает существительное, стоящее после него. Артикль в этом случае не употребляется.

Model Nr 2:

Are there any books on the shelf?

There are no books on the shelf.