Органическая химия - Лекции - МГУ - Ненайденко - 2004 / Лекция 5 - Карбоновые кислоты и их производные - 3
.pdfO |
18OH |
O |
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Ph C |
OR |
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PhC + |
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OR |
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18OH |
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PhCOO + ROH
OR |
OH |
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Ph C |
OR |
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PhC + OH |
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18O |
18O |
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O |
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R C |
Ph |
pH7 |
RCOO + Ph3C |
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O |
C Ph |
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Ph |
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МЕДЛ. |
(CH |
) C + CF3COO |
H2O |
(CH3)3COH |
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CF3COOt-Bu |
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3 3 |
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БЫСТРО |
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C(CH3)3 |
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C(CH3)3 |
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O |
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(CH3)3C |
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O |
(CH3)3C |
C |
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C + CH3 OH |
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O |
CH3 |
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O- |
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C(CH3)3 |
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C(CH3)3 |
OH
Реакция переэтерификации
R O |
2 |
2 |
R |
O |
R1 |
R ONa; R OH |
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R2 + R1OH |
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+ R2OH |
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O |
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O |
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O |
NO2 |
CH3ONa |
R O |
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R |
+ CH3OH |
Me + O2N |
ONa |
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O |
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CH3OH |
O |
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Аммонолиз сложных эфиров
вода-спирт 25 |
O |
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O |
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CH3CHC |
+ CH3CH2OH |
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CH3CH COOCH2CH3 + NH3 |
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OH |
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OH |
NH2 |
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85% |
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вода-спирт 25O |
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CH2C |
O |
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N C CH2COOCH2CH3 + NH3 |
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N C |
+ CH3CH2OH |
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86-88% |
NH2 |
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O |
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O |
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O |
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O |
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R |
C |
OR1 |
RC OR1 |
RC |
1 |
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RC |
+ NH3 |
+ R OH |
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NH |
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NH3H |
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NH2 |
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1 |
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3 |
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OR |
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Восстановление сложных эфиров до спиртов
1) |
LiAlH4 |
;ЭФИР |
HO(CH2)6OH + CH3CH2OH |
H5C2OOC (CH2)4 COOC2H5 |
2) H3O |
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90% |
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NaBH4 + LiCl |
ЭТАНОЛ |
LiBH4 |
+ NaCl |
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ТГФ |
CH3(CH2)14CH2OH + CH3CH2OH |
CH3(CH2)14COOCH2CH3 + LiBH4 65% |
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95% |
O |
1) |
LiAlH4 |
;ЭФИР |
HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH |
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C O |
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2) |
H3O |
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83%
Восстановление сложных эфиров до альдегидов
1) ТОЛУОЛ; -60O
CH |
(CH |
) |
10 |
COOCH |
3 |
+ (C |
H |
) |
AlH |
CH3(CH2)10CHO |
3 |
2 |
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4 |
9 |
2 |
2) |
H3O; CH3OH |
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88% |
(CH ) |
CHCOOCH |
CH |
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1) |
ТОЛУОЛ; -78O |
(CH3)2CHCHO |
3 |
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3 2 |
2 |
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2) |
H3O; CH3OH |
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79% |
(CH3)3C COOCH3 |
LiAlH2 |
(OCH2CH2OCH3)2 |
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(CH3)3C CHO |
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ТОЛУОЛ; 0O- (-20O) |
81%
Получение третичных спиртов
CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 + 2CH3CH2CH2MgBr |
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CH |
CH |
C(CH CH CH |
) |
2 |
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ЭФИР |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
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OH |
70% |
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O |
ЭФИР |
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C6H5C OCH2CH3 + 2 C6H5MgBr |
(C6H5)3COH 96% |
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1)2CH3MgBr |
(CH3)3C CH2CH2CH2CH2OH |
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O |
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O |
2) H3O |
OH |
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72% |