Глаголы to be, to have

Наиболее распространенными глаголами английского языка являются глаголы to be и to have. Они употребляются как смысловые глаголы в значении «быть, находиться» и «иметь»; как вспомогательные, служащие для образования видо-временных форм глаголов; как модальные, выражающие планируемое действие в будущем (to be to) и необходимость совершения действия в силу определенных обстоятельств (to have to).

В отличие от других глаголов to be и to have имеют отдельные формы для 1-го и 3-го лица единственного и множественного числа.

Таблица 5

Глагол to be и to have в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем неопределенном времени
Лицо/ число	Present		Past		Future
I	am (΄m)	have	was	had	will(΄ll)be	will have
you	are (΄re)	have	were	had	will(΄ll)be	will have
he	is (΄s)	has	was	had	will(΄ll)be	will have
she	is (‘s)	has	was	had	will(΄ll)be	will have
it	is (‘s)	has	was	had	will(΄ll)be	will have
we	are(‘re)	have	were	had	will(΄ll)be	will have
you	are (‘re)	have	were	had	will(΄ll)be	will have
they	are (‘re)	have	were	had	will(΄ll)be	will have

+ I am a lawyer. He is a detective.

+ I was a lawyer. He was a detective.

+ I΄ll be a lawyer. He΄ll be a detective.

? Am I a lawyer? Is he a detective?

? Was I a lawyer? Was he a detective?

? Will I be a lawyer? Will he be a detective?

? What are you? Where is he?

- I am not a lawyer. He is not a detective.

- I was not a lawyer. He was not a detective.

- I won’t be a lawyer. He will not be a detective.

+ I have breakfast at 9 o’clock.

? Does Ann have a car? (= Has Ann got a car?)

- They don’t have any children. (= They haven’t got any children).

EXERCISES

Ex. 1. Put the verb “to be” into the correct form of the Present Simple.

Make the sentences:

a) negative;

в) interrogative.

1.They… from the USA. 2. She … a well-known specialist in civil law. 3. You … tired. 4. He … a law student. 5. They … good students. 6. Paris … in France. 7. Mr Smith … a good teacher. 8. Mrs More …a lawyer in one of the firms. 9. His friend … an investigator. 10. We … police cadets.

Ex. 2. Write questions from these words. Use am/is/are.

1. (what colour your car?) what colour is your car?_______?

2. (where my key?) Where ________________________?

3. (where my socks?) _____________________________?

4. (how old your father?) How __________________________?

5. (what colour his eyes?) ______________________________?

6. (why John angry with me?) ______________________________?

7. (how much these shoes?) ______________________________?

8. (who your favourite actor?) ______________________________?

9. (why you always late?) ______________________________?

Ex. 3. Read and translate the sentences.

1. Я студент юридического факультета. 2. Я сейчас в академии. 3. Я будущий

юрист. 4. Я женат (замужем). 5. Моя жена преподаватель. 6. Наша семья маленькая. 7. Мой отец доктор, а мама – экономист. 8. Твой друг судья? 9. Его жена адвокат? 10. Они не студенты.

Ex. 4. Put in am/is/are/was/were. Some sentences are present and some are past.

1. Last year she was 22, so she is 23 now.

2. Today the weather ______ nice, but yesterday it ______cold.

3. I ______ hungry. Can I have something to eat?

4. I ______ hungry last night, so I had something to eat.

5. Where ______ you at 11 o'clock last Friday morning?

6. Don't buy those shoes. They ______ too expensive.

7. Why ______ you so angry yesterday?

8. We must go now. It ___ very late.

9. This time last year I ______ in Paris.

10. We ______ tired when we arrived home, so we went to bed.

11. Charlie Chaplin died in 1978. He ______ a famous film star.

12. 'Where ______ the children?' 'I don't know. They ______in the garden ten minutes ago’.

Ex. 5. Put in was/wasn't/were/weren't.

1. We didn't like our hotel room. It was very small and it wasn’t very clean.

2. Kate got married when she ________ 24 years old.

3. I phoned you yesterday evening but you ________ at home. Where ______ you?

4. George ______ at work last week because he ______ ill. He's better now.

5. The shops ______ open yesterday because it _______ a public holiday.

6. ' ________ you at home at 9.30?' 'No, I ________I _________ at work.'

Ex. 6. Helen is going on a European tour next month. Look at her plans. Where will she be on these dates?

1. (8th) She’ll be in Paris____________ 2. (10th) She______________________ 3. (25th) _________________________ 4. (14th) _________________________ 5. (20th) _________________________

6-9 Paris 9-11 Munich 11-15 Vienna 16-22 Rome 23-28 Athens

Ex. 7. Read and translate the sentences.

1. In our country all people have the right to education. 2. I have got many books on

this question. 3. Have you got any books in criminal law? 4. They had a seminar in criminal procedure yesterday. 4. We shall have a good rest next Sunday. 5. I’ve got one child. 6. She has got two sons. 7. Where do you have dinner after classes? 8. We have (got) many good friends in the city of Perm. 9. I have got many relatives. 10. My family has (got) a new flat in the centre of our city.

Ex. 8. Write questions.

1. (you / a camera?) Have you got a camera ?

2. (you / a passport?) ________________________________________________ ?

3. (your father / a car?) _______________________________________________?

4. (Carol / many friends?) _____________________________________________?

5. (Mr and Mrs Lewis / any children?) ___________________________________?

6. (how much money / you?) __________________________________________ ?

7. (what kind of car /John?) ____________________________________________?

Ex. 9. Put in have got ('ve got), has got ('s got), haven't got or hasn't got.

1. They like animals. They 've got three dogs and two cats.

2. Sarah hasn’t got a car. She goes everywhere by bicycle.

3. Everybody likes Tom. He _____________ a lot of friends.

4. Mr and Mrs Johnson ______________ two children, a boy and a girl.

5. An insect ________________ six legs.

6. I can't open the door. I _____________________ a key.

7. Quick! Hurry! We ___________________ much time.

8. 'What's wrong?' 'I ___________________ something in my eye.’

9. Ben doesn't read much. He _____________________ many books.

10. It's a nice town. It ______________________ a very nice shopping centre.

11. Alice is going to the dentist. She _______________________ toothache.

12. 'Where's my newspaper?' 'I don't know. I ____________________ it.'

13. Julia wants to go on holiday but she ______________________ any money.

14. I'm not going to work today. I ________________________ a bad cold.

Ex. 10. Put in is/are/was/were/have/has.

1. Oranges are imported into Britain.

2. Joe has lost his passport.

3. Glass __________ made from sand.

4. I __________ made some coffee. Would you like some?

5. This shopping centre ________________ built ten years ago.

6. The streets in this town __________________ cleaned every day.

7. _______________ you finished your work?

8. Jill __________________ gone to Italy for a holiday.

9. These are very old photographs. They ________________taken a long time ago.

10. George and Linda are here. They _______________ just arrived.

11. She's Italian but she ______________ born in France.

12. Can you tell me how this word ________________ pronounced?

Оборот “there + to be”

Оборот there is/are употребляется тогда, когда мы хотим сказать, что где-то что-то есть, находится, существует.

There is a beautiful park across the road.

There isn’t anybody here.

Were there a lot of people here yesterday?

Present - there is (there’s)

there is not (there isn’t or there’s not)

is there…?

there are

there are not… (there aren’t); there are no…

Past - there was

was there…?

there wasn’t

there were

were there…?

there weren’t; there were no…

Future - there will be

there will not (won’t) be a pen…

there will be no pens

will there be…?

Перевод таких предложений следует начинать: а) с обстоятельства места (где?); б) со сказуемого, если обстоятельство отсутствует.

EXERCISES

Ex. 1. Read and translate the sentences. Make them

a) negative;

b) interrogative.

1. There are many beautiful parks and squares in London. 2. There is the Museum of

Local Lore in our city. 3. There were a lot of people in the streets in the evening. 4. There are many historical sights in Perm. 5. There are four state theatres in the city of Perm. 6. There is a good reading-room in our Academy. 7. There will be a lecture on Criminal Law tomorrow. 8. There will be an interesting article in tomorrow’s newspaper. 9. In the United States there is a system of two major political parties. 10. There are many branches of law.

Ex. 2. Put in there is / there isn't / is there? / there are / there aren't / are there?

1. Dunford is a very modern town There aren’t many old buildings.

2. Look! ___________ a photograph of George in the newspaper!

3. Excuse me, _________________a restaurant near here?

4. _______________ five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters and me.

5. We can't take any photographs ____________________ a film in the camera.

6. How many students _________________ in your class?

7. Where can we sit? ___________________any chairs.

8. ______________ a bus from the city centre to the airport?

Ex. 3. Put in there was / there wasn't / was there? / there were / there weren't / were there?

1. I was hungry but there wasn’t anything to eat.

2. Were there any letters for me yesterday?

3. _____________ a football match on TV last night but I didn't see it.

4. 'We stayed at a nice hotel.' 'Did you? ____________ a swimming-pool?'

5. The suitcase was empty.___________________ any clothes in it.

6. I found a wallet in the street but ........................... any money in it.

7. ' _______________ many people at the meeting?' 'No, very few.'

8. We didn't visit the museum. ______________ enough time.

9. I'm sorry I'm late. __________________ a lot of traffic.

10. The radio wasn't working because _________________ any batteries in it.

Ex. 4. Translate into English.

1. В этом тексте много новых слов. 2. В нашей академии 12 кафедр. 3. В неделе

семь дней. 4. Несколько лет назад на этой улице было много старых зданий. 5. Существуют различные виды преступлений. 6. В этом районе города нет парков. 7. Завтра нет семинара по гражданскому праву. 8. Сколько студентов в вашей группе? 9. Сколько месяцев в году? 10. Вчера не было лекции по международному праву.