Безличные предложения
(Impersonal sentences)
Некоторые предложения бывают безличными. В них нет конкретного действующего лица. Обычно предложения такого типа начинаются с местоимения it , за которым следует глагол to be в личной форме + прилагательное или причастие II. В таких предложениях " it is /was/" не переводится, а прилагательное или причастие II переводятся наречием, кратким причастием или оборотом типа "говорят", "считают" и т.д.
It was important to begin investigating a crime as soon as possible.
Важно начать расследование преступления как можно скорее.
Ex. 1. Translate into Russian
1. It is necessary that they should realize the gravity of the situation.
2. It is difficult to deal with mentally ill hostage-takers whose actions cannot be easily
predicted.
3. It is essential that every child have the same educational opportunities.
4. It was careless of Jack to leave the door unlocked when he went out.
5. It is well known that the sphere of criminalistics is not restricted to preliminary
investigation.
6. It is easy to be brave from a safe distance. (Aesop).
7. It is important to begin investigating a crime as soon as possible.
8. It is most desirable that every delegate arrive in time.
9. It is never too late to learn.
Сложные предложения
(Compound sentences)
EXERCISES
Ex. 1. Translate into Russian paying attention to compound sentences.
1. The purpose of criminal proceedings is to punish the offender and to ensure that he
does not repeat his offence.
2. Anyone who is present at the scene of a crime must be regarded as a potential
witness.
3. Since crimes are offences against the State, the state takes the initiative in
prosecuting criminals.
4. A witness is any person who has information that may be useful to the police.
5. We are to be good specialists in crime detection that’s why special subjects are of
great interest for us.
6. He who decides a case without hearing the other side, though he decides justly,
cannot be considered just. (Seneca).
7. The fact is that evidence is always present at the crime scene.
8. When and where the interrogation takes place influences its results.
9. The problem was whether the suspect was going to continue his criminal activity
or not.
10. Why the criminals use that method of breaking into the house was for the
investigator to decide.
Для сложноподчинённых предложений с придаточными времени и условия существует особая закономерность употребления грамматических времён.
The Use of Tenses in When / If – clauses
-
Будущее время
в
главном предложении
-
Настоящее время в придаточных предложениях
времени и условия
|
Союзы: when, after, before, while until и т.д. I shall speak with him after my home-work. |
Союзы: if provided, on condition that, unless и т.д. He will make a report if he has enough information. |
Ex. 2. Underline the clauses and translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. Please don’t touch anything until the police arrive.
2. If he breaks the rules he will be fined.
3. If you listened to me, you will succeed.
4. If I were you I would take your parents’ advise.
5. If there were no criminals there would be no lawyers.
6. If all the world were just, there would be no need for courts.
7. As soon as we find out their legal address we shall contact you.
8. If they find out about this there’ll be trouble.
Self check
Ex. 3. Put the verbs into the correct tense forms.
A. 1. You (not, catch) the 10 o'clock train, if you (not, hurry). 2. If the weather (be) fine, we (have) a picnic on Sunday. 3. When I (finish) my work, I (take) the children out for a walk. 4. I (speak) to him, when I (see) him next time. 5. If you (ask) him politely, he (help) you. 6. If he (not, attend) the conference, he (not, see) his friends. 7. When she (hear) her result, she (be) pleased. 8. They (laugh) when they (realise) it's a trick. 9. I think you (like) Nick when you (meet) him. 10. (Go) she to college if she (get) good grades in her exams?
Ex. 4. Translate into English:
1. Я зайду к тебе, как только освобожусь. 2. Я сообщу вам свой новый адрес, прежде чем мы переедем на новую квартиру. 3. Если меня никто не встретит на вокзале, я возьму такси. 4. Что вы будете делать, если не застанете его дома? 5. Когда я приеду в Москву, я дам тебе телеграмму. 6. Я помогу тебе, как только закончу работать над статьей. 7. Вы опоздаете на поезд, если не поспешите. 8. Если он не приедет завтра, пошлите ему телеграмму.