Условные предложения

Условные предложения в английском языке бывают трех типов и могут выражать реальные, маловероятные и нереальные условия.

В условных предложениях реального условия сказуемое может быть выражено глаголом в любой форме изъявительного наклонения в зависимости от смысла.

If he was in the court yesterday, Если он был вчера в суде,

he heard the sentence. он слышал приговор.

В условных предложениях маловероятного и нереального условия сказуемое главного предложения выражается глаголом в форме сослагательного наклонения should или would в сочетании с простым или перфектным инфинитивом, а сказуемое придаточного предложения, как правило, выражается глаголом в форме Past Simple или Past Perfect.

Глагол to be имеет форму were для всех лиц. При переводе на русский язык необходимо вводить частицу бы.

If he had been in the court yesterday, Если бы он был вчера в суде,

he would have heard the sentence. он бы слышал приговор.

If he were in court tomorrow, Если бы он был завтра в суде,

he would hear the sentence. он бы услышал приговор.

Условные предложения со сказуемым,

выраженным глаголом to be + infinitive

Cказуемое условного предложения, выраженное глаголом to be + Infinitive чаще всего переводится на русский язык неопределенной формой глагола с союзом чтобы.

If a person is to be considered criminally Чтобы лицо считать уголовно

responsible he must be not younger 16. ответственным, ему должно быть не

than 16. меньше 16 лет.

EXERCISES

Ex. 1. Read and translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to conditionals.

1. If a person violates a law, he will be punished. 2. Educational measures are always

taken if the reform of a person who has committed a crime is possible without criminal punishment. 3. If the judgement and sentence have not been appealed against in statutory period, they come into force. 4. If a person who has been conditionally discharged before completing his sentence commits another crime, part or all of the uncompleted sentence is to be added to the new sentence. 5. If the International Military Tribunal had not been established, many war criminals would not been punished. 6. If the offender is to become a discharged person there are many conditions to be observed. 7. If one is to understand the behaviour of the criminal it is necessary to study his character, psychology, the motives of the crime and so on. 8. If I had more time I would study more. 9. If I were you I would call the police.

Ex. 2. Put the verb into the correct form.

Examples: If 1 found £100 in the street, I would keep (keep) it.

They'd be rather angry if you didn’t visit (not/visit) them.

1. If I was offered the job, I think I _______________ (take) it.

2. I'm sure Tom will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if he ______________________ (refuse).

3. Many people would be out of work if that factory _______________ (close) down.

4. If she sold her car, she _______________ (not/get) much money for it.

5. They're expecting us. They would be disappointed if we _________________ (not/come).

6. Would George be angry if I _____________ (take) his bicycle without asking?

7. Ann gave me this ring. She _________________ (be) terribly upset if 1 lost it.

8. If someone _______________ (walk) in here with a gun, I'd be very frightened.

9. What would happen if you _______________ (not/go) to work tomorrow?

10 I'm sure she _________________ (understand) if you explained the situation to her.