5. Translate the text. Growth of the organization

Organizations grow in size and complexity. Growing in size and increasing their production they take on additional staff. As grows continues, the owner will have to relinquish direct control of most aspects of the organization’s work in order to concern himself with policy. This course of events going on, the number of the employees becomes still more numerous. Eventually, the owner will become the leader of a team of specialists, each having his own assistants, secretaries and other staff.

Having become big enough, the organization will then consist of a series of departments, each having its own structure and duties. Once an organization developed to this size, it is very easy for conflict to develop between different groups or departments. This being the case, it is very difficult to maintain effective communication throughout the business. The most important problem of the owner of an organization being to make it function smoothly, measures are to be taken to avoid conflicts.

To solve this problem the management must decide how much it wishes to centralize or decentralize its business. The terms centralization and decentralization refer to the degree of authority that is given to various levels of the management and the divisions of the organization. An organization is called centralized when practically all decisions are taken by the top management, a very limited amount of authority being delegated to the lower levels of management. If an organization is decentralized a greater degree of authority is given to staff and divisions and grater number of decisions is made by lower levels of management.

Summing up, we can say that a centralized business has a tight structure, whereas decentralized one has a looser structure. No enterprise chooses complete centralization or decentralization. In practice, it tries to find a balance between the two forms. To find this balance is precisely the task of the management.

6. Answer the questions.

1. Why do organizations grow?

2. What are the implications of this process?

3. What is the task of the management related to growth?

4. Is growth good for the owner of the organization?

5. What is the reason for this?

6. What is a centralized organization?

7. What is implied when we speak of a decentralized organization?

8. Which one is more convenient for the owner?

9. What does the structure of the organization depend on?

10. Which organization has a looser structure?

Lesson 10

Г Е Р У Н Д И Й

1. Elementary gerund

Если непосредственно перед герундием нет имени существительного или местоимения, то его следует переводить на русский язык соответствующим отглагольным существительным.

Pattern

Smoking is harmful.

Walking in the country will do you good.

Курение вредно.

Прогулки (“гуляние”) в загородной местности принесут вам пользу.

Translate the following sentences.

1. Exercising keeps our manager from getting fatter.

2. Manufacturing fashion shoes requires skilled labour force.

3. There are various ways of solving this problem.

4. We aim at increasing our sales.

5. There is no way of performing this operation better.

6. Prior to inspecting our files you must obtain special permit.

7. I recall seeing this advert.

8. We cannot avoid inviting him to our department.

9. Writing and scoring tests is a 4 billion industry in the US.

10. On arriving in London he will send us a telegram

11. I cannot remember seeing them.

12. He denied having lost the documents.

13. I hate being invited to these meetings.

14. In checking the documents he inquired about the production cost.

15. He is often reproached for having done that.