Module 11 physics

Texts

MT 1. Physics and physical phenomena

ST 1. Physics

ST 2. Physics. Stages of development

ST 3. Interrelationship of chemistry and physics

ST 4. Ukrainian physicists

ST 5. It is interesting to know

1. Робота в парах. Прочитайте та перекладіть подані інтернаціональні слова.

astronomy	[əs'tronəmi]	materialism	[mə'tiəriəlizm]
astrophysics	[əstro'fiziks]	matter	['mætə]
atomic	[ə'tomik]	modern	['modən]
base	[beis]	natural	['næt∫ərəl]
bionics	[bai'oniks]	pass	[pa:s]
chemical	['kemik əl]	physical	['fizikəl]
classical	['kl æsikəl]	various	['vεəriəs]
cybernetics	[saibə:'netiks]	dialectical	[daiə'lektikəl]
electrical	[i'lektrikəl]	spectroscopy	[spek'trəskoupi]
electronics	[ilek'troniks]	theory	[' θ iəri]
experiment	[iks'perimənt]	transform	[trans'fo: m]
globe	[gloub]	method	['meθəd]
idea	[ai'diə]
isotope	['aisoutoup]
lead (led, led)	[li:d, led]
magnetic	[mæg'netic]
physics	['fiziks]
problem	['probləm]
quantum	['kwontəm]
radio	['reidiou]
radium	['raidjəm]

2. Прочитайте подані слова та запам’ятайте їх значення.

application	[æ pli'kei∫n]	застосування
apply	[ə 'plai]	застосовувати
branch	[bra: nt∫]	галузь
carry out	['kæri aut]	проводити
case	['keis]	випадок
change	[t ∫eind3]	зміна
connect	[kə 'nekt]	об’єднуватись, зв’язуватись
connection	[kə'nek∫ən]	зв’язок, з’єднання
copper	['kopə]	мідь
current	['kλrənt]	потік
develop	[di'veləp]	розвивати, створювати
development	[di'veləpmənt]	розвиток, розробка, створення
due to	[dju: tu]	завдяки
engineering	[end3i'niəriŋ]	техніка, технічний
field	[fi:ld]	поле, галузь
force	[fo:s]	сила, змушувати
found	[faund]	засновувати
heat	[hi:t]	теплота
importance	[im'po:təns]	важливість, значення
important	[im'po:tənt]	важливий
include	[ink'lu:d]	включати
influence	['influəns]	вплив, впливати
investigate	[in'vestigeit]	досліджувати
investigation	[investi'gei∫ən]	дослідження
knowledge	['nolid3]	знання
light	[lait]	світло
lightning	['laitniŋ]	блискавка
merge	[mə:d3]	об’єднуватись, зливатись
nuclear	['nju:kliə]	ядерний
observe	[əb'zə:v]	спостерігати
occur	[ə'kə:]	відбуватися
power	['pauə]	потужність, енергія
release	[ri'li:s]	звільняти
research	[ri'sə:t∫]	дослідження, досліджувати
same	[seim]	той самий, однаковий

science ['saiəns] наука

scientific [saiən'tifik] науковий

scientist ['saiəntist] науковець

solution [sə'lu: ∫ən] вирішення, розв'язання

solve [solv] вирішувати

sound [saund] звук

such [sλt∫] такий

use [ju:s] використання, вживання

variety [və'raiəti] різноманітність

various ['veəriəs] різноманітний, відмінний

vary ['veəri] змінюватись

wire ['waiə] дріт

III. Запам’ятайте фрази і словосполучення.

a vast number of the boiling of water the falling of a stone the heating of a wire the melting of ice there exists to take place upon carefully observing

багато кипіння води падіння каменя нагрівання дроту танення льоду існує відбуватись уважно спостерігаючи

IV. Прочитайте та перекладіть базовий текст №1 (ВТ1).

PHYSICS AND PHYSICAL PHENOMENA

1. Physics is a broad science about nature.

2. In nature there exists a vast number of different objects.

3. Any object (a ruler, a pencil, sand, scissors, a drop of water, a stone, the globe, etc.) is called a physical body or a body.

4. All bodies consist of matter.

5. Steel, copper, rubber, water, air, a stone are different kinds of matter.

6. Upon carefully observing different physical bodies, we notice, without any particular difficulty, that various changes take place in these bodies.

7. All changes which occur in a physical body are known as phenomena.

8. If a piece of ice is brought into a warm room, it melts.

9. Water in a tea-kettle boils for a long time, all of it will be transformed into steam.

10. A stone released from the hand falls to the earth.

11. If we pass an electric current through the wire, the wire will become heated.

12. The melting of ice, the boiling of water, the falling of a stone, the heating of a wire by an electric current, wind, lightning – all these are different phenomena.

13. Physics studies mechanics, sound, heat, electricity and magnetism, light and spectroscopy, atomic and nuclear physics and astrophysics.

14. In addition to these fields of physics, another fields are rapidly developing.

15. These different fields are not distinct but merge into each other.

16. In all cases physics deals primarily with phenomena that can be accurately described in terms of matter and energy.

V. Знайдіть в базовому тексті відповіді на наступні запитання.

1. What is physics?

2. What does physics study?

3. What is called a physical phenomenon?

4. What does any body consist of?

5. When will the wire become heated?

6. When does a piece of ice melt?

VI. Прочитайте та перекладіть додатковий текст №1(SТ1).

PHYSICS

Nowadays physics is the leading natural science and this is due to the variety of the ideas and methods and due to the importance of the results of investigation for the theory of knowledge and for the development of the world outlook.

No less important is the influence of physics on the development of the productive forces of society. Many fields of modern engineering such as nuclear engineering, electronics, including semiconductor and quantum electronics, atomic power and radio engineering are closely connected with physics. At the same time the application of new physical ideas and research methods to classical branches of science and engineering has led in many cases to new solutions of certain problems.

New sciences, that are based on physics, have been founded and are being developed; they are: cybernetics, radioastronomy, bionics, biophysics and others.

7. Знайдіть в тексті еквіваленти наступних слів і виразів:

Провідна природнича наука, різноманіття методів, не менш важливо, ядерна техніка, напівпровідникова та квантова електроніка, атомна енергетика, радіотехніка, галузі науки, кібернетика, радіоастрономія, біофізика.

VIII . Знайдіть в додатковому тексті№1(SТ1) відповіді на наступні запитання.

1. Why is physics a leading natural science?

2. What fields of modern engineering are closely connected with physics?

3. What new sciences based on physics are being developed?

IX.Прочитайте та перекладіть додатковий текст №2(SТ2).

PHYSICS. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Physics is the science of matter, motion and energy. Newton was the first physicist in the modern sense. Since he stated the three laws of motion in 1687 physics has advanced at a rapid pace along a road which may be divided into three stages. The first consists in acquiring quantitative knowledge about some particular phenomena. The next stage involves theoretical study, including mathematical proofs of theories, and the last stage, experimental proof of the important theories. Until quite recently physicists were in favour of mechanical explanation. The physicist today deals with mathematics to a large extent. The theory of relativity of Einstein, by which the universe is explained mathematically, is a powerful tool of physics. Electricity and magnetism, and electromagnetic radiation of all kinds, from wireless waves to X-rays, were based on Maxwell’s theory, which resolves the world into electric charges and electric and magnetic waves.

Physics originally developed, and is still taught today, along several different lines: mechanics, heat, light, electricity and magnetism, and sound. When light was shown to have the characteristics of a wave motion, heat to be convertible into mechanical work, and electricity and magnetism to be capable of generation by mechanical means, it is a proof of the unity of nature.

X . Знайдіть в додатковому текст №2(SТ2) відповіді на наступні запитання.

1. What is physics?

2. Who was the first physicist in the modern sense?

3. When did Newton state the three laws of motion?

4. What does the first stage consist in?

5. What does the next stage involve?

6. What branches of physics were based on Maxwell’s theory?

7. What is the proof of the unity of nature?

X1. Анотуйте додатковий текст №2 (ST2) англійською та українською мовами.

XII. Прочитайте та перекладіть додатковий текст №3(SТ3).