Module 13 computers

Texts

BT1. Computers.

ST 1. From the history of computer.

ST 2. The software and the hardware.

ST3. Computer technology for all.

I. Робота в парах. Прочитайте та перекладіть подані інтернаціональні слова:

Computer	[kəmp`ju:tə]
Program	[`prəυgræm]
Technology	[tek`nolədзi]
Interactive	[,intə`ræktiv]
CD = compact disk	[`kompækt `disk]
CDI = interactive compact disk	[[,intə`ræktiv `kompækt `disk]
Film	[film]
Version	[`və:∫ən]
Project	[`prodзekt]
Report	[ri`po:t]
Process	[`prəuses]
Machine	[mə`∫i:n]
Design	[di`zain]
Virtual reality	[`və:tjuəl ri`æliti]
PC = personal computer	[`pə:sənl kəmp`ju:tə]

II. Прочитайте подані слова та запам'ятайте їх значення.

access	[ək`ses]	доступ
abacus	[`æbəkəs]	рахівниця
digit	[`didзit]	цифра, число
key	[ki:]	кнопка, клавіша; ключ
hardware	[`hα:dwεə]	апаратне забезпечення
software	[`softwεə]	програмне забезпечення
to store	[sto:]	запам’ятовувати; зберігати
storage	[`sto:ridз]	пам'ять; зберігання даних
input	[`input]	вхід; введення
output	[`autput]	вихід
to compute	[kəm`pju:t]	обчислювати
to count	[kaunt]	рахувати
to perform	[pə`fo:m]	виконувати
to display	[dis`plei]	показувати
to compare	[kəmpεə]	порівнювати
to calculate	[`kælkjuleit]	обчислювати
to record	[ri`ko:d]	записувати
to process	[prəu`ses]	обробляти, опрацьовувати
decade	[`dekeid]	десятиріччя

III. Запам’ятайте фрази і словосполучення:

in daily use instant access to to process data to save a lot of money to do a lot of operations to plug instruction to do weather forecasting

у щоденному вжитку постійний доступ до обробляти дані економити багато грошей виконувати багато операцій ввести команду робити прогноз погоди

IV. Прочитайте та перекладіть базовий текст №1 (BТ 1).

COMPUTERS

1. For the last five years personal computers (PC) are becoming more and more popular in our country.

2. There are computers in offices, schools, institutions and universities.

3. More and more people want to have a PC at home. No wonder!

4. PC gives us new opportunities, opens a new wonderful world of interactivity that will change the way we learn, play and communicate with others.

5. VIRTUAL REALITY (VR). With VR goggles and a data glove we are able to see and move things which exist only in our computer program.

6. Consequently, we will be able to play tennis with Andre Agassi, go on hair-raising rides, or play in our favourite pop group.

7. All in the comfort of our living room.

8. VIDEOPHONE. These are already available in some places but the image isn’t very good.

9. Since technology is developing fast, we’ll soon be able to see a perfect image of the caller.

10. People who don’t like to be seen unless they are looking their best shouldn’t worry.

11. Videophones come with a lens cover, so the caller won’t be able to see them unless they want to be seen.

12. INTERACTIVE TV. In the future we will have access to 500 television channels and in addition to this, homes will be connected to the local video library.

13. We will be able to call up any movie or program we want, when we want it.

14. Thanks to CDIs, watching films won’t be a passive activity because we will be able to choose alternative story lines and create our own version of any film.

15. CD-ROM. Nowadays young people are able to have instant access to the best games and collections of their favourite pop group’s music.

16. Since CD-ROMs contain masses of information, we are also able to call up the complete contents of the Encyclopaedia Britannica in a few seconds.

17. The computer can’t write projects or reports, but it can make the process a lot easier.

18. Interactivity can put the world at our fingertips!

V. Знайдіть у базовому тексті №1 (БТ 1) відповіді на наступні запитання.

1. Why do most people want to have a PC at home?

2. What will you be able to do with VR goggles and data gloves?

3. Would you like to have a videophone? Why?

4. Why will watching films become an active experience?

5. How can a PC change your life?

6. What does the expression “to have the world at our fingertips” mean?

VI. Прочитайте та перекладіть додатковий текст №1 (SТ 1).

FROM THE HISTORY OF COMPUTER

The computer is no doubt the most amazing achievement of mankind. It is a data storage system created by man. A computer cannot think. A human operator tells the machine what to do, when to do it and how it should be done.

The word computer comes from a Latin word which means to count.

Nearly one hundred and fifty years ago there were no such things as computers. Knotted ropes, marks in clay, the abacus are all methods of keeping track to numbers.

In 1833 an English inventor and mathematician Charles Babbage, professor of Cambridge University designed the first computer. The mathematical program for his machine had been composed by Lord Byron’s daughter.

The first programmer computer which operated successfully was built in 1939 by H.H. Aiken, professor of Harward University.

In our country the first electronic digital computer MACM was constructed by the Ukrainian Academician S.O. Lebedev in 1950.

Nowadays computers greatly increase man’s thinking capabilities of planning, analyzing, computing and controlling. Hundreds of computers are already in daily use. They penetrate almost into all spheres of our modern society, from nuclear energy production and missile design to the processing of bank checks, weather forecasting, manufacturing, research and medical diagnoses.

VII. Перекладіть англійською мовою запропоновані речення.

1. Слово «комп’ютер» походить від латинського слова «рахувати».

2. Комп’ютер, безсумнівно, найдивовижніший винахід людства.

3. У 1833 році англійський винахідник і математик Чарльз Бейбедж, професор Кембріджського університету, сконструював перший комп’ютер.

4. В нашій країні перший електронний цифровий комп’ютер був сконструйований українським академіком С.О. Лєбєдєвим у 1950 році.

VIII. Прочитайте та перекладіть додатковий текст №2 (SТ 2), звертаючи увагу на спеціальну лексику уроку.

COMPUTERS: THE SOFTWARE AND THE HARDWARE

Because of the extraordinary technological development during the past decades , the term computer is becoming a household word. Computer applications have expanded to such breadth that the computer is now an integral part of virtually every type of business and industrial enterprise.

The number of electronic computers used in any given field of human activity is sometimes believed to indicate the degree of its modernity. For example, the more computers scientific institute uses the more modern it is believed to be. It is not always born in mind, however, that computers alone represent only what is called the hardware, i.e., the machinery together with its subtle technical and logical design. In order that the hardware may be used effectively, another essential factor is needed: the so-called software or applied thoughts. The preparation of computer programs, the working out of the logical aspects of material to be manipulated in a computer, takes up as much, if not more, time as the actual production of the hardware and is by no mean easier. The software, as most intangible product, is not always capable of being readily evaluated. This, however, does not change the fact that it is at least as decisive as the hardware in obtaining solutions to concrete scientific and technological problems.

There are two basic types of electronic computers: digital and analogue. Each type has its uses in various fields. However, they have one thing in common: for their effective operation they require ingeniously thought-out software.

IX. Дайте відповіді на наступні запитання:

1. What were the computers like many years ago?

2. Have they been developed since that time?

3. What is a computer?

4. What calculations can a computer perform?

5. What types of computers do you know?

6. Do digital and analogue computers work in the same way?

7. How do digital and analogue computers work?

X. Прочитайте та перекладіть додатковий текст №3 (SТ 3).

COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY FOR ALL

FOR THE VERY YOUNG

Recently in Japan, programs for use with computers have been produced for children of six to ten years old.

Computers technology for the very young is a rapidly growing industry. And, according to the technical experts, is very educational. They say in fact, that computers help children mature and learn to reason much more quickly.

Children love he games and other computer technology and in some elementary schools, there are already lessons on using computers.

And at home? The computer is becoming a kind of “technological grandmother”. It sings nursery rhymes, tells fairy stories and helps with homework.

FOR OLDER CHILDREN

A short time ago, the electronic diary was produced for older children. Many young people all over the world use it already for taking notes, doing homework, drawing and keeping telephone numbers.

There is also some equipment which is like “an electronic teacher”. This computer answers questions on all scholastic subjects from biology to geography.

But young people’s true passion is video games. In the United States, millions of them, from age five to fourteen, play for an average of two hours a day.

DISCUSSION

There are also arguments about the popularity of computers. Some experts are alarmed. In their opinion, computers block the imagination and spontaneity of young people.

They say that electronic games aren’t creative; that children use only their fingers and not the rest of their bodies or their imaginations.

And that’s before they talk about video games! Prolonged use of video games can damage the eyes and that’s not all. There are a lot of video games which are violent and not educational.

XI. Дайте відповіді на наступні запитання:

1. What do you think about the popularity of computers?

2. Is it right to make even small children use computers?

3. Would you like “an electronic teacher”?

4. Do you like video games?

5. Do you think it’s true that they can harm you?

XII. Анотуйте українською та англійською мовами додаткові тексти №1, 2, 3 (SТ1, 2, 3).

XIII. Дайте відповіді на наступні запитання:

1. Name the professions of people who work with computers.

2. How do we call someone who tries to break into a computer system?

3. Name things you do with your computer.

4. Do you know any computer problems?

5. What does the Computer Science deal with?

6. What does it mean to be a computer-literate person?

7. What does the Internet allow the computer users?

8. Do you have access to the Internet?

9. What kinds of information can you find on the Internet?

10. What is a desktop computer?

11. What is a laptop?

12. What is a neural computer?