- •1. Read the text and answer the questions.
- •2. Match the words with the correct definition.
- •3. Complete the sentences below with one of the words from the box.
- •1. Before you read this text discuss the following questions.
- •3. Decide whether the statements are true or false.
- •1. Before you read the text match these words (1-6) to their meaning (a-f)
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Complete the sentences using the words in box.
- •1. Answer the questions before reading the text.
- •2. Match the beginning of the sentences (1-5) with their endings (a-e)
- •3. Explain the meaning of the following words.
- •1. Answer the question before reading the text.
- •2. State the country where the following manufacturers in computing are
- •5. Match the words with their definition.
- •1. Name five major producers of microprocessors.
- •Intel Core i7-975 ee and Core i5-750
- •2. Read the text an answer the questions after it.
- •3. Read the text again and choose the correct answer to complete these
- •1. Answer these questions.
- •In a hermetically sealed hc-49/us package,
- •3. Find the word in the text that best matches with the appropriate
- •4. Decide whether the following statements true or false.
- •1. Guess the meaning of the following words
- •2. Read the text and answer the questions after it.
- •3. Complete the sentences below using the words from the box.
- •4. Make up questions for the following answers.
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions.
- •2. Complete the sentences below with one of the words from the box.
- •3. Find synonyms for the following words in the text.
- •2. Read the following text and check your answers.
- •3. Read the text and say whether the sentence is true or false.
- •5. Word Search. Find as many words from the text as possible in the grid below. There are 5 words all together.
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.
- •2. Read the text, complete the sentences and translate them into Ukrainian.
- •4. Put the letters into the order to make up words. Find sentences with these words in the text and translate them into Ukrainian.
- •5. Put all kinds of questions to the given sentences.
- •1. Read and discuss the text.
- •3. Fill in the missing words and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •1. Before reading the text, choose the possible answer.
- •2. Read the following text and discuss in groups.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •1. Read the text and say what debugging is.
- •2. Read the text and choose the right variant.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •5 . Put all kinds of questions to the given sentences.
- •1. Before reading the text, try to answer the following questions:
- •3. Say whether it is true or false.
- •4. Find 5 words from the text in the grid below. Then make up your own sentences using these words.
- •5. Put the words into the right order to make up sentences and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.
- •5. Write a short summary of the text.
- •1. Before reading the text try to answer the following questions and
- •2. Read the text, give it your own title and make up a plan to it.
- •3. Say whether it is true or false.
- •4. Read the given sentences and denote the tense and voice. Put all
- •5. Write a summary to the text using the given key-words.
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.
- •2. Read the text and answer the questions.
- •3. Put the letters into the correct order to make up the words. Find these words in the text and translate sentences with the given words into Ukrainian.
- •5. Give your own title to the text and make up a plan to it. Retell the text according to your plan.
- •1. Before reading the text try to answer the following questions.
- •3. Say whether these sentences are true or false.
- •Summary Lesson
- •II . Make up your own sentences using the words given in the guessing game above.
- •Vocabulary file
- •Vocabulary file 48
- •Методичні вказівки
3. Fill in the missing words and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
1) ……………… span all aspects of modern life.
2) ……………… include personal digital assistants, mp3 players, mobile phones, videogames consoles, digital cameras and etc.
3) ……………… systems increasingly use …… systems.
4) Many household appliances include embedded systems to provide flexibility, efficiency and……………….
5) Different electric motors are using electric electronic………………
6) ……………… equipment is continuing to advance with more embedded systems.
7) A new class of miniature wireless devices called ………… are quickly gaining popularity.
8) WSN makes use of……………………..
9) These motes are completely…………………
10) Motes will typically run off a ……….. source for many years before the batteries need to be charged.
4. Put all kinds of questions to the given sentences.
1) Computer networking used dedicated routers and network bridges to route data.
2) Advanced HVAC systems use networked thermostats to more accurately and efficiently control temperature that can change by time of day and season.
3) Home automation uses wired and wireless-networking.
Unit 13 From the History of Embedded systems
1. Before reading the text, choose the possible answer.
Then read the text and check yourself.
1) In the 1930-40 s computers were sometimes dedicated to a single task, but were……. for most kings of tasks performed by embedded computers of today.
a) too large and cheap
b) too small and cheap
c) too large and expensive
d) too expensive and small
2) The Apollo Guidance computer was one of the first recognizably……. embedded systems.
a) modern
b) expensive
c) cheap
d) big
3) An early mass-produced embedded system was the autonetics D-17 guidance computer for the Minuteman missile, released………….
a) in 1861
b) in 1961
c) in 1916
d) in 1816
4) When………….went into production in 1966, the D-17 was replaced with a new computer that was the first high-volume use of integrated circuits.
a) Minuteman I
b) Mituneman II
c) Mituneman I
d) Minuteman II
5) Since these early applications in the 1960 s, embedded systems have come down in………
a) price
b) production
c) use
d) size
2. Read the following text and discuss in groups.
In the earliest years of computers in the 1930–40s, computers were sometimes dedicated to a single task, but were far too large and expensive for most kinds of tasks performed by embedded computers of today. Over time however, the concept of programmable controllers evolved from traditional electromechanical sequencers, via solid state devices, to the use of computer technology.
One of the first recognizably modern embedded systems was the Apollo Guidance Computer, developed by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. At the project's inception, the Apollo guidance computer was considered the riskiest item in the Apollo project as it employed the then newly developed monolithic integrated circuits to reduce the size and weight. An early mass-produced embedded system was the Autonetics D-17 guidance computer for the Minuteman missile, released in 1961. It was built from transistor logic and had a hard disk for main memory. When the Minuteman II went into production in 1966, the D-17 was replaced with a new computer that was the first high-volume use of integrated circuits. This program alone reduced prices on quad nand gate ICs from $1000/each to $3/each, permitting their use in commercial products.
Since these early applications in the 1960s, embedded systems have come down in price and there has been a dramatic rise in processing power and functionality. The first microprocessor for example, the Intel 4004, was designed for calculators and other small systems but still required many external memory and support chips. In 1978 National Engineering Manufacturers Association released a "standard" for programmable microcontrollers, including almost any computer-based controllers, such as single board computers, numerical, and event-based controllers.
As the cost of microprocessors and microcontrollers fell it became feasible to replace expensive knob-based analog components such as potentiometers and variable capacitors with up/down buttons or knobs read out by a microprocessor even in some consumer products. By the mid-1980s, most of the common previously external system components had been integrated into the same chip as the processor and this modern form of the microcontroller allowed an even more widespread use, which by the end of the decade were the norm rather than the exception for almost all electronics devices.
The integration of microcontrollers has further increased the applications for which embedded systems are used into areas where traditionally a computer would not have been considered. A general purpose and comparatively low-cost microcontroller may often be programmed to fulfill the same role as a large number of separate components. Although in this context an embedded system is usually more complex than a traditional solution, most of the complexity is contained within the microcontroller itself. Very few additional components may be needed and most of the design effort is in the software. The intangible nature of software makes it much easier to prototype and test new revisions compared with the design and construction of a new circuit not using an embedded processor.
3. Fill in the missing words and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
1) In the earliest years of computers in the 1930-40 s, computers were sometimes dedicated to a……………
2) In the 1930-40 s computers were too large and expensive for most kings of tasks performed by……………of today.
3) One of the first recognizably modern embedded systems was…………………
4) At the project’s inception, the Apollo guidance computer was considered…………..in the Apollo project.
5) An early mass-produce……………….was the Autonetics D-17 guidance computer for the Minuteman missile.
6) The first………….was designed for calculators and other small systems.
7) The first microprocessor required many……………………and support chips.
8) In ……………National Engineering Manufacturers Association released a “standard” for programmable microcontrollers.
9) By the mid-1980 s, most of the common previously external system components had been integrated into the same chip as the…………………….
10) The integration of………………………has further increased the applications for which embedded systems are used into areas where traditionally a computer would not have been considered.