- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Hippocratic oath
- •Unit 1 lesson 1
- •Vocabulary
- •Phonetics
- •Grammar:
- •(Active Voice) present simple tense
- •Past simple tense
- •Future simple tense
- •(Interrogative Form)
- •(Negative Form)
- •To have (Affirmative Form, Active Voice) present simple tense
- •Past simple tense
- •Future simple tense
- •Shall have
- •Pronoun
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •I am a medical student
- •Personal Information Sheet
- •1. Tell your fellow-students about yourself.
- •2. Describe your family to your new friend.
- •3. Show a friend your family album and answer all his/her questions.
- •Ex. 38. You want to get some information about your patient. Ask him/her questions using the expressions of 36th exercise. Overview
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary
- •Phonetics
- •Grammar: word order in a statement
- •Article
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ukrainian medical stomatological academy
- •Medical university
- •Overview
- •Lesson 3
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Vowels (голосні)
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Medical education in ukraine
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •(Interrogative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Medical education in the usa
- •Medical education in the united kingdom
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Forms of the verb
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Profession of the physician
- •How often should I consult my physician
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Grammar:
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 9. What famous physicians of the present do you know? What field of medicine do they work in?
- •Prominent scientists and physicians of ukraine
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Affirmative Form, Active Voice)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Public health service in ukraine
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar: simple tenses (Affirmative Form, Active Voice)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •National health service in the united kingdom
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Interrogative Form, Active Voice) General Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Polyclinic
- •Overview
- •Medical examination
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar: simple tenses (Active Voice, Interrogative Form)
- •Imperative mood
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 7. Read vocabulary and memorize new words. Ex. 8. Compose 5-6 sentences using the words of the vocabulary
- •At the therapeutist's
- •Overview
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Open conditionals
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Hospital
- •Ex. 19. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading consonants (приголосні)
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Participle II (v3)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •At the physician's
- •1. In what order you might ask these questions; 2. In what form you might ask them:
- •Overview
- •Lesson 13
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar:
- •Modal verbs
- •Equivalents of the modal verbs
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Chemist’s shop
- •Your home medicine chest
- •Overview
- •I. Insert the missing words:
- •II. Finish the following sentences:
- •III. Choose the proper term given below to the following definitions:
- •IV. Read and translate one of the following texts:
- •Galen (philosopher, physician, discoverer of blood and the cranial nerves)
- •World health organization
- •V. Speak on the following topics:
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Passive Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Passive voice:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Body regions
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses
- •General Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 8. Insert the missing letters and translate the following words:
- •Ex. 12. Read the following text: trunk
- •Body cavities
- •Directional terms for humans
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Lesson 18
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses (Active Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Modal verbs: should and would
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 18. Do you agree, disagree or partially agree with the statements below:
- •Cell division
- •Ex. 25. Answer the following questions:
- •Reading and developing speaking
- •Organ systems
- •Ex. 16. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 1. Insert the missing letters:
- •Emergency care of wounds
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading mute letters (“німі” літери)
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Continuous tenses (Passive Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Indefinite pronouns and adverbs
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Digestive system
- •Portions of the digestive system
- •Gallbladder
- •Pancreas
- •Large intestine
- •The alimentary tract
- •At the gastroenterologist’s
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Stomach
- •Stomach functions
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses (Passive Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Overview
- •Lesson 28
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses (Passive Voice, Interrogative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 8. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
- •Ex. 14. Answer the following questions:
- •Formed elements of the blood
- •Platelets
- •Leukocytes
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Blood groups
- •Ex. 19. Find the corresponding Ukrainian equivalents for the English terms:
- •Ex. 20. Pronounce and memorize the words to the theme studied:
- •Ex. 21. Read the following text: blood transfusion
- •Summary
- •І. Головна тема чи проблема:
- •Іі. Мета вивчення:
- •IV. Применение на практике
- •V. Висновки та результати:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 27. Translate the following interrogative sentences into English:
- •Heart chambers
- •Vessels
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Blood vessels
- •General features of blood vessel structure
- •Lesson 32
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar: subordinate clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •The cardiac cycle
- •At the cardiologist’s
- •Overview
- •Lesson 33
- •II. Insert the correct form of the verb:
- •III. Translate the following sentences:
- •IV. Read and translate one of the following texts: Text a disorders of the heart and blood vessels
- •Text b atherosclerosis
- •Text c leukemia
- •Text d digestive system
- •Peptic ulcer
- •Text f gastritis
- •V. Speak on the following topics:
- •Appendix 1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Appendix 2 suffixes and term-elements
- •Term elements of greek and latin origin greek, latin, english and ukrainian equivalents
- •Короткий довідник з правил словотворення
- •Найуживаніші суфікси англійської мови:
- •Основні префікси:
- •Practical grammar guide
- •(Короткий граматичний довідник)
- •Іменник
- •(Cases)
- •Артикль (article)
- •Займенники (pronouns)
- •Прикметник (adjective)
- •Найвищий ступінь порівняння прикметників (Superlative Degree)
- •Порядок слів у реченні.
- •Побудова розповідних і питальних речень
- •Способи визначення присудка в англійському реченні
- •Неозначено-особові речення
- •Безособові речення.
- •Форми дієслова forms of the verb
- •Часи групи simple (indefinite) present simple
- •Past simple
- •Future simple
- •Simple tenses
- •Часи групи continuous
- •Present continuous
- •Past continuous
- •Future continuous
- •Continuous tenses
- •Perfect tenses
- •Present perfect
- •Past perfect
- •Future perfect
- •Perfect tenses
- •Стан дієслова
- •Passive voice
- •Зведена таблиця часів стверджувальної форми
- •Зведена таблиця питальної форми
- •Interrogative form
- •Дієслова to be та to have
- •Ознаки функціональної відмінності дієслова to be
- •Модальні дієслова (modal verbs)
- •Модальне дієслово can
- •Модальне дієслово could
- •Модальне дієслово may
- •Модальне дієслово must
- •Ознаки розпізнавання граматичних форм, утворених за допомогою допоміжних дієслів should I would
- •Підрядні додаткові та означальні речення (object clauses)
- •Виділення членів речення за допомогою підсилювальної конструкції it is (was, will be) ... That (who, which)
- •Умовний спосіб
- •(Infinitive)
- •Форми інфінітива
- •Суб’єктний інфінітивний комплекс
- •Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс (Objective Infinitive Construction)
- •Дієприкметник (participle)
- •Форми дієприкметника Forms of Participle
- •Об’єктний дієприкметниковий комплекс (Objective Participle Construction)
- •The Objective Participle Construction перекладається підрядним реченням зі сполучником “як”: I saw them walking along the street. – я бачив, як вони йшли по вулиці. Герундій (gerund)
- •Форми герундія
- •Герундіальний комплекс (зворот) (Gerund Construction)
- •Узгодження часів у підрядному додатковому реченні
- •Vocabulary список використаної літератури
- •І.В. Знаменська о.О. Пісоцька в.Г. Костенко
Ex. 27. Translate the following interrogative sentences into English:
1. Що таке серце? 2. Де розташоване|схильний| серце? 3. З|із| чого складається серце? 4. Що знаходиться|перебуває| між правим передсердям і правим шлуночком? 5. Який клапан знаходиться|перебуває| між лівим передсердям і лівим шлуночком? 6. Яка перегородка відокремлює|відділяє| лівий шлуночок від правого? 7. З|із| яких шарів складається серце?
Ex. 28. Complete the following dialogues:
A.
For generations, poets have endowed the human heart with a wide range of emotional abilities. But we (as medical students) must have deep knowledge of anatomy and physiology of human heart. That is why I would like to ask you some questions if you don’t mind. What is a heart?
_ (muscle)
Where is the heart located?
_ (thoracic cavity)
What is the weight of the heart?
_ (male – … grams, female – … grams)
How many litres of blood does the heart pump each day?
_ (7200 L)
B.
I know that heart consists of some chambers. What are they?
_ (atrium, ventricle)
What is between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
_ (tricuspid valve)
What valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
_ (bicuspid valve)
What valve separates the left ventricle from the right ventricle?
_ (interventricular valve)
Ex. 29. Reproduce the similar dialogue.
Ex. 30. Read and retell the following text:
Heart chambers
The right atrium has three major openings through which veins enter the heart from various parts of the body: the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus. The left atrium has 4 relatively uniform openings that receive the 4 pulmonary veins. The two atria are separated from each other by the interatrial septum. A slight oval depression on the right side of the septum marks the former location of the opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and the fetus.
The atria open into the ventricles through atrioventricular canals. Each ventricle has one large, superiorly placed outflow route near the midline of the heart. The right ventricle opens into the pulmonary trunk, and the left ventricle opens into the aorta. The two ventricles are separated from each other by the interventricular septum, which is thick toward the apex and very thin toward the atria.
OVERVIEW
The heart is a hollow muscle. It is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs. The heart is responsible for the circulation of the blood. The heart rate is 72 beats per minute. The heart actually has two pumps. Each pump consists of a pair of chambers formed of muscles. The lower chamber is called a ventricle and the upper chamber is called an atrium. The four chambers of the heart are separated by valves: tricuspid valve and mitral (or bicuspid) valve. The left ventricle is separated from the right ventricle by the interventricular septum. The tissue of the heart consists of three layers: epicardium, endocardium, and pericardium.
LESSON 31
Vessels
Vocabulary
vessel ['vesl] судина сapillary [kq'pIlqrI] капіляр аrtery ['a:tqrI] артерія vein [veIn] вена farther ['fa:Dq] віддалений deliver [dI'lIvq] розносити, доставляти branch off ['bra:nC] розгалужуватися nourish ['nArIS] живити flexible ['fleksqbl] гнучкий, еластичний circulation ["sq:kju'leIS(q)n] обіг, циркуляція |
squamous ['skweImqs] сквамозний, покритий лусочками basement ['beIsmqnt] базис, основа tunica intima ['tjunIkq 'IntImq] внутрішня оболонка lamina ['lxmInq] тонка пластинка, тонкий шар tunica adventitia ['tjunIkq "xdven'tISIq] адвентиціальна оболонка eventually [I'venCqlI] зрештою, нарешті, з часом |