Особенности перевода газетно-журнального информационного текста
Цель: сообщить новые сведения, нередко навязав их определенную оценку.
Источник: автор (если он назван) представляет позицию редакции, которая может совпадать с позицией какой-либо политической партии или быть достаточно независимой.
Реципиент: широкие массы населения.
Доминантами перевода такого текста являются средства, отражающие его коммуникативное задание:
числовые данные, имена собственные, названия фирм и т.п. передаются однозначными эквивалентами;
клише и фразеологизмы – перевод вариантными соответствиями;
скрытые цитаты – перевод с помощью вариантных соответствий или трансформаций, с комментированием (внутренним или внешним);
модные слова (слова, только входящие в язык – маргинальный, офис – или старые, но расширившие диапазон сочетаемости – стилистика мебели) передаются с помощью лексической компенсации. Эти слова повышают доверие читателя к тексту, подчеркивают актуальность информации.
контраст коротких и длинных предложений, контраст предложений по сложности – перевод с помощью функционально подобных структур, чаще всего с использованием трансформаций (с сохранением контраста).
Упражнение 4
Устно переведите следующий информационный текст на русский язык согласно требованиям стиля.
PATH ТО PEACE RUNS THROUGH A HISTORY OF TUMULT
(CNN) — As they struggle to find a way for their people to coexist, Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon are not only dealing with the bitterness of recent violence but with a lengthy history of conflict.
The protracted dispute goes back long before the 1917 Balfour Declaration and the U.N. partition of Palestine set the stage for Zionist leader David Ben-Gurion to declare Israel a state on May 14, 1948. The region — bounded on the east by the Jordan River, on the west by the Mediterranean Sea, on the north by Lebanon and on the south by the Sinai Peninsula — has been the scene of bitter struggles for millennia.
The status of Jerusalem is one of the most contentious issues in the Israeli-Palestinian peace talks. Ground zero in the dispute is a hill in Jerusalem known to Jews as the Temple Mount and to Muslims as the Haram al-Sharif, or the Noble Sanctuary. That precious piece of real estate is believed to contain the ruins of Judaism's holiest temple, on top of which stands the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa mosque, Islam's third-holiest site. The terms of the U.N. partition of 1947 call for Jerusalem to be an international city shared between a Jewish and Palestinian state. But Israel annexed West Jerusalem after its war of independence and East Jerusalem — which includes the Dome of the Rock — in 1967. East Jerusalem is primarily populated by Arabs and West Jerusalem by Jewish residents.
In 1988, Arafat proclaimed an independent Palestinian state on the West Bank and Gaza and told the United Nations that the PLO renounced terrorism. He said the PLO supported the right of all parties to live in peace — Israel included.
In 1993 Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin signed the Oslo peace accords that established a framework for an agreement aimed at bringing peace to the region. The accords called for the gradual withdrawal of Israeli troops from Gaza and the West Bank, and the creation of the Palestinian Authority as the Palestinian governing body in the occupied territories. Rabin and Arafat were rewarded for their efforts by being named co-winners of the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres.
The peace process became mired in violence that escalated in September 2000, following a visit by Israeli Likud Party leader Ariel Sharon to the hotly disputed Jerusalem site known as the Temple Mount to Jews and as Haram al-Sharif, or Nobel Sanctuary, by Muslims.
Sharon, who went on to unseat Ehud Barak in the 2001 election for Israeli prime minister, has admonished Arafat to reign in Palestinian rock-throwing youths and suicide bombers. Arafat has responded that he cannot control random acts of violence by militant factions and has accused Sharon of escalating the violence.
www.cnn.com
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Упражнение 5
Выполните письменный перевод следующих информационных текстов. В каких лексических трансформациях возникла необходимость?
Prince William pays tribute to Diana at wedding1
By Michael Holden
LONDON | Fri Apr 29, 2011 1:14pm EDT
LONDON (Reuters) - Britain's Prince William made sure his mother Princess Diana in his own words didn't "miss out" on the ceremony and celebrations for his wedding to Kate Middleton in Westminster Abbey on Friday.
His bride wore Diana's engagement ring, a hymn from his late mother's funeral was sung at the service and guests included Elton John - who sang "Candle in the Wind" at Diana's funeral in the abbey.
Fourteen years ago, the eyes of the world watched as William, then 15, walked solemnly behind the coffin of his mother as it was taken through the packed streets of London to her funeral.
William wed Middleton in front of almost 2,000 guests and an audience of millions worldwide. But the one person conspicuous by her absence was Diana, who died in a Paris car crash in 1997.
From the moment the couple announced they were getting married last November, William has deliberately put the memory of Diana at the center of celebrations, giving Middleton his mother's large blue oval sapphire and diamond engagement ring.
"
It's
very special to me," William told reporters in November. "It's
my way of making sure my mother didn't miss out on today and the
excitement and the fact we are going to spend the rest of our lives
together."
The build-up to the day and the ceremony itself has been littered with reminders of Diana.
"The only downside on a perfect day was Diana not being there," her brother Charles Spencer told the BBC after the wedding service.
Before the wedding, the couple were reported to have visited Diana's resting place, an island at her family's Althorp estate in central England.
"It was very important for William to take Kate to visit his mum just before their wedding day," a source told the Daily Mirror newspaper. "It is tragic that she won't be there to see the wedding and that she never got to meet his bride."
WEDDING ADDRESS
The wedding address was delivered by the Bishop of London, Richard Chartres, who knew Diana since her 1981 marriage to William's father Prince Charles and was an executor of her will.
He also delivered an address at a memorial service to mark the 10th anniversary of her death.
One of the hymns chosen by the couple for their service, "Guide Me, O Thou Great Redeemer," was the final one to be sung at Diana's funeral.
"I think it's the most joyous result and I'm sure Diana would be very, very happy about it," pop star John said of William's upcoming wedding in a recent U.S. TV interview.
Diana was a royal outcast when she was killed aged 36, a year after she and Charles divorced.
However, her huge popularity both at home and abroad dwarfed that of the royal family and her early death generated enormous sympathy for William and his younger brother Harry, sentiments that have meant both retain much public sympathy to this day.
Two other guests at Friday's wedding will also forever be linked to Diana and her untimely death – Charles's second wife Camilla who he married in 2005 and Diana's brother.
Diana blamed Camilla for the breakdown of her relationship with heir-to-the-throne Charles, famously saying in a TV interview "there were three of us in this marriage."
Spencer will be remembered for the scathing attack he launched on the House of Windsor at his sister's funeral, promising William and Harry would not be stifled by the royals and their souls would not be immersed by duty and tradition.
He gave the wedding his seal of approval.
"It was incredibly beautiful wasn't it? Very moving," he said, before expressing regret at Diana's absence.
"But what a wonderful day, such a celebration."
http://www.reuters.com
Anders Fogh Rasmussen condems Russia for
'waste of money' missile system
By Thomas Harding, Defence Correspondent
12:42 AM BST 16 Jun 2011
NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen made a strongly worded attack on current Russian arms policy as Nato attempts to bring it into the new missile defence shield.
During a keynote speech at the Royal United Services Institute he suggested that Moscow's thinking was "out-dated" as Moscow begins to develop new inter-continental ballistic missiles.
"What does not make sense is for Russia to spend billions of roubles on a new offensive system to target the West.
"This type of rhetoric is unnecessary. This type of thinking is out of date. This type of investment is a waste of money.
"Because we are not a threat to Russia, we will not attack Russia, we will not undermine the security of Russia. The threats to Russia come from elsewhere. Our invitation to cooperate on missile defence is proof of that." The US-built ballistic missile defence system caused considerable differences with Russia during George W Bush's presidency as he wanted some of the system in eastern Europe.
President Barack Obama was subsequently accused of surrendering to Moscow when he withdrew plans for basing interceptor and radar systems in Poland and the Czech Republic.
Despite his strong words Mr Rasmussen said Nato wanted to work with Russia as they both faced the same missile threats.
"Cooperating with Russia in missile defence is in the interests of all of us. It makes sense politically, militarily and practically." Meetings have been held in Brussels to discuss the next stage of missile cooperation and it was "vital to build confidence and trust".
However Russia is still said to be wary of any deal and wants several security guarantees.
"We can give them agreeing that our systems will not undermine strategic alliances. The best guarantees for Russia is to be part of the process, to be connected to the system. We should focus on actual cooperation not abstract questions
The former Danish prime minister argued that with dozens of countries around the world increasingly advanced in their missile technology it was vital for the West to be properly defended.
"As we discuss missile defence 30 countries are discussing missile attack," he said adding, without mentioning North Korea or Iran, that their accuracy and payloads were increasing.
"We cannot take the risk of doing nothing. Missile threats are real and our defence must be real."
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia
Kate's first lesson: Who must curtsey to whom2
By Christopher Wilson
Last updated at 11:46 AM on 2nd May 2011
The first thing the new Duchess of Cambridge will have noticed about her altered status is that the Palace policemen have started saluting her.
In the state rooms of Buckingham Palace on Friday afternoon, female servants began to curtsey and grizzled retainers in their 100-year-old livery bowed their heads low.
O
ne
former courtier said: ‘At first she’ll be embarrassed by all this
courtly attention from people she barely knows. But she’ll soon
come to realise that it’s not what she wants, but what everybody
else wants that matters when it comes to people showing their
respect.’
Learning curve: Now that she is officially a member of the Royal Family, the Duchess of Cambridge has a set of rules to learn
As a brand new royal duchess, and wife of the second in line to the throne, Kate will need to bone up on who curtseys to whom.
In case nobody’s told her yet, here’s a rough guide to how things work.
If the Queen comes into the room, it’s simple enough – Kate should curtsey to her.
If Camilla appears and is with Charles, William’s wife should also curtsey to her.
But if Charles is absent but William is present, then Kate outranks Camilla, who should – in theory – curtsey to Kate. This is because William outranks Camilla in terms of the lineage, which means that effectively so does his wife while he is present.
If neither William nor Charles is there, then Kate curtseys to Camilla because – woman to woman – Camilla is her senior in the Firm.
In the case of Princess Anne – born a princess – and Princess Alexandra (the Queen’s cousin and granddaughter of George V), both these women have royal blood in their veins and therefore are more important than Kate – unless William happens to be around, in which case she’s more important than them (Sophie Wessex, being married to a royal junior in rank to William, just has to curtsey to them all).
As for Prince Andrew’s daughters, Beatrice and Eugenie, they out-rank Kate – but again not when William’s in the room.
Fortunately, Kate has had a long time to absorb what might politely be called the ‘ancient traditions’ of monarchy.
Those privy to the plans she and William are laying down for when they are King and Queen, believe that much of this ancient courtesy – well-meaning though it may be – will be swept away as the Cambridges seek to rejuvenate the monarchy.
www.dailymail.co.uk
Osama Bin Laden's death: How it happened3
By Adrian Brown
7 June 2011 Last updated at 11:48 GMT
Helicopter-borne 4US Navy Seals fly from Afghanistan to Osama Bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, arriving at around 0030 Monday (0930GMT Sunday).
Two Black Hawk helicopters set down at the compound after one develops problems. A team of 25 Seals breaches at least three walls to reach the main building.
As they go through the compound one person fires on the commandos5. Three men and a woman are killed by the US Navy Seals6. There are no US casualties.
On the second floor US commandos find Osama Bin Laden in a room with his wife. She is shot in the leg. Bin Laden, who is unarmed, is shot twice and killed.
Computer hard drives and other evidence is taken from the compound, along with Bin Laden's body. The US team departs after destroying the damaged aircraft.
The US operation to kill or capture Osama Bin Laden was months in the planning but took just minutes to complete.
In a daring raid 120 miles (192km) inside Pakistan, a team of US special forces flew from Afghanistan to Bin Laden's hiding place in the dead of night. They swooped down on the compound in stealth helicopters, swept through the buildings within the high walled enclosure and shot dead a total of five people including Bin Laden.
Around 40 minutes later they left, taking with them Bin Laden's body and a hoard of computer data devices and other information containing intelligence about al-Qaeda and Bin Laden's activities.
They left behind the other dead, among whom were a woman and one of Bin Laden's sons. They also left a group of three women and 13 children - two girls and 11 boys - bound with plastic ties.
The US team was forced to abandon one of its helicopters after it was damaged in a hard landing at the compound site. It was mostly destroyed in an explosion set by the US forces as they departed.
Publicly, the US authorities have given few details about the raid and some of these have changed since the news of Bin Laden's death was officially announced.
'Something nasty'
What follows has been pieced together from official US statements and off-the-record interviews, other news sources and BBC interviews with those living near the compound in Abbottabad, the quiet, leafy garrison town 35 miles north of the Pakistani capital, Islamabad.
Just a handful of US military and senior officials around President Obama knew of the planned raid. However, within seconds of the arrival of the US helicopters overhead in Abbottabad on Monday, their presence was being advertised on Twitter.
"Helicopter hovering above Abbotttabad at 1am (is a rare event)," tweeted Sohaib Athar, an IT engineer who lives about 3km (two miles) from the compound.
Eleven minutes later Athar reported: "A huge window-shaking bang here in Abbottabad. I hope it's not the start of something nasty."
On the other side of the world President Obama and his closest advisers had gathered in the White House situation room to monitor progress of the assault. A few miles away, at CIA headquarters, the spy agency's director Leon Panetta sat in a windowless seventh floor room, which had been turned into a command centre.
From there he fed the president and his team details of the raid as it unfolded. The operation now under way was the culmination of weeks of detailed surveillance and planning involving some of the United States' most sophisticated technology.
Planning for the raid started late last year. US officials have spoken of how an intercept in late August 2010 of a phone call to a trusted courier of Bin Laden in Pakistan was a breakthrough that led to the raid.
The call was made to Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti, a man the US had been seeking for years as part of the decade long hunt for Bin Laden. Controversially, they had learnt of his identity from interrogations of detainees in Guantanamo. Armed with the mobile phone number, the US was able to track him to the compound in Abbottabad.
The pacer
It was unusual. High walls prevented anyone from seeing in and privacy screens on the main building's balconies blocked all sight lines. It had no phone or internet connection and all rubbish was burnt inside the high walls rather than being collected as usual.
Access to the site was through a tall green metal security gate which led into a passageway with high walls either side, and another security gate leading to an inner compound at the other end.
According to neighbours who spoke to the BBC, the occupants rarely went out and when they did so - in either a red Suzuki jeep or van - they passed through security doors that closed immediately afterwards.
US intelligence soon began an intensive period of surveillance. While satellites watched from the sky a CIA safe house was set up nearby.
From the safe house, agents were able to observe the comings and goings from the compound in order to establish a "pattern of life" at the building. Some details of how they tried to obtain key information about the building have emerged.
Locals told the BBC that in the weeks leading up to the raid, people in "simple, plain clothes" knocked on doors in the neighbourhood posing as prospective property buyers. They would admire the homes and ask for any architectural plans, saying that they wanted to build something similar.
One of the men even went to Bin Laden's compound to make inquiries, they said.
The CIA also employed a sophisticated stealth drone that could float high about the compound without detection by the Pakistani authorities.
With its distinctive bat-winged shape, the RQ170 Sentinel is capable of flying undetected at high altitude taking photographs and sending real-time video. The aircraft can also capture images shot at an angle. This has the advantage of not having to fly directly over its target.
Despite the presence on the ground and observation from the sky, the CIA was still unable to positively identify Bin Laden as the man often spotted often walking up and down outside the house. Agents dubbed him "the pacer".
He and his associates went to extraordinary efforts to remain undetected. According to a detailed account of the lead-up to the raid in the Washington Post, US officials were "stunned to realise that whenever Kuwaiti or others left to make a call, they drove for 90 minutes before placing" a battery in a mobile phone.
In the meantime, a team from the secretive US Navy Seal Team 6 unit, had been practising storming a mock up of the compound, constructed at US bases on both coasts.
The raid
In the end, after months of investigation, the US had no conclusive proof of Bin Laden's presence in the compound. As President Obama told CBS television news, "this was still a 55/45 situation."
Nevertheless, 2 May presented a moonless night on which to mount the raid. The president formally gave the go-ahead on the morning of Friday 29 April.
But despite the detailed planning, the operation began to go wrong almost as soon as the raiders appeared overhead.
Five aircraft flew two teams of Navy Seals from a US base in Jalalabad, Afghanistan, into Pakistan. Three large Chinook helicopters carrying a back-up team of 24 Seals put down near the Indus River, a 10-minute flight from the compound.
The two other aircraft, specially adapted Black Hawk helicopters, flew on to Abbottabad. On board, were 23 Seals, a translator and a tracking dog called Cairo. Three of the Seals were specifically tasked to seek out Bin Laden.
In the original plan, one of the helicopters was to hover over the main building allowing the Seals to clamber down ropes onto the roof. The other was to drop its team within the grounds of the compound. This should have taken just a couple of minutes allowing the aircraft to fly away, thereby attracting less attention.
However, on arrival, the Black Hawk hovering over Bin Laden's building skittered around in the heat-thinned air forcing the pilot to ditch the craft into the ground. It made a hard landing inside the compound but its tail and rotor caught on one of the high walls.
The other aircraft immediately landed outside the walls. Both teams clambered out unhurt but they had now lost the element of surprise and had to start blasting their way into the compound.
Behind the perimeter walls were further inner walls cordoning off the three-storey main building where Bin Laden and his family lived and a smaller single-storey guard house.
Leon Panetta, the CIA chief, has said the commandos blasted their way through "three or four" walls to get into the buildings. As the raid got under way, Panetta said, he and those in the White House situation room were in the dark for "around 20-25 minutes" as to what was actually going on in the compound.
According to US officials, as the members of the US team moved to search the buildings they were fired on by one of the two brothers who were close confidantes of Bin Laden. Al-Kuwaiti is said to have fired from behind a door of the guard house. The Navy Seals killed him and his wife, who reportedly made a lunge for the soldiers.
Moving into the main building the commandos come across al-Kuwaiti's brother on the ground floor. Believing that he was about to shoot, they shot him dead. On the way up the stairs, Bin Laden's adult son, Khalid Bin Laden, met the Navy Seal team. He too was shot and killed.
'We got him'
On the top floor the trio of Seals looking for Bin Laden found him, some 20 minutes into the raid, standing at the end of the corridor. They recognised him immediately. He also saw them and ducked back inside a room.
Initial US accounts of the mission said that before he was killed he had exchanged fire with the commandos while using his wife as a human shield. US officials have now told the Associated Press news agency that after the Seals rushed into the room, they found two women in front of Bin Laden, screaming and trying to protect him.
One of the soldiers pushed the women aside, the Seal behind him fired at Bin Laden, hitting him in the head and chest killing him instantly.
One of the soldiers radioed his commanders: "Geronimo7 EKIA". In the cold military jargon, "EKIA" (Enemy killed in action8) signalled that the team had killed their target.
The message was relayed to the White House where President Obama is said to have received the news with a terse "We got him". Those in the situation room did not see the moment of Bin Laden's death.
Geronimo, it has been suggested was the code name for Bin Laden, but US officials have indicated that this referred to the stage in the operation in which Bin Laden was either captured or killed.
As they began photographing his body, an AK-47 and a Russian-made Makarov pistol were discovered in the room, but Bin Laden had not touched them.
Earlier reports suggested that Bin Laden's wife, believed to be 29-year-old Amal al-Ahmed Sadah, was in the room with him and was shot in the leg when she lunged at the soldiers. Pakistani police say that the couple's 12-year-old daughter was also in the room and witnessed Bin Laden's death.
As the minutes ticked by, a suspicious Pakistani air force began scrambling some of its fighter jets, heightening fears in Washington that the US commandos could still be in danger as they tried to return to Afghanistan.
Pakistan was not tipped off in advance about the raid although a Pakistani intelligence official told the BBC that once US helicopters entered Pakistan air space the US officials told their counterparts that an operation was under way against "a high value target". They were not told the target was Bin Laden. This ultimately led to the jets being called back.
With Bin Laden dead, the US team prepared to leave.
They trawled through the rest of the compound collecting a "treasure trove" of documents, computer hard drives, memory sticks and other material that could provide useful intelligence.
One of the Chinooks flew in to collect the team from the broken helicopter. They loaded up Bin Laden's body, corralled those still alive into a room, piled explosives into the damaged aircraft and blew it up. They then left for the US air base in Bagram, Afghanistan.
One neighbour in Abbottabad told the BBC how one of the departing helicopters swept past his house, "flying very low, coming very close".
"I threw myself to the ground thinking it was going to collide with my house," Zahoor Abbasi said.
From there Bin Laden's body was flown to the USS Carl Vinson, a US aircraft carrier in the north Arabian sea, where Bin Laden was prepared for burial. A White House spokesman said the corpse was prepared for burial "in conformance with Islamic precepts and practice", then placed in a weighted bag and dropped into the water from the vessel's deck.
Officials said this was to prevent his grave from becoming a shrine.
http://www.bbc.co.uk