18.2.Письмове завдання

Вправа 1. Заповніть пропуски в тексті такими словами та словосполученнями: leading, Peninsula, based on, education, city, globally, school, England, center, population, students, the United States, tourists.

Boston is the capital of and largest ___ in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in ___. The city has a ___ of about 618,000 people. In 1630, Puritan colonists from ___ founded the city on the Shawmut ___. Its rich history now helps attract over 20 million ___ every year. The city was the site of several “firsts”, including America’s first public ___, Boston Latin School (1635), and the first subway system in the United States (1897). With many colleges and universities within the city and surrounding area, Boston is an international ___ of higher ___ and a center for medicine. More than 100 colleges and universities are located in the Greater Boston Area, with more than 250,000 ___ attending college in Boston and Cambridge alone. The city’s economy is also ___ research, electronics, engineering, finance, and high technology – principally biotechnology. Besides, the city is a ___ finance center. The city was also ranked number one for innovation, both ___ and in North America.

18.3. Читання

Прочитайте текст.

What is Fiber Optics?

Fiber optic technology allows humans to control the path of a beam of light by confining it within ductile, transparent materials, like cords of plastic and glass. These transparent materials function as pipelines for light, and with their help, light, which usually moves in straight lines, can be sent along curved trajectories or around corners. Optical fibers of very pure glass have a surprisingly massive range, having been observed to carry light across distances greater than 100 miles (160 km) with only slight dimming. Some individual fibers measure less than 0.00015 inches (0.004 mm) wide, which makes them thinner than human hair. The light transmitted by optical fibers can be used for simple illumination, or to transmit signals and data. Though there was some practical application of fiber optic technology as early as the 1950s, major commercial implementation began in the 1980s.

Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. In fiber optics technology, such materials as ___ are used to transmit light.

a) wood b) plastic c) metal

2. Optical fibers can carry light over the distances of ___.

a) 1,000 km b) 100 km c) 10,000 km

3. The thickness of a single fiber is ___.

a) that of a match b) less than that of a human hair c) 3 inches

4. The commercial application of fiber optic began in ___.

a) 1950s b) 1980s c) the 21^st century

18.4. Граматика. Порівняльні конструкції as ... As, not so ... As, the ... The та інші

1)

the ... , the...

чим ... тим

The more, the better. – Чим більше, тим краще.

2)

as ... as

такий же ... як

It is as cold today as it was yesterday. – Сьогодні так само холодно, як вчора.

Запам’ятайте!

This box is twice (tree times) as heavy as that.

Ця коробка вдвічі (втричі) важча, ніж та.

3)

not so ... as

не такий ... як

It is not so cold today as it was yesterday. – Сьогодні не так холодно, як учора.

4)

than

ніж

He did more than she did. – Він зробив більше, ніж вона.

☺Smile !

Did you hear about the man who went to see the optician because he saw spots in front of his eyes?

The optician gave him glasses, and now he can see the spots much better.

Вправа 2. Використайте конструкції as ... as або so ... as.

1. Mike is ___ tall ___ Pete. 2. Kate is not ___ nice ___ Ann. 3. My room is ___ light ___ this one. 4. This book is not ___ thin ___ that one. 5. Sergei is ___ old ___ Michael. 6. She is ___ young ___ Tom’s brother. 7. Nick’s English is not ___ good ___ his friend’s. 8. ___ far ___ I know, your sportsmen won not ___ many medals ___ ours. 10. His textbook is twice ___ thick ___ mine.

Вправа 3. Перекладіть речення, звертаючи увагу на порівняльну конструкцію the ... the.

1. The shorter the half-life period of an element, the greater its radioactivity. 2. The faster the object moves, the greater the air resistance. 3. The higher the temperature of a metal, the higher its resistance. 4. The more you read, the more you learn. 5. The larger the water-pipe, the more water passes through it. 6. The shorter the wire, the less its resistance to current. 7. The greater the number of free electrons in a substance, the better that substance conducts electricity.

Вправа 4. Перекладіть рідною мовою.

1. The less you say, the better. 2. Unfortunately I couldn’t come as early as I had promised. 3. The cat fell off the roof but it feels none the worse for it. 4. The room is nice, but not as nice as I should like. 5. The more one has, the more one wants. 6. He is not as experienced as you are. 7. The weather is changing for the better. 8. The window is as narrow as the door. 9. The soup smells good, but it tastes better. 10. How can I get to the nearest post-office? 11. If he helps us, so much the better. 12. If he doesn’t do his home tasks, so much the worse for him. 13. The sooner you do it, the better. 14. He is getting still weaker. 15. This time you’ve made fewer mistakes. 16. The more we study, the more we know. 17. He is not so industrious as his brother. 18. My train starts in a minute. I can’t wait for him any longer.

Вправа 5. Вставте as ... as, so ... as або than.

1. Our house is not ___ big ___ yours. 2. The new cinema in our district is much bigger ___ the old one. 3. We are ___ proud of our district ___ you are of yours. 4. The house I live in is two times ___ old ___ the one my sister lives in. 5. Exercise 2 is easier ___ exercise 3. 6. This song is more beautiful ___ that one. 7. My composition is not ___ long ___ yours.

Вправа 6. Поставте слова у дужках у потрібний ступінь порівняння.

1. This railway is (long) in the world. 2. Silver is (heavy) than copper. 3. The twenty-second of December is (short) in the year. 4. The (big) problem facing the technology is cost-effectiveness. 5. Elbrus is (high) peak in the Caucasus. 6. One of the (good) parts of my job is having an opportunity to meet with interesting people. 7. The maintenance costs become (high) each year. 8. The flexible solar panel is a little (thick) than photographic film. 9. This technology will be a lot (easy) to handle. 10. The (good) solar cells are now working at efficiencies about 20%.

Вправа 7. Перекладіть речення англійською.

1. В інституті перерви між заняттями довші, ніж у школі. 2. Земля важча за Місяць приблизно в 80 разів. 3. Його собака такий же лінивий, як його кіт. 4. Чим більше мов знає людина, тим краще. 5. Цей телефон не такий дорогий, як я думав. 6. В Харкові більше навчальних закладів, ніж у Донецьку.